Civil Rights
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
Separate, but Equal is…
Little Rock
Emmitt Till
Rosa Parks
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
NAACP and Thurgood Marshall’s role
Matthew Eng: Brown Vs. Board of Ed, Little Rock
Little Rock
 In 1957 nine African American kids participated in the desegregation of the
Little Rock Central High School
 They would be known as the Little Rock Nine
 Sparked a nationwide crisis when Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus defied a
court order and sent the Arkansas National Guard to stop them
 President Dwight D. Eisenhower responded by federalizing the National
Guard and sent in units of the 101st Airborne Division to escort them into the
school
 After the event the Little Rock School Board created a plan for gradual
desegregation called the Blossom Plan
http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=723
Brown vs. Board of Ed
 The name Brown vs. Board of Ed was given from 5 separate court cases
concerning segregation in schools
 Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP handled these cases
 Marshall stated that the segregation of whites and blacks in schools was
against the “Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment
 Eventually wide spread integration in the south was achieved in the 60’s and
70’s
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html
http://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/get-involved/federal-courtactivities/brown-board-education-re-enactment/history.aspx
Anthony Vezza: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, Rosa Parks, Emmit Till
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
- Leader of the Civil Rights movement
- Used non-violent resistance during protests
- Was a Baptist Minister for a church in Montgomery Alabama. (1954)
- President of the M.I.A (Montgomery Improvement Association. (1955)
- Lead the bus boycott on Montgomery Public transportation after Rosa Parks
incident. (1955)
- Became civil rights leader after the bus boycott. (1956)
- Becomes president of Christian Leadership Conference (1960)
- “I Have a Dream” speech gave on August 28 , 1963. It was held at the Lincoln
Memorial where more than 250,000 people watched the speech.
- Was there when Lyndon B. Johnson when he signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
- Won Nobel Peace Prize (1964)
- Assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, by James Earl Ray.
Rosa Parks
- On December 1 1955, Rosa Parks refused to get up out of her seat so a white
person could sit in her seat.
- The bus driver had her arrested for her actions.
- The Civil Rights movement launched a boycott on the Montgomery buses. (The
bus company that the bus belonged to that Rosa Parks was on)
- The segregation on buses eventually became unconstitutional.
- Rosa Park’s acts defeated the racist system making her known as “the mother of
the civil rights movement.”
Emmit Till
- Emmit Tilll was a young African American boy who was living in Money,
Mississppi with his Great Uncle for the summer of 1955.
- He was kidnapped by Roy Bryant and J.W Milam who brutally beated him and
shot him the head. This was over Emmet whistling at Carolyn Bryant (Roy’s wife)
- They were both arrested on kidnapping charges.
- Police eventually found the body in the Tallahatchie River.
- The jury during the trial of both men acquitted the charges.
th
st
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/bhmheroes1.html
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/till/timeline/timeline2.html
http://www.cnn.com/2013/01/17/us/martin-luther-king-jr-fast-facts/
Harry O: NAACP, Thurgood Marshall’s role, Bus Boycott
 NAACP stand for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People and they fight for the civil rights of colored people
 The Montgomery Bus Boycott consisted of angry bus drivers who went on
strike after the city authorities refused to arrest T.J. Jemison. It ended when
the mayor decided to only reserve the first 2 rows for whites and the last 2
rows for blacks. Blacks had to pay at the front of the bus and enter through
the back of the bus.
 Thurgood Marshall’s role in
Script for Imovie:
Ever since the late 1800’s African Americans have been fighting for civil rights and
equality till the 1970’s.
During the 1950’s the Civil Right movement really took a stand against segregation
One of the first event during the mid 1950’s really sparked the movement was the
Rosa Parks incident
- On December 1 1955, Rosa Parks refused to get up out of her seat so a white
person could sit in her seat.
- The bus driver had her arrested for her actions.
- The Civil Rights movement launched a boycott on the Montgomery buses. (The
bus company that the bus belonged to that Rosa Parks was on)
- The leader of the boycott on the Montgomery buses was the Civil Rights
leader, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
st
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
- Was a Baptist Minister for a church in Montgomery Alabama
- He used non-violent resistance during protests
- His “I Have a Dream” speech was given on August 28 , 1963. It was held at the
Lincoln Memorial where more than 250,000 people watched the speech.
- The NAACP awarded King with the Spinguard Metal
th
NAACP
- NAACP stand for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People who fought for the civil rights of colored people
- They assisted Thurgood Marshal in court cases to African Americans in court
One of the most well known they worked on was Brown vs. Board of Education



