rd
3
Period
Kosovo
Lila Schell, Dakota Werner, Derek Goshay
Origins
● Border land between Serbia and Albania
o Albanians claim to have settled the
western Balkans before the Serbians.
o The Serbs believe that Kosovo is the
“Cradle of the Serb nation”.
 Serbian Orthodox Church
● in 1297 the medieval kingdom
of Serbia reached its height after
the establishment of the Serbian
Orthodox Church at Pec in
Kosovo
Origins
● Serbians believe they have a right to Kosovo due to their rich
religious ties to the land.
o “Serbian nationalists hold that Kosovo's numerous Orthodox
monasteries, and the blood and the relics of those who died
defending them, have 'eternally sanctified' Serbian claims to
Kosovo” (http://www.historytoday.com/robert-bideleux/kosovos-conflict)
Origins
1990’s
● Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
o composed of 6 republics: Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia,
Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia.
 two separate regions of Kosovo and
Vojvodina held the status of
autonomous provinces within the
Republic of Serbia.
● Collapse of Communism and Rise of
Nationalism
o increased political and economic instability
led to conflict in all 6 regions.
Form of Conflict
● Conflict takes the form of tension and violence
● Violence began in 1996 when Kosovo Liberation Army emerged and made
sporadic attacks on Serbian police and politicians
● By 1998, Serbians tried reasserting control over region.
○ Atrocities were committed by police and paramilitary groups
○ Caused a wave of refugees to flee the area
● After refusing to end the violence as suggested by the U.S, Great Britain,
France, Germany, and Italy, Serbs began an ethnic cleansing
Form of Conflict
● NATO then began airstrikes against Serbs, resulting in the Serbs pushing
even harder to displace hundreds of thousands of ethnic Albanians
● Serbs signed peace accord with NATO and nearly 1 million displaced
Albanians returned
● Sporadic violence continues to lead to political refugees
Spatial Extent of Conflict
● Conflict takes place on edge of Balkan Peninsula
● The conflict, however, has led to international alliances like the UN and
NATO to get involved
Local and Regional Scale
● Ottoman control of Kosovo
o Christian population decreased while Muslim increased.
● In 1981 student protests took place in Pristina
o they wanted republic status, rights of secession from Serbia, and to be
free from Communist Serbian control.
● In 1990 Serbians took control of Kosovo’s radio, tv stations, theatres, and
industrial enterprises.
● 1995 the Dayton Accords were released. Which resulted in international
sanctions against Serbia and Montenegro, but no resolution for Kosovo.
Recent Events
● Kosovo is still under Serbian control
o It is recognized as an autonomous province even though Kosovo
declared its independence in February of 2008.
● In 2013 the EU created a landmark deal which stated that ethnic Serbs in
Northern Kosovo would have their own police and appeal court but would
vote for the same local government as Albanians.
ORIGIN
• THE TROUBLE BEGAN WITH THE ANNEXATION OF THE ISLAND BY THE BRITISH
EMPIRE FROM THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN 1914. THEY LATER BECAME
INDEPENDENT IN 1960 AFTER YEAR OF GUERILLA WARFARE BETWEEN THE
ISLANDERS AND BRITISH TROOPS.
• THE MAJOR CONFLICT WAS BETWEEN THE TURKISH AND GREEK ISLANDERS
THAT AROSE AROUND THE 1950S WHILE STILL UNDER BRITISH RULE.
THE ROOT
• THE CONSTITUTION PROMISED THE TURKISH MINORITY A SHARE OF ELECTED
OFFICES AND CONTROL OVER ITS OWN EDUCATION, RELIGION, AND CULTURE.
• THE ISLAND HAS BEEN DIVIDED SINCE 1974 WHEN TURKEY INVADED THE
NORTH IN RESPONSE TO A MILITARY COUP WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE
ATHENS GOVERNMENT. AFTER THAT THE ISLAND WAS SUCCESSFULLY
PARTITIONED.
FORMS OF CONFLICT
•
THE CONFLICT HAD OPEN VIOLENCE AND WAS TENSE. MANY CALL THE DISPUTE THE CYPRUS CIVIL WAR,
BECAUSE THE NORTH ENDED UP DECLARING INDEPENDENCE IN 1983, BUT ONLY TURKEY RECOGNIZES IT AS A
SEPARATE STATE.
•
THE UN PEACEKEEPING FORCES ESTIMATE THAT 165,000 GREEK CYPRIOTS FLED OR WERE EXPELLED FROM THE
NORTH, AND 45,000 TURKISH CYPRIOTS FROM THE SOUTH, ALTHOUGH THE PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT SAY THE
