Transport Industry
Overview
About sustainable transport system
Transport
Driving involves
controlling a
vehicle, usually a
motor vehicle such
as a truck, bus, or
automobile. For
motorcycles,
bicycles and
animals, it is called
riding.
Shipping,
transporting of
goods and cargo, by
land, sea, and air
Travel, movement
of people, by land,
sea, and air
Transport or transportation is the
movement of people, animals and goods from
one location to another.
 Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water,
cable, pipeline and space. The field can be
divided into infrastructure, vehicles and
operations. Transport is important since it
enables trade between people, which in turn
establishes civilizations.
 Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed
installations necessary for transport, including
roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals
and pipelines and terminals such as airports,
railway stations, bus stations, warehouses,
trucking terminals, refueling depots (including
fueling docks and fuel stations) and seaports.
Terminals may be used both for interchange of
passengers and cargo and for maintenance.
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Elements
1 Infrastructure
2 Vehicles
3 Operation
Function
1 Passenger
2 Freight
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Vehicles traveling on these networks may include
automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people,
helicopters and aircraft. Operations deal with the way
the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for
this purpose including financing, legalities and policies.
In the transport industry, operations and ownership of
infrastructure can be either public or private, depending
on the country and mode.
Passenger transport may be public, where operators
provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport
has become focused on containerization, although bulk
transport is used for large volumes of durable items.
Transport plays an important part in economic growth
and globalization, but most types cause air pollution
and use large amounts of land. While it is heavily
subsidized by governments, good planning of transport
is essential to make traffic flow and restrain urban
sprawl
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Sustainable transport refers to the broad subject of transport that is or
approaches being sustainable. It includes vehicles, energy, infrastructure, roads,
railways, airways, waterways, canals, pipelines, and terminals. Transport operations
and logistics as well as transit-oriented development are involved. Transportation
sustainability is largely being measured by transportation system effectiveness and
efficiency as well as the environmental impacts of the system.[1]
Short-term activity often promotes incremental improvement in fuel efficiency and
vehicle emissions controls while long-term goals include migrating transportation
from fossil-based energy to other alternatives such as renewable energy and use of
other renewable resources. The entire life cycle of transport systems is subject to
sustainability measurement and optimization.[2]
Sustainable transport systems make a positive contribution to the environmental,
social and economic sustainability of the communities they serve. Transport systems
exist to provide social and economic connections, and people quickly take up the
opportunities offered by increased mobility.[3] The advantages of increased mobility
need to be weighed against the environmental, social and economic costs that
transport systems pose
Sustainable transport
Impact
Transport systems have significant impacts on the
environment, accounting for between 20% and
25% of world energy consumption and carbon
dioxide emissions.[4] Greenhouse gas emissions
from transport are increasing at a faster rate than
any other energy using sector.[5] Road transport is
also a major contributor to local air pollution and
smog
 The social costs of transport include road crashes,
air pollution, physical inactivity,[7] time taken away
from the family while commuting and vulnerability
to fuel price increases. Many of these negative
impacts fall disproportionately on those social
groups who are also least likely to own and drive
cars.[8] Traffic congestion imposes economic costs
by wasting people's time and by slowing the
delivery of goods and services.
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5 Impact
5.1 Economic
5.2 Planning
5.3
Environment
Traditional transport planning aims to improve mobility, especially
for vehicles, and may fail to adequately consider wider impacts.
But the real purpose of transport is access - to work, education,
goods and services, friends and family - and there are proven
techniques to improve access while simultaneously reducing
environmental and social impacts, and managing traffic
congestion.[9]
 the environmental impacts of transport systems include traffic
congestion and automobile-oriented urban sprawl, which can
consume natural habitat and agricultural lands. By reducing
transportation emissions globally, it is predicted that there will be
significant positive effects on Earth's air quality, acid rain, smog
and climate chang
 Communities which are successfully improving the sustainability
of their transport networks are doing so as part of a wider
programme of creating more vibrant, livable, sustainable cities.
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Transport is a key component of growth and globalization, such as in Seattle,
Washington, United States
Transport is a key necessity for specialization—allowing production and
consumption of products to occur at different locations. Transport has
throughout history been a spur to expansion; better transport allows more
trade and a greater spread of people. Economic growth has always been
dependent on increasing the capacity and rationality of transport.[26] But the
infrastructure and operation of transport has a great impact on the land and is
the largest drainer of energy, making transport sustainability a major issue.
Modern society dictates a physical distinction between home and work, forcing
people to transport themselves to places of work or study, as well as to
temporarily relocate for other daily activities. Passenger transport is also the
essence of tourism, a major part of recreational transport. Commerce requires
the transport of people to conduct business, either to allow face-to-face
communication for important decisions or to move specialists from their
regular place of work to sites where they are needed.