The name Brown vs. Board of Ed was given from 5 separate court cases
concerning segregation in schools
It was stated that the segregation of whites and blacks in schools was against
the “Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment
Eventually wide spread integration in the south was achieved in the 60’s and
70’s
One school incident in particular sparked media attention in the town of Little Rock
Arkansas





In 1957 nine African American kids participated in the desegregation of the
Little Rock Central High School
They would be known as the Little Rock Nine
Sparked a nationwide crisis when Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus defied a
court order and sent the Arkansas National Guard to stop them
President Dwight D. Eisenhower responded by federalizing the National
Guard and sent in units of the 101st Airborne Division to escort them into the
school
After the event the Little Rock School Board created a plan for gradual
desegregation called the Blossom Plan
However not all the cases were justified
- In 1955 a African American boy named Emmett Till lived with his Uncle in Money,
Mississippi.
- He was kidnapped by Roy Bryant and J.W Milam who brutally beat him and shot
him in the head for hitting on his wife, Carolyn Bryant
- They were both arrested on kidnapping charges.
- Police eventually found the body in the Tallahatchie River.
- The jury during the trial of both men acquitted the charges.
Overall the 1950’s was a threshold for many important Civil Rights movement
victories in the later decade
Politics
Dwight Eisenhower (Hint-how does it relate to Civil Rights?)
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Eisenhower served in WWI as a lieutenant, then in WWII as commander of
allied forces in Europe, where he was an essential part of the liberation of
Europe. Afterwards, he became Military Governor in Germany and Army
Chief of Staff, then Nato Supreme Commander, then, in 1952, became
President of the U.S.
Was pres from jan 20 1953- jan 20 1961...34th president
Eisenhower and the civil right acts: Eisenhower backed the Civil Rights Act of
1957 and the Civil Rights Act of 1960. The former created a permanent Civil
Rights Commission, as well as a Civil Rights Division within the Justice
Department aimed at combating efforts to deny blacks the vote. The latter
granted the federal courts the authority to register black voters.
 Eisenhower- When Eisenhower (a Republican) was elected as President,
people waited for him to condemn McCarthy. Eisenhower's response, “don't
get in a pissing match with a skunk.”
General Dwight D. Eisenhower was the commander of the NATO forces.
1952 Election-Eisenhower runs and says, “I will go to Korea.”
Richard Nixon- Republican
Vice Presidents during his presidency: Gerald Ford, Spiro Agnew
37th Pres of the U.S. First elected to presidency in 1968. Served from 1969 to 1974
Starting with Pres Lyndon Johnsons decision not to run a second time, the campaign
of that year reflected the uncertainty and turmoil that gripped much of the nation
-In the Spring, Martin Leuther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis
-In June, Senator Robert Kennedy was shot and killed after his victory in the
California democratic primary
-Nixons eventual opponent was Hubert Humphrey
-After the dust settled, Richard Nixon was the last contender standing
-By the time Richord Nixon stepped in front of a television, he faced a divided nation:
War raged in Vietnam, and American soldiers were dying...people predicted that the
activists would not stop until they brought the president down
-Nixon created a policy of gradual withdrawal from Vietnam, which was supported
-Nixon presented his address to the people on national television. In it he outlined
the situation with Vietnam
-Nixon became a national celebrity because of the case, but liberal commentators
scorned him.
-Nixons retirement lasted 6 years.
·
Eisenhower and Nixon as President and Vice-President (what did
they accomplish?)
-Nixon’s first major clash with the press was when he ran as Dwight D. Eisenhower’s
vice presidential running mate. To avoid being dumped my Eisenhower, Nixon
turned the media against itself on nation-wide television.
Extra:
Truman creates the fair deal to replace the new deal and start the fight for civil
rights..which was Truman’s plan to combat the Republican Congress’ weakening of
the New Deal. (1953)
The beginning of our involvement in Vietnam
After Ho Chi Minh founded the democratic republic of Vietnam in 1945, the United
States pledged $15 million worth of military aid to France to help them fight in
Vietnam. In 1954, the French suffer a decisive defeat at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu,
and the Geneva Accords creates a cease-fire for the peaceful withdrawal of the
French from Vietnam and provided a temporary boundary between North and South
Vietnam at the 17th parallel. The next year, South Vietnam declared itself the
Republic of Vietnam, with newly elected Ngo Dinh Diem as president.
Kefauver Committee (and Organized Crime)
In May 1950, at the very moment that Senator Joseph McCarthy was beginning his
crusade against communist subversion, the U.S. Senate created a special
committee to investigate another "enemy within": organized crime.While failing to
produce effective crime-fighting legislation The Kefauver Committee lead the Special
Rackets Squad of the FBI to launch 46,000 investigations and help defeat proposals
to legalize gambling in Arizona, California, Massachusetts, and Montana.
Elections of 1952 (Checkers Speech) and 1956
-Nixons address of September 23, 1952
-A textbook exercise in manipulation
-Nixon delivered an overwrought accounting for his personal finances. The whole
thing was very dramatic.
-He explained that his wife did not have a decent coat, only one of a “respectable
Republican cloth coat”
-He said that one gift he had received was a cocker spaniel named Checkers, whom
his children loved. “Regardless of what they say about it” Nixon said “We’re going to
keep him.”
-This was viewed by over 60 million people, the largest television audience ever.
Pro-Nixon telegrams barraged Eisenhower, and the two Republicans triumphed in
November. Nixon's next major television appearance did not bring such positive
results.
The Space Race
During the Cold war, The US and Soviets Fought for supremacy in spaceflight
capability.
Starting when both sides began building rockets capable of taking objects into
space.
Works Cited:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/nixon-politics/Nixon’s Presidency and Checkers speech
http://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/space-race/ -Space Race
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3421
-Kefauver Committee
Technological Advances
Inventions to make life easier
Fill in the invention that goes with the year and write one fact
 1950:
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1951: super glue:
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1951: power steering:
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1952: bar code:
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1954: solar battery:
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1954: polypropylene:
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1956:
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New Technology