FIGURES ARE HIGHER.
•
THE NUMBER OF DECEASED DUE TO THIS CONFLICT ARE SPREAD OUT DURING EXTENDED PERIODS OF TIME AND
ARE NOT VAST IN NUMBER (LARGEST I FOUND WAS APP. 300).
•
SOME BELIEVE THAT THE (EXTREMIST) GREEK ISLANDERS WERE SEEKING ETHNIC CLEANSING. WHEN THEY
SLAUGHTERED VILLAGES, THEY CONVENIENTLY SKIPPED ANY GREEK HOMES.
SPATIAL EXTENT
EFFECT AND SCALE
• GLOBALLY, THE CONFLICT MADE HEADLINES, BECAUSE THE UN WAS FORCED
TO INTERVENE AND CREATE A BUFFER ZONE KNOWN AS THE “GREEN LINE”
DIVIDING THE TWO ETHNIC GROUPS.
• REGIONALLY, GREECE AND TURKEY WERE AT ODDS, BECAUSE THEY WERE
SUPPORTING THEIR ISLANDERS DURING THE CIVIL WAR.
• LOCALLY, MANY PEOPLE HAD TO LEAVE THEIR INHABITANTS, BECAUSE THE
OTHER ETHNIC GROUP HAD CLAIMED THE LAND AS THEIR OWN.
RECENT EVENTS
• CYPRUS WAS ACCEPTED INTO THE UN AS ONE COUNTRY IN 2004.
• TURKISH CYPRIOTS OPENED THE BORDERS BETWEEN THE TWO SIDES IN 2003.
• DESPITE FAILED TALKS OF REUNIFICATION, A NEW ATTEMPT BEGAN IN EARLY 2014.
SETTLEMENT TALKS WENT WELL AND SUPPORTED BI-COMMUNAL AND BI-ZONAL
EQUALITY.
• BOTH GREECE AND TURKEY HAVE EXPRESSED SUPPORT FOR REUNIFICATION.
• IN OCTOBER OF 2014, THE CYPRUS SUSPENDED PEACE TALKS WITH TURKISH-
HELD CYPRIOTS IN PROTEST OF TURKEY EXPLORING GAS FIELDS SOUTH OF THE
ISLAND.
WORKS CITED
• HTTP://WWW.CYPRUS-CONFLICT.NET/INTRO%20PAGE.HTML
• HTTP://WWW.BBC.CO.UK/NEWS/WORLD-EUROPE-17217956
• HTTP://WWW.ATAA.ORG/REFERENCE/TRNC/GENOCIDE_TRNC.HTML
• HTTP://WWW.DAILYKOS.COM/STORY/2010/02/20/839037/-THE-HISTORYOF-THE-CYPRUS-CONFLICT-A-BACKGROUND-W-PEACEBUILDING-STRATEGIES
Sri Lanka
Emma O.
Origin
●
●
●
●
●
●
The Tamil Hindu minority and the Sinhalese Buddhist majority began
moving to the island in the 3rd and 5th century BC respectively.
The Indo-Aryan Sinhalese came from northern India and instantly
composed the majority.
Sri Lanka saw a period of colonization (Portuguese, Dutch, British) in
which the two groups, for the most part, coexisted peacefully.
After Sri Lanka gained independence from Britain 1948, the Tamils
struggled to have their voice heard politically.
Tension began to escalate then the government named Sinhala the
country’s official language (1956).
Tensions escalated into war in 1983.
Forms of Conflict
● The conflict began as tension following Sri Lankan independence.
● The war itself saw violence from both sides:
o The Tamils, known as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in their
war efforts, commonly used suicide bombings.
o The Sri Lankan government has been accused of conducting human
rights violations against the Tamils.
● Those living in the north and northeast region of Sri Lanka were the most
affected by the war.
o People were forced to displace elsewhere in the country or go to India.
Spatial Extent
● The conflict in Sri Lanka did not extend
beyond the island.
● Sri Lanka’s civil war was between the LTTE
in the Northern Province and the Sri
Lankan government, which comprised the
rest of the country.
● Most of the fighting, however, was in the
north and northeast.
Scale of the Conflict
● Global
o
o
o
o
o
India deployed its forces to Sri Lanka in 1987 to facilitate peace
Norway brokered a cease-fire agreement between Sri Lanka and the LTTE in 2002
Until 2007, the United States had been sending military aid
The United States granted $12 million in financial aid to Sri Lanka’s local governments
UN and Human Rights Watch involvement
● Regional
o
Eelam v. Sri Lanka
 The Tamil Hindus comprised the north and east while the Sinhalese Buddhists
mainly populated the rest of the country
● Local
o
Damage to local economies
 forced migration
 war costs
Recent Developments
● President Rajapaksa initiated a military
offensive against the LTTE in 2008 and
emerged victorious in May of 2009,
having captured all the LTTE-controlled
areas.
● In 2013, a UN commissioner for human
rights criticized the Sri Lankan
government for taking an authoritarian
route of leadership, which is notably
reflected in the lack of freedom in the
media.
Conflict in Kashmir
By: Taylor Ostrowski & Philip Kozhikattu
Origins
Territorial disputes have been occurring
since independence from Britain in 1947.
 After India’s independence, Hari Singh, the
maharaja of Kashmir, thought delaying his
decision could help Kashmir keep its
independence.

