The Thirteen Colonies
13 Colonies Founding Facts
Regions of the 13 Colonies
Thirteen Colonies by Year Established
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Virginia – 1607
Massachusetts – 1620
New Hampshire – 1623
Maryland – 1634
Connecticut – 1635
Rhode Island – 1636
Delaware – 1638
North Carolina – 1653
South Carolina – 1663
New Jersey – 1664
New York - 1664
Pennsylvania - 1682
Georgia - 1732
Southern Colonies
• Virginia (1607) – First permanent English settlement in
the New World.
• Maryland (1634) - Colony established for escaping
Catholics.
• North Carolina (1653) – Established to prevent the
Spanish from moving northward.
• South Carolina (1663) – Established to prevent the
Spanish from moving northward and allowed growing of
different crops.
• Georgia (1732) – Established as a safe haven of debtors,
the poor and unfortunate.
Middle Colonies
• Delaware (1638) – the lower parts of
Pennsylvania.
• New York (1664) – colony given to Duke of York
by his brother King Charles II after the land was
taken from the Dutch.
• New Jersey (1664) – colony given to Lord
Berkeley and George Caveret by the Duke of York.
• Pennsylvania (1682) – colony established as a
safe haven for the Quakers.
New England Colonies (North)
• Massachusetts (1620) – Colony established by Puritans
looking for religious freedom from England.
• New Hampshire (1623) – established by John Mason
and John Wheelwright as a fishing colony.
• Connecticut (1636) – colony founded by Thomas
Hooker looking for an escape from the Massachusetts
Bay Colony.
• Rhode Island (1636) – colony founded by Roger
Williams who was banished from Massachusetts Bay
Colony for protesting separation of church and state.
Colonists in New England Colonies…
• The Puritans and Separatists
• The Puritans were English people who
complained about the Anglican Church with
all their Catholic practices and traditions.
They wanted a “purer” kind of church.
• The Separatists were Puritans who separated
themselves and started separate churches of
their own. This group of people were also
known as Pilgrims.
Economic Activities of the New
England Colonies…..
• Small farms and long distance trade.
• Did not rely heavily on local crops. They
conducted “carrying trade” in which they carried
crops and goods from one place to another.
• They hauled china, books, and cloth from England
to the West Indies in the Caribbean and received
sugar where it was distilled into rum. In return
they traded rum to West Africa for slaves and
firearms. (Triangular Trade)
Explain Triangular Trade
• Trade between three points in the Atlantic
World.
• Trade was conducted between the Americas,
Europe and Africa.
• ***Middle Passage – longest and most
gruesome leg of the Triangular Trade route
for Africans.
Group of colonists who settled in
Middle Colonies……
• These settlers came from several countries.
• Holland, Sweden, France, Germany and of
course England.
• The Dutch came and settled New York.
• The English forced the Dutch out and renamed
New York from New Amsterdam
Economic activities of the Middle
Colonies
• Mixture of farming and commerce.
• They specialized in growing grains, oats, wheat
barley and rye.
Freedom of Press
• In 1734, a printer and publisher named John
Peter Zenger published for the New York
Journal for publishing libelous (false) stories
critical of the governor of New York.
• Zenger’s lawyer argued that if the stories were
true then they could not be considered libel.
• Zenger won the case, a landmark victory for
freedom of press in America.
Southern Colonies settlers…..
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Jamestown was settle with goals of finding riches.
They were in search of the Northwest Passage.
Englishmen wanted new markets.
English believed that their homeland was becoming too
crowded.
• Maryland was settled for those Catholics escaping religious
persecution in England.
• The Carolinas were established as buffer colonies to keep the
Spanish from invading the other English colonies.
• Georgia was established as a haven for debtors
Economic activities of the Southern
Colonies
• Economy was based on staple crops. These
were crops that were in constant demand.
• In Virginia and North Carolina the staple crop
was tobacco.
• In South Carolina and Georgia the crop was
rice.