China and Taiwan GATE
Prof. Tony O’Driscoll
Agenda
Civilization, Culture, Leadership and GATE
Understanding and Applying Relational Models
Understanding and Applying Cultural Dimensions
Preparing for GATE
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GATE FOCUS: Why not How
GATE experience should NOT focus solely on HOW to do business in a given region,
but also on WHY business is conducted the way it is in the region.
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2012 Leadership Transitions
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Agenda
Civilization, Culture, Leadership and GATE
Understanding and Applying Relational Models
Understanding and Applying Cultural Dimensions
Preparing for GATE
5
Social Relations: Relational Models (RMs)
There are only four fundamental RMs that generate coordination systems in every
domain of sociality in every culture….Just as four basic forces generate the complex
and varied structures of the physical universe, four basic social bonds generate the
complex and varied structures of the social universe Fiske and Haslam
Relational Model (RM)
RM Domains
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Relational Model Domains
Each culture implements the four RMs in many distinct ways and in different
combinations. In a particular culture, a given aspect of a given domain of
sociality may be organized by any of the RMs, and the way each aspect
is organized may change historically. Fiske and Haslam
Activity: US/China Relational Models
• Form teams of 3-4
• Allocate 100 points across CS, AR, EM, MP
• Identify Key Domain for top two RMs
• Explain rationale for Allocation and Domains
10m
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
CS
AR
EM
MP
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China’s Relational Model Composite
CCMBA 2011
CCMBA 2012
Source: CCMBA 2010, 2011 Aggregate Responses (Shanghai,) From Pre-Residency Blog.
CCMBA 2013
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China RM (Post Residency)
Source: CCMBA 2010, 2011 Aggregate Responses (Shanghai) from Post Residency Case Study Deliverable.
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Composite Relational Models
80
70
60
50
Average
Shanghai
London
40
Dubai
Delhi
30
Russia
20
10
0
Communal Sharing
Authority Ranking
Equality Matching
Market Pricing
Source: CCMBA 2010, 2011 Aggregate Responses (Shanghai, London, Dubai, Delhi, St. Petersburg) from Post Residency Case Study Deliverable.
Agenda
Civilization, Culture, Leadership and GATE
Understanding and Applying Relational Models
Understanding and Applying Cultural Dimensions
Preparing for GATE
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Culture: Defining Cultural Dimensions
Culture is the set of beliefs and values about what is desirable and understandable
in a community of people, and a set of formal or informal practices to
support those values Javidan and House
Cultural Dimensions (CD)
CD Descriptors
Source: Culture Leadership and Organizations, The GLOBE Study
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Activity: US/China Cultural Dimensions
• Form teams of 3-4
• Identify where the US/China vary from Avg.
• Explain rationale for your CD Profile
10m
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Source: Globe Study of 62 Societies, Sage 2004
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US CDs
Source: Globe Study of 62 Societies, Sage 2004
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China’s Cultural Dimensions
CCMBA 2011
CCMBA 2012
Source: CCMBA 2010, 2011 Aggregate Responses (Shanghai) from Blog Pre-Read.
CCMBA 2013
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China CDs
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China, Taiwan, US CDs
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Agenda
Civilization, Culture, Leadership and GATE
Understanding and Applying Relational Models
Understanding and Applying Cultural Dimensions
Preparing for GATE
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China’s Transitions and Tensions
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Societal: Haves and Have-Nots
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Societal: Rural Agrarian Confucianism
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Societal Transition
Over 150 million migrant workers have fled the countryside to live in factory dorms
or shantytowns and subsist on very basic wages and very limited access to health
care. The Chinese lack a social safety net and they feel they must sock away money
for retirement, college fees, and unforeseen health disasters.
 Following the Financial Collapse, is the current economic situation
in China sufficient to quell the social unrest bubbling below the
surface?
 Do the millions of migrant workers still feel that their life in the cities
where they work is better than it was when they lived at home on
the farm?
 Are those who are left at home on the farm feeling increasingly
removed from the economic opportunities in urban areas?
 Is Personal Freedom sufficient for most Chinese citizens or is the
need for Political Freedom increasingly on the rise?
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Political: How to Govern 1.4B People?
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Political: Vertical Democracy?