Conflict
Tension and open violence
 70,000 dead and 8,000 missing (since
1989), according to local human rights
group CCS
 Violence, military actions, protests
 Mass killings of Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims

Countries and Regions
India, Pakistan, and China
 Kashmir
 The backdrop of the Himalayan
mountains and valleys

Regional Scale
India- 43%
 Pakistan- 37%
 China- 20%
 The three countries involved surround
Kashmir.

Today
Kashmiris face life alongside a huge
military presence and ongoing militia
operations
 Even though cease fire agreement made in
2003, there is still military operations
from both sides

Works Cited
http://www.insightonconflict.org/conflicts/
kashmir/conflict-profile/
 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1399992
/A-brief-history-of-the-Kashmirconflict.html

By:
Joey Marques
Tyler Medders
Jeremy Bowman



ISIS- first attacks on Iraq was in 2004.
Kurds- technically started in the 6th century
during the Arab conquest.
Sunni and Shiites- dates back 1300 years ago
after Muhammad's death.



ISIS- want their own nation under strict Sharia Law,
unlike Syria and Iraq.
Kurds- they want to be their own nation because
they are the largest, stateless ethnicity.
Sunnis and Shiites- disagreement over the prophet,
Muhammad, successor. Sunni’s wanted the people
to vote for Muhammad’s successor, but Shiites
wanted the successor to go along with his family
line.



ISIS- Iraq and Syria
Kurds- Syria, Turkey, Iran, and Iraq
Sunnis and Shiites- Iraq, Iran, Israel, Saudi
Arabia, and most countries in the middle east
(but not all Sunnis and Shiites are involved in
the fighting).