Economic
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Transport planning allows for high utilization and less
impact regarding new infrastructure. Using models of
transport forecasting, planners are able to predict future
transport patterns. On the operative level, logistics allows
owners of cargo to plan transport as part of the supply
chain. Transport as a field is studied through transport
economics, the backbone for the creation of regulation
policy by authorities. Transport engineering, a subdiscipline of civil engineering, and must take into account
trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice and route
assignment, while the operative level is handled through
traffic engineering.
The engineering of this roundabout in Bristol, United
Kingdom, attempts to make traffic flow free-moving
Planning
Transport is a major use of energy and burns most of the world's
petroleum. This creates air pollution, including nitrous oxides and
particulates, and is a significant contributor to global warming
through emission of carbon dioxide,[27] for which transport is the
fastest-growing emission sector.[28] By subsector, road transport is
the largest contributor to global warming.[29] Environmental
regulations in developed countries have reduced individual
vehicles' emissions; however, this has been offset by increases in
the numbers of vehicles and in the use of each vehicle.[27] Some
pathways to reduce the carbon emissions of road vehicles
considerably have been studied.[30][31] Energy use and emissions
vary largely between modes, causing environmentalists to call for
a transition from air and road to rail and human-powered
transport, as well as increased transport electrification and
energy efficiency.
 Traffic congestion persists in São Paulo, Brazil despite the nodrive days based on license numbers.
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Environment
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Sustainable transport refers to the broad
subject of transport that is or approaches
being sustainable. It includes vehicles,
energy, infrastructure, roads, railways,
airways, waterways, canals, pipelines, and
terminals. Transport operations and logistics
as well as transit-oriented development are
involved. Transportation sustainability is
largely being measured by transportation
system effectiveness and efficiency as well as
the environmental impacts of the system.[1]
Short-term activity often promotes
incremental improvement in fuel efficiency
and vehicle emissions controls while longterm goals include migrating transportation
from fossil-based energy to other
alternatives such as renewable energy and
use of other renewable resources. The entire
life cycle of transport systems is subject to
sustainability measurement and
optimization.[2]
Sustainable
transport
Includes
Carbon neutral fuel
Electric vehicle
Green vehicle
Plug-in hybrid
Road traffic safety
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Sustainable transport systems make a
positive contribution to the environmental,
social and economic sustainability of the
communities they serve. Transport systems
exist to provide social and economic
connections, and people quickly take up the
opportunities offered by increased mobility.[3]
The advantages of increased mobility need to
be weighed against the environmental, social
and economic costs that transport systems
pose
The term sustainable transport came into
use as a logical follow-on from sustainable
development, and is used to describe modes
of transport, and systems of transport
planning, which are consistent with wider
concerns of sustainability. There are many
definitions of the sustainable transport, and
of the related terms sustainable
transportation and sustainable
mobility.[10] One such definition, from the
European Union Council of Ministers of
Transport, defines a sustainable
transportation system as one that:
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Aspects of sustainable
transport: Transportation
demand management
Allows the basic access and development needs of individuals,
companies and society to be met safely and in a manner
consistent with human and ecosystem health, and promotes
equity within and between successive generations.
 Is Affordable, operates fairly and efficiently, offers a choice of
transport mode, and supports a competitive economy, as well as
balanced regional development.
 Limits emissions and waste within the planet’s ability to absorb
them, uses renewable resources at or below their rates of
generation, and uses non-renewable resources at or below the
rates of development of renewable substitutes, while minimizing
the impact on the use of land and the generation of noise.
 Sustainability extends beyond just the operating efficiency and
emissions. A Life-cycle assessment involves production and postuse considerations. A cradle-to-cradle design is more important
than a focus on a single factor such as energy efficiency
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Environmentally sustainable transport
Transport and social sustainability
Cities and sustainable transport
Sustainable transport policies and
governance
Sustainable transport toolbox
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Sustainable transport toolbox
Clean fuels and vehicles
Hybrid Vehicles
Sailing ships
Biodiesel
Biogas/CNG
Electric Vehicles
LPG
Hydrogen vehicle
Human-powered
transport
Animal-powered
transport
Sustainable (green) transport
infrastructure
greenways and foreshoreways
Bikeways
Busways
Railways
Access restrictions Access
management / Enforcement
Car Restricted Zones /Living
Streets
Multifunctional areas
Parking Management
Pedestrian zone
Traffic calming / Speed
reduction
Sustainable transport toolbox
Integrated pricing
Accessible transport systems
strategies Congestion
Paratransit
pricing
Bus rapid transit
Integrated ticketing
Quality of service
Parking Management
Security, including
Collective passenger
Transit police
transport Public transport Travel information
Bus services
Public transport timetable
Rail transport
journey planner
Intermodal transfers
Integrated ticketing
Less car intensive lifestyle
Marketing
Car pooling
Park & Ride
Car sharing
Demand responsive
Car/ driver licence exit
transport
strategies
Cycling
Bike sharing
Sustainable transport
Soft measures
Travel plan
Walking school bus
Travel blending
Personalised travel plan
toolbox
Sustainable Freight Transport
Clean vehicles / clean fleet
Intermodal freight transport
Dry port
Fleet management
Route planning
Transport management Transportation management
Transportation demand
system
management
Transit oriented
development
Walkability
New urbanism and New
pedestrianism
TDM Toolbox
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Transportation demand management, traffic demand
management or travel demand management (all
TDM) is the application of strategies and policies to reduce
travel demand (specifically that of single-occupancy private
vehicles), or to redistribute this demand in space or in
time.[1][2]
In transport as in any network, managing demand can be a
cost-effective alternative to increasing capacity. A demand
management approach to transport also has the potential
to deliver better environmental outcomes, improved public
health, stronger communities, and more prosperous and
livable cities. TDM techniques link with and support
community movements for sustainable transport.