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Political Transition: Key Questions
Chinese leaders don’t want a country that is so feudal that foreign powers could slice
it up like ripe melon as the Western powers and Japan did in 1800-1900. They also
don’t want to have a system with an untouchable dictator who can manipulate the
population into nearly destroying its social system and economy as Mao did between
1950 and 1975. They also don’t want to deal with Western democratic politics.
Hu Jintao
Xi Jinping
Source: American Progress Institute: China’s Forthcoming Political Transition
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Political Transition: Questions to Consider
 Can China continue to prosper economically without reforming its
Single-Party political system?
 Do the Chinese believe that there needs to be political reform? How
satisfied are they with their current system of government?
 How do the Chinese feel about Autocratic Capitalism or Vertical
Democracy? Would they prefer a Western Democratic System?
 Do the Chinese feel they have a voice in driving bottom up
initiatives as it is described in Vertical Democracy?
 Do the Chinese feel that their Government system is delivering the
desired results? Do they feel that they have recourse if it is not?
 Do the Chinese believe that their system of Government yields more
optimized solutions than a Western Democracy?
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Economic: Great but Unequal Gains
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Economic: Great Gains at What Cost?
We are going to need 4 PLANETS to accommodate the needs of a resurgent china
•
•
•
•
China has only 1/4 of the worlds water supply
Half of China’s rivers too polluted for drinking
136 cities face severe water shortages
Amazon is being cleared by area size of Belgium
each year to supply soya to China
• Country is adding enough electric capacity to power
Spain Each Year
• If China were to consume the same amount of Oil as
the US we would need 3X current production levels
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Economic Transition: Key Questions
China is the fastest growing country in the world. While several hundred million
people have been pulled out of poverty in the past three decades, the gap between
rich and poor is getting larger and larger. The average annual income of a Beijing
resident is $2,263 while a farmer in Qinghai earns $277 annually. Social unrest will
inevitably erupt when the boiling economic kettle settles down to a slow simmer
 Will social unrest explode as a result of the increasing disparity
between rich and poor?
 Do the Chinese believe that the 30 year trend of 10% growth per year
is economically and environmentally sustainable?
 Do the Chinese believe that the Government should be taking a
more balanced approach in driving economic growth while
moderating environmental degradation?
 Are the Chinese concerned about their ability to continue to access
natural resources to fuel their growth? How might their “No
Strings Attached” policies in dealing with trading partners create
negative unanticipated outcomes for the country?
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Tensions Rising?
China’s Premier Wen Jiabao has delivered a strong warning about the “urgent” need
for reforms, without which, tragedies like the Cultural Revolution could still happen
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Processing the Region: Relational Models
• Form a team of 3-4
• Complete the activity below
1. Select at Transition/Tension (S/P/E) to discuss
2. Based on the RM profile, identify the TWO DOMAINS
within the RM profile that best articulate the rootcauses of the tension.
5m
Societal Transition: RMs and Domains
Communal Sharing
Market Pricing
Social Identity and Relational Self
Identity derived from closest and
most enduring personal
relationships
Self defined in terms of
occupation or economic role: how
one earns a living.
Moral Judgment and Ideology
Caring, kindness, altruism,
selfless generosity. Protecting
intimate personal relationships.
Abstract, universal rational
principles based on the utilitarian
criterion.
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Political Transition: RMs and Domains
Authority Ranking
Equality Matching
Decision Making
By authoritative fiat or decree.
Will of the leader is transmitted to
chain of command. Subordinates
obey orders.
One Person, One Vote Election.
Everyone has equal say. Rotating
offices.
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Political Transition: RMs and Domains
Authority Ranking
Market Pricing
Distributive Justice
The higher a person’s rank the
more he or she gets, and the
more choice he or she has.
Subordinates receive less and
get inferior items, often what is
left over.
To each in due proportion. Each
person is allotted a quota
proportionate with some standard
(e.g. Stock Dividends, Royalties,
Benefits, Unemployment Comp.)
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Economic Transition: RMs and Domains
Authority Ranking
Market Pricing
Work
Superiors direct and control the
work of subordinates and control
product of subordinates labor
Work for wage calculated as a
rate per unit of time or output
Reciprocal Exchange
Superiors appropriate or preempt
what they wish, or receive tribute
from inferiors in turn for
protection.