ISIS-
Globally: one of the strongest, most
successful, and wealthiest terrorist groups.
Regionally: terrorist group is trying to
take over land in Syria and Iraq.
Locally: suicide bombings, hostage
situations, and kidnapping.
KurdsGlobally: largest stateless ethnicity
Regionally: wants to create its own state
with territory inside other countries that have a
lot of Kurds.
Locally: depends on what country you are
talking about, such as Turkey they are
oppressed, but in Iraq the Kurds have an
autonomous area run by the Kurdistan regional
government

Sunnis and ShiitesGlobally: skews people views on Muslims
as a whole.
Regionally: divides middle eastern
countries that are involved into two separate
major groups.
Locally: disputes between each group
causes conflict in government, and in where
people live.



ISIS- they destroyed ancient Assyrian site
near Mosul that contained colossal statues,
known as Lamassu, and other artifacts,
because they are what the believe to be “nonIslamic” ideas.
Kurds- more and more outsiders are helping
them fight against ISIS, but have not gained
any territory in order further their pursuit in
creating their own country.

Sunnis and Shiites- the conflicts have recently
reached out further into Lebanon. The Sunnis
in Iraq are refusing to fight ISIS along with the
United States.






https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQPlRED
W-Ro
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pA7Wyu
pD7Q0
http://www.ibtimes.com/least-100westerners-join-kurdish-fight-againstislamic-state-1837686
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uv5q_9fpro
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KLvjs7Y
rtw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOGLesX
Q4Tc
Lebanon Conflict
By: Michael Curran
Hayden Coyne
Brandon Puckett
Map
Explanation
 1948 the United Nations recognized Israel as an
independent state
 100,000+ Palestinian refugees flooded into Lebanon
 1967 Arab-Israeli War (Israel occupied the Golan Heights,
Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip & West Bank)
 Influx of Palestinian refugees into Lebanon (400,000+)
 1975 civil war in Lebanon (fought between complex factions
of seculars, Christian militias, the PLO, Syrians, Israelis,
etc.)
 http://www.insightonconflict.org/conflicts/lebanon/conflictprofile/
Origins of Conflict
 (further explained on the “Explanation” slide)
 Shifting demographies and the struggle of various
confessional groups for representation played a major
role in tensions leading to civil war
 http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.in
sightonconflict.org%2Fconflicts%2Flebanon%2Fconflict
-profile%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFXmE0EMuhS86tXoSM4u-v3FzwQQ
Who is Affected?

200,000+ dead (including civilians) due to civil war (open violence)

1 million+ displaced

Many Lebanese cities left in ruins

Palestinian refugees

Syrian peacekeeping force

UN peacekeeping force

Israeli invading army

Surrounding Arab nations

http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insightonconflict.org%2Fconflicts%
2Flebanon%2Fconflict-profile%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNFXmE0EMuhS86tXoSM4u-v3FzwQQ
Spatial Extent
 The conflict which originally began with Israel and Lebanon
has spread to the entire globe. With Israel’s recognition as a
state in 1948 by the United Nations, conflict has been
surrounding the countries from birth
 Arabian countries of the Middle East (Syria, Jordan, etc.)
 Egypt
 United Nations members
 France and Great Britain (Lebanon was once part of French
and British mandates)
Global, Regional, Local
 Global scale: Lebanese Front, Lebanese National Movement, Syrian Army,
IDF
United Nations accepts these countries as sovereign
 Regional scale: Israel gained a lot of Arabian land in 1967, which caused
400,000 Palestinian refugees to occupy Lebanon
1970 Palestinian army moved into South Lebanon as well as Syrian and Israeli
troops
 Local scale: civil war erupted inside the state of Lebanon in 1975
Also, suicide bomber inside Israel kill innocent civilians
Highjackings of civilian airlines
http://www.insightonconflict.org/conflicts/lebanon/conflict-profile/
Current Events
 August 2013, 42 people were killed and over 400 were
wounded in mosque bombings
 Since March 2011, Syrian conflicts have spilled into
Lebanon (Lebanese fight alongside rebels in Syria)
 2005-2007 assassinations of Walid Eldo (Sunni
Parliament member), Pierre Gemayal (son of former
president), George Hawi (head of Lebanese
Communist Party)
 http://www.insightonconflict.org/conflicts/lebanon/conflic
t-profile/
McKenzie Henkle & Kourtney Sherrod