Transportation demand
management
That demand for travel needs to be
managed by:
 Expanding the supply and availability of
(more sustainable) alternatives;
 Controlling demand for the use
unsustainable modes;
 Providing incentives and rewards for
undertaking sustainable travel habits; and
 Imposing full-cost pricing on the use of
the automobile.
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Transportation management associations: leverage
public and private funds to increase the use of
ridesharing and other commuting options that reduce
traffic congestion and improve air quality Including or
improving pedestrian-oriented design elements, such
as short pedestrian crossings, wide sidewalks and
street trees.
 Requiring users of parking to pay the costs directly,
as opposed to sharing the costs indirectly with others
through increased rents and tax subsidies. Including
and improving public transportation infrastructure,
such as subway entrances, bus stops and routes.
 Subsidizing transit costs for employees or residents.
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Demand management toolbox
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Bicycle-friendly facilities and environments,
including secure bike storage areas and showers.
See Bicycle transportation engineering
Providing active transportation (AT) facilities
including bike lanes and multi-use trails.
Providing traveler information tools, including
intelligent transportation system improvements,
mobile and social applications, wayfinding tools,
and other methods for promoting non-SOV
modes
Flex-time work schedules with employers to
reduce congestion at peak times Road pricing
tolls during peak hours.
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Road space rationing by restricting travel based
on license plate number, at certain times and
places. Workplace travel plans
Roadspace reallocation, aiming to re-balance
provision between private cars which often
predominate due to high spatial allocations for
roadside parking, and for sustainable modes.
Time, distance and place (TDP) road pricing,
where road users are charged based on when,
where and how much they drive. Some
transportation experts believe TDP pricing is an
integral part of the next generation in
transportation demand management
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Sustainable transport systems go hand in hand with low emissions
development and livable cities. Mexico City’s success has proven that
developing cities can achieve this, and we expect many Asian cities to
follow suit, ” says Sophie Punte, Executive Director of Clear Air Asia.
International committee of transportation and development experts,
awarded Mexico City the 2013 Sustainable Transport Award for its
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, cycling and walking infrastructure,
parking program, and revitalization of public space. –
Bremen, Germany for sophisticated car sharing and non-motorized
transport programs, leading to 60 percent of trips being made by
cycling or walking. The honorable mention award was accepted by
Michael Goltz-Richter, Senior Project Manager,
Lviv, Ukraine for overall improvements to public transport, walking,
cycling, and traffic calming for the EURO2012 soccer championship.
The honorable mention award was accepted by journalist and activist
Myroslava Gongadze -
Award-winning transport system
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• Lviv, Ukraine for overall improvements to public
transport, walking, cycling, and traffic calming for the
EURO2012 soccer championship. The honorable mention
award was accepted by journalist and activist Myroslava
Gongadze –
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for the launch of Rio’s first worldclass BRT corridor, Transoeste, and expansion of cycle
sharing. The honorable mention award was accepted
Joaquim Monteiro de Carvalho, Under Secretary of
Transport. - See more at:
The award-winning transport system in Guangzhou, in
south China's Guangdong province, includes not only Bus
Rapid Transit but wide, tree-lined bicycle lanes and a tie-in
to the large city's rail network.
The most respected experts and organizations working
internationally on sustainable transportation. The Committee
includes:  Institute for Transportation and Development Policy
• EMBARQ, The World Resources Institute Center for Sustainable
Transport
• GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit)
• Clean Air Asia
• Clean Air Institute
• United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD)
• Transport Research Laboratory
• EcoMobility, Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI)
• Transport Research Board’s Transportation in the Developing
Countries Committee (ABE90) - See more at:
http://www.itdp.org/news/mexico-city-wins-2013-sustainabletransport-award#sthash.ZosbapQ7.dpuf
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The Institute for Transportation and Development
Policy (ITDP) Committee includes