Pay for commodities in return for
what is received as a function of
market prices or utilities
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China: RM Domain Map
Domain
CS
AR
MP
Constitution of Groups
One for all, all for one
Followers of
Charismatic leader
Corporations and Labor
Unions
Social Identity/Self
Close and enduring
personal relationships
Self as revered leader
or loyal follower
Self defined in terms of
occupation/role
Social Influence
Conformity and
Unanimity
Obedience to Authority
Cost and Benefit
Analysis/Incentives
Decision Making
Consensus
Authoritative Fiat
Market Decides
Distributive Justice
Resources as
“Commons”
The higher the rank the
more you get
To each in due
proportion
Reciprocal Exchange
Give what you can take
what you need
Superiors appropriate
or preempt what they
want/Protection
Pay in proportion to
what is received
Work
Everyone pitches in
without keeping track
Superiors direct and
control work
Work for a wage (rate
per unit output)
Motivation
Intimacy motivation
Power motivation
Achievement
Motivation
Cultural Dimension Analysis
Do the Cultural Dimensions provide any insights around the transitions that China is
undergoing today and the tensions that these transitions are creating from a societal,
political and economic perspective?
Processing the Region: Cultural Dimensions
• Form a team of 3-4
• Complete the activity below
1. Select at Transition (S/P/E) to discuss
2. Based on the Transition(s)/Tension(s) you explored,
identify the TWO Cultural Dimensions that best
articulate the root-cause(s) of the tension.
5m
Societal Transition: CDs
Cultural Dimension
In Group Collectivism (5.86)
Power Distance (5.02)
Uncertainty Avoidance (4.81)
Institutional Collectivism (4.67)
Performance Orientation (4.37)
Humane Orientation (4.29)
Assertiveness (3.77)
Future Orientation (3.68)
Gender Egalitarianism (3.03)
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Political Transition: CDs
Cultural Dimension
In Group Collectivism (5.86)
Power Distance (5.02)
Uncertainty Avoidance (4.81)
Institutional Collectivism (4.67)
Performance Orientation (4.37)
Humane Orientation (4.29)
Assertiveness (3.77)
Future Orientation (3.68)
Gender Egalitarianism (3.03)
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Economic Transitions: CDs
Cultural Dimension
In Group Collectivism (5.86)
Power Distance (5.02)
Uncertainty Avoidance (4.81)
Institutional Collectivism (4.67)
Performance Orientation (4.37)
Humane Orientation (4.29)
Assertiveness (3.77)
Future Orientation (3.68)
Gender Egalitarianism (3.03)
42
Activity: Preparing for Gate
• Form teams of 3-4 (GATE Locations)
• Identify CDs that have high variability
• What can you do to prepare for this?
Source: Globe Study of 62 Societies
10m
43
Examining GATE Experience
ICE
Individual
Predispositions
GATE
Relational
Interactions
RM
Cultural
Dimensions
CD
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GATE Assignment
Prepare and submit a 600 word paper
that answers the following questions:
 Describe a cultural encounter you experienced
during the GATE trip that you perceived to be
particularly unique or significant.
 Describe why people from this region might
view what you perceived to be unique or
significant as regular or normal in their culture
 Use your ICE Profile, the Relational Model
Framework and the Cultural Dimensions to
explain the difference between your perception
and the regional reality.
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GATE Course Commons
China: https://cebeapps.fuqua.duke.edu/coursecommons/index.jsp?topic=1300
South Africa: https://cebeapps.fuqua.duke.edu/coursecommons/index.jsp?topic=1303
SE Asia: https://cebeapps.fuqua.duke.edu/coursecommons/index.jsp?topic=1304
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GATE Journal Reviews (3)
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Additional Reading
The Rise and Fall of Civilizations:
https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/blog/2011/06/27/the-rise-and-fall-of-civilizations/
Defining and Categorizing Culture:
https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/blog/2010/07/15/defining-and-categorizing-culture/
Social Relational Models:
https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/blog/2010/07/15/civilizations-and-relational-models-theory/
The Globe Project and Cultural Dimensions:
https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/blog/2010/07/15/the-globe-project-cultural-dimensions/
China: Facts, History, Societal, Political and Economic Transitions:
https://cclblog2012.fuqua.duke.edu/china/
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