French Canadians want to be known as a
founding nation of Canada.
The English Canadians are the ones who have
power. The French are expected to know
English.
Since 1982, the people of Quebec didn’t like the
new constitution.
Violence at Front’ De Liberation du Quebec.
A terrorist group and P.Q legitimized the want
for separation.
More than 82% of the people were affected by the
violent activities.
 French discriminate against English only
speakers


Quebec, Canada
Regional:
French is the main language on signs in most of
Quebec.
 Local:
French parents can only enroll their children into
French schools.
 Some people see this as violent and shouldn’t
be tolerated.


Said to legislate the use of French in Quebec

Talk of seceding from Canada

Calmed down in the past two years.


“Canadian Ethnic Conflict.” Lots of Essays.com.
N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/17
05276.html>.
Schmitt, David E. “Ethnic Structure, Conflict
Processes and the Potential for Violence and
Accommodation in Canada.” The Journal of
Conflict Studies. N.p., 1997. Web. 7 Mar. 2015.
<http://journals.hil.unb.ca/index.php/jcs/arti
cle/view/11749/12519>.
Northern
Ireland
(Protestant v. Catholic)
BY ALISON
BECKLHYMER, MARY
ALICE BARRINGTON,
AND JADE L E
Origin and root of
Conflict
Began in the 17th century when England took control of Scottish and
English
Protestants went to Ireland, where the people there were Catholic
Protestants owned most of the land which resulted in a low standard of
living
Irish Catholics wanted independence from England in the 60’s and 70’s
There was social and economic exclusions for the Catholics
Form of Conflict
“The Troubles”, ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that has
spilled over at various times into the Republic of Ireland, mainland UK, and
mainland Europe
Conflict began amidst a campaign to end discrimination against Catholics
and nationalist minority by the Protestants and unionist who dominated the
government and police force
Internment, imprisonment without trial, initially only used against
nationalists
Between 1969 and 2001, 3,531 people have been killed because of this
conflict
Approximately 52% of dead were civilians, 32% were members or former
members of loyalist paramilitaries
People affected: people located in Belfast, IRE/ Dublin, IRE/ London/
Birmingham/ Gibraltar/ Germany/ Netherlands
Spatial Extent of
Conflict
Concentrated mainly in Northern Ireland
Countries involved include Scotland and England
Conflict greatly affects many people within the British Isles
Great Britain
Germany
Netherlands
Conflict on
Different Scales
Local scale:
Catholics could not find jobs with in areas
Regional scale:
Communities are divided
Regional scale:
Libya supplied arms and explosives to the IRA who are opposing the
Catholics and are helping the British tension between Ireland and England
Conflict Today
Catholics now outnumber Protestants in Belfast
Small conflicts such as the British authorities forcing Protestants to cut
short a parade
Today political leaders in Northern Ireland are still struggling to bring
Protestant and Catholic groups together
Belfast is still divided by 30 ft high walls that separate Catholic
neighborhoods from Protestant
Segregated schools
Works cited
http://incore.incore.ulst.ac.uk/services/cds/themes/ni.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/troubles
http://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/11/28/367183005/fornorthern-ireland-wounds-from-the-troubles-are-still-raw
http://www.history.co.uk/shows/soldiers-stories/articles/northernireland-conflict
Chechnya
/Dagestan
By The hide yo kids hide yo wife Gregg & the
one only Mr. shadow crawler Coop
•
•
•
•
Federal subdivisions of Russia in the southwest corner.
Mainly Muslims.
200 years of conflict
In the early 1800s Tzar Nicholas the 1st took over these
independent states.
• Periodical rebellions occur led by jihadist of an extreme
version of Islam.
• War has broken out in 1994when when former soviet
unions ceded from Russia at this time Chechnya tried but
failed by Russia taking them back.
Origin of Conflict
•
•
•
•
Thousands of lives have been lost including civilians.
Russians are executed in their homes.
Ended after reclamation in 1996.
2nd war started by the Chechnyan forces invading
Dagestan and declared war on Moscow in 1999
• That lasted less than a year because of the extreme
brutality.
• Today low level rebels/ Jihadist are the resistance.
The Causes of Open
Violence
• Due to there close vicinity they mainly only get in
conflict with each other.
• But because they are in Russia the can sometimes pull in
the other regions of Russia and even Georgia due to the
borders.
• In smaller terrorist attacks the can be seen to lash out
against random countries.
Spatial Conflict
• Local- bombings in1964 just across territory lines that
went back in forth until 1966.
• Regional- the War of 1994 that helped many Soviet
Union states cede.
• National- the Boston marathon bombing.
Examples of Scale
• Glad to say that the tension has died down some but sad
to say the most recent works were takin place on U.S. soil
with the Boston marathon bombings set up by two
Chechnyans.
Most Current Events
•
•
•
•
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/dagestan.html
Ethnic Conflicts
Ethnic Conflict research digest
Human security gateway
Citations
Ethnic Conflict:
Ukraine
By: Megan McGuiness, Emma West, Clara