What year did Charles Ginsburg invent the video tape recorder?
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What is a transistor radio?

Why was a black box so useful?
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What did the solar cell do?
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Alexander Graham Bell invented the _____________
Computer Modems were used to communicate data over the public switched
telephone network. The first commercial modem was manufactured by
______________
Who were the two people that invented the integrated circuit?
1st light laser invented by Gordon Gould
Copy Machine makes paper copies of documents and other visual images
____________and __________. Used in business, education, and
government.
___________________________________________________________________
_________
The Dawn Of The Space Race

What was the key objective of starting the space race in the United States.
What was America trying to prove? (List three examples)

On October 4th, 1957, what world power had the first artificial satellite that
was man-made object to be placed into Earth`s orbit, and what was the
satellites name?
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What was the name of the Soviets space probes name that landed on the
moon?

On May 5th, who was the first astronaut in America to go into space, but not
into orbit?

On January 31st, 1958, what was the name of America`s satellite that had
completely changed the tides of the space race?
1.)
2.)
3.)

Who technically “won” the space race? Was it the Soviet Union or the United
States of America, state your reason why they won the space race first.
___________________________________________________________________
_________
Medical Advances (Polio Scare/Vaccines/DNA)
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The first cardiac pacemaker is developed to control irregular heartbeat.
o By who? ___________ What year? _________
DNA molecule structure is studied and described.
o By who? ___________ What year? _________
The first kidney transplant is performed upon two twins.
o By who? ___________ What year? _________
The first artificial heart is implanted in a dog.
o By who? ___________ What year? _________

Describe polio

Describe Jonas Salk’s way of killing the polio virus

Why was Salk’s vaccination unsuccessful?

Albert Sabin
o What did he do regarding the polio epidemic?
___________________________________________________________________
_________
Developments in transportation
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Congress passes the Federal-Aid Highway Act
o What did President Eisenhower authorize when signing the FederalAid Highway Act?
How did engineers design the roadways?
Airports expand
o People are able to get where they want to go when they want to go
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