Anthropology
Experience
Cultural Anthropology
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Before Fieldwork
Research Question
Research Design
Implementation
Funding
Permits
Visas
Language Training
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Participant Observation
Positives
Problems
Access the Emic
Language
Determine Actual
Behavior
Lies
Develop Rapport
Culture Shock
Biculturalism
Hawthorne Effect
Ethics
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Subsistence Strategy
How a culture gets its food may effect:
Group Size
Sedentism
Economy
Political Structure
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Food Collecting
Foraging or Hunting/ Gathering
Small Societies
Seasonal Nomadism
Use Rights
Egalitarian
Balanced Delayed Reciprocity
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Food Producing
Horticulture
Relying on small gardens + foraging
Sedentary Populations
Larger Societies
Ranked Social Structure
Economies of Surplus
Big Man/ Achieved Status
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Food Producing
Pastoralism
At least 50% subsistence from herd
animals
Eg. Cows, goats, reindeer
Larger, more sedentary groups than
foragers
Rely on trade
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Food Producing
Agriculture
Large-scale domestication of plants and
animals
Irrigation, machine and animal labor,
fertilizers
Huge surplus
Large, complex societies
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Kinship
Relationships based on genetics
(consanguinal) or marriage (affinal)
Fictive Kin
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Kinship Terminology
Distinctions:
Affinity
Side of Family
Sex of Linking Relative
Gender, Age, Generation
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Kinship Terminology
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Kinship Terminology
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Kinship Terminology
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Kinship Terminology
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Kinship Terminology
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Kinship Terminology
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Descent
What Descends?
Wealth
Property
Name
Status
Customs
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Descent
Types:
Bilateral
Ambilineal
Double
Unilineal
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Unilineal Descent
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Unilineal Descent
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Marriage
A ritualized union of
people creating kin.
Alliances
Children
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Types of Marriage
Polygamy
Monogamy
Polygyny
Polyandry
(fraternal)
Serial
Monogamy
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Marriage and Exchange
Dowry
Bride Price
Bride Service
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Sex vs. Gender
Sex
Gender
Biological
Cultural
Hormones
Shared ideas
Genetalia
Based on the sexes
Genetics
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Elements of Gender
Gender Ideology
Genderlects
Division of Labor
Sexual Dimorphism
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Gender Asymmetry
Differentiation
+
Evaluation
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Religion
A Worldview involving beliefs and
actions related to supernatural beings
and forces.
A culture’s shared ideas and
assumptions about the emicly defined
universe and its cause.
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Magic
Methods associated with the
attempt to manipulate the
supernatural world.
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Types of Supernaturals
Animistic
Zoomorphic
Anthropomorphic
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Mythology: Narrative stories of supernatural
forces and how they relate to the world
Doctrine: A religion’s codified ideas about
the universe and often the resulting
code of behavior
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Types of Cults
Individualistic
One-on-one interface with the
supernatural
Shamanistic
Part time religious specialists
Altered states of consciousness
Ecclesiastical
Full time clergy
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Ritual
Repeated, predictable behavior
associated with the shared ideas and
assumptions of a people.
Tooth brushing
Catholic Mass
Greetings
Weddings
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Rites of Passage
Rituals of Transformation
Child to adult
Bachelor to husband
Civilian to soldier
Three Stages
Separation
Transformation
Reintegration
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