Pollard
Origins
• In the 9th century, Vikings and local Slavs established the powerful
kingdom of Kievan Rus’ and both Russia and Ukraine believed this
kingdom was their cultural inheritance
• Internal conflict and a Mongol invasion separated Russia and Ukraine
• In the 14th – 16th centuries the territories of Ukraine and Belarus were
largely known as Rus’, continuing the tradition of Kievan Rus’, the first east
Slavic state
• In the 16th – 17th centuries, the notion of Ukraine as a separate country
with a separate ethnic identity came into being
• In the last few centuries, the population of Ukraine was subjected to
periods of Polonization and Russification which led to tension, but Ukraine
preserved a common culture and a sense of common identity
• Because the history and economies of Ukraine and Russia have been
closely intertwined throughout the centuries, things became tricky when
Ukrainian nationalists began demanding independence
Timeline
*9th-12th c.: Kievan Rus’
*13th-16th c. :Political fragmentation/Mongol invasion
*1654-1764: Cossack Hetmanate
 broke off from Poland in a violent revolt and this new state pledged its allegiance to
Russia but became completely absorbed by Russia
*19th c. : Russia attempted to suppress Ukrainian nationalism
*1917-1922: Ukraine gains independence for 5 years following Russian Revolution
*1922: Dragged back into USSR
*1931-1933: Holodomor
*1941: Nazis invade Ukraine and Ukraine resists but eventually rejoins USSR
*1991: 90% of Ukrainians voted to break of from USSR and the USSR dissolved shortly after
 years of economic and political instability ensued and ethnic Ukrainians turned to
Europe for help and ethnic Russian minority living in Ukraine pushed to maintain Russian
dominance
*2014-today: Russian military forces moved into Crimean peninsula of Ukraine and annexed it
with the support of Ukraine’s ethnic Russian population
 Conflict is still occurring
Holodomor: An act of Genocide
• When Ukraine resisted Soviet attempts at collectivization in the
1920s and '30s, the Soviet Union under Stalin used labor camps,
executions, and starvation to kill millions of Ukrainians. The
Holodomor, translated by one as "artificial hunger, organized on a
vast scale by the criminal regime against the country's population,”
was an artificial famine created by confiscation of all food
• In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution, Ukraine became
part of a bloody battlefield of fighting between the Bolsheviks,
Czarist Whites, and Ukrainian nationalists. Ultimately, of course,
the Bolsheviks prevailed, but Lenin shrewdly recognized that
concessions would be necessary to gain Ukraine's cooperation as a
member of the unstable young USSR. To exploit Ukrainians' longstanding resentment of Czarist domination, he permitted them to
retain much of their national culture. Ukrainians experienced a
relatively high degree of freedom extending into the mid-1920s..
However, as the Soviet Union consolidated its power, and Joseph
Stalin ascended to the party's top, these freedoms became
expendable, and Ukrainian nationalism now became viewed as a
Holomodor
-Going by the Soviet data, the lowest possible number is 5 million dead.
The population should have grown, just as it did in Russia but since the
population of Ukraine actually decreased by 16% it is reasonable to
conclude based on this data that Ukraine lost about a third of its
population to Holodomor, which is over 10 million victims.
Form of Conflict
• The ethnic conflict in Ukraine took the form of Violent conflict
and tension
 an estimated 6,000 people have been killed since April
2014 and the conflict continues to evolve
• There have been various phases of violent conflict between
Russians and Ukrainians throughout the past decades but only
recently has the situation become unchecked
Spatial Extent of the Conflict
•
•
•
This conflict is relatively widespread because the conflict is occurring in both
Russia and Ukraine as well as some of the surrounding states
The conflict is the worst in eastern Ukraine and the violence has been clustered in
cities such as Kiev, Crimea, and Donetsk among others
People are fleeing into surrounding countries in an attempt to escape from the
conflict
Scale of Conflict
Locally:
• 260,000 people displaced from Ukraine
• the city of Luhansk has been under government siege
without adequate food/water supplies
Regionally:
• At least 800,000 Ukrainians have crossed the border into
Russia and others fled to Poland and Belarus and another
20,000 Ukrainians fled to the Baltic states
Globally:
• Russia, the USA, and the UK made a deal with Ukraine in
1994. IN exchange for Ukraine’s nuclear weapons, Russia,
the USA, and The UK would ensure their security,
sovereignty, and inviolability of its borders.
Recent Events
• In In September of 2014, 400 bodies were discovered in
mass graves in the Donetsk region of eastern Ukraine
 most of the deceased were civilians who were shot
execution style
 various other mass graves have been discovered in various
parts of eastern Ukraine
 Russian rebel groups in Ukraine are being blamed for these
deaths but the truth is unclear
-In January 18, 2015, Ukrainian armed forces opened fire on
pro-Russian separatists to retake full control of the Donetsk
airport and surrounding areas
-6000 have been killed since last April
-A new Ceasefire Agreement was signed on February 15, 2015
Brantley Fraker & Donovan Munlin

Pre-Colonial
 Hutus – mostly peasant farmers
 Tutsis – elite cattle herders

Colonial
 1918 – Belgium takes control of area from
Germany after League of Nations mandate
 Favor minority Tutsis over majority Hutus (85%)

1959
 Hutu revolution to overthrow Tutsis
 300,000 Tutsis flee country

1994
 Plane carrying Rwandan president (Hutu), Juvenal
Habyarimana, and Burundi president, Cyprien
Ntaryamira shot down
 Hutu-led government and Rwandan Patriotic Front
(RPF), start genocide of Tutsis
▪ 800,000 killed in 3 month period
 2 million Hutus fled country after genocide ended




People taken from their homes and robbed,
raped, or murdered
Most fighting took place in Rwanda, Uganda,
and Zaire (Dem Rep of Congo)
Little international support due to conflict in
former Yugolsavia
French troops sent to help stop violence

Movies
 Hotel Rwanda
 Shooting Dogs
 A Sunday in Kigali

Documentaries
 Journey Into Darkness
 A Culture of Murder

Books
 Life Laid Bare
 Machete Season
 The Rebels’ Hour



Few terrorist attacks
40% of country still in poverty
Seeking to reach middle-income level by
2020
 On level with Brazil & Thailand



Democratic government
Improved infrastructure
More access to electricity & water