CP PHYSICS
FINAL EXAM REVIEW – Fall 2013
Name: __________________________
____ period
1.
What are scalar quantities? Give examples.
2.
What are vector quantities? Give examples.
3.
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
4.
One car travels east for 250 m over a period of 50 seconds. A second car travels west for
125 m over a period of 25 seconds. What is true about their speeds? their velocities?
5.
What does the slope of a position time graph represent?
6.
Explain what each of the following position time graphs shows regarding an object’s motion.
7.
What does the slope of a velocity time graph represent?
8.
Explain what each of the following velocity time graphs shows regarding an object’s motion.
9.
Use the position time graph below to answer the following questions.
a.
What type of motion does the object have?
b.
What is the instantaneous velocity at t = 5.0 s?
c.
What is the average velocity between t = 5.0 s
and t = 10.0 s?
CP PHYSICS, FINAL EXAM REVIEW – Fall 2013, page 2
10. Use the position time graph below to answer the following questions.
a.
What is the velocity of the object at t = 2.0 s?
b.
What is the velocity of the object at t = 5.0 s?
c.
What is the velocity of the object at t = 9.0 s?
11. How do you find displacement from a velocity-time graph?
12. Use the velocity time graph below to answer the following questions.
a.
What is the displacement of the object in the first
ten seconds?
b.
What is the displacement of the object between
t = 15 s and t = 25 s?
13. A motorcyclist traveling at 12 m/s accelerates at a constant rate of 2.5 m/s 2 for 4.0 s. What
distance did the motorcyclist travel while he was accelerating?
14. A driver is stopped at a red light. When the light turns green, she accelerates at a rate of
1.8 m/s2 for 8.5 s. How fast is she driving at the end of the acceleration period?
15. A semi truck accelerates at 0.64 m/s2 over a distance of 125 m and reaches a velocity of
17 m/s. What was the truck’s initial velocity?
16. Find the resultant force vector of two forces acting on an object – 25 N, south and 45 N,
west.
CP PHYSICS, FINAL EXAM REVIEW – Fall 2013, page 3
17. What is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth? What sign does it always have? Why?
18. Ignoring air resistance, does a heavier object fall faster than a lighter object? Explain.
19. A ping pong ball moving at a speed of 0.85 m/s rolls off a 0.95 m table. How far away from
the table does the ball land?
20. A soccer ball rolls over the edge of a cliff with a velocity of 1.4 m/s. If the cliff is 67 m high,
how far away does land from the base of the cliff below.
21. Use the following diagram of a projectile launched at an angle to answer the following questions:
a
a.
What relationship do vx and vy have?
b.
What value does the vy have at the
highest point in the trajectory?
c.
What value does gravity throughout
the trajectory?
22. What are Newton’s three laws of motion?
23. What determines the amount of inertia in an object?
24. Does an object moving in a straight line at a constant speed have no forces acting on it?
Explain.
25. Explain why you keep moving forward if you crash your motorcycle into a guard rail.
CP PHYSICS, FINAL EXAM REVIEW – Fall 2013, page 4
26. What happens to the acceleration of an object if more force is applied? if the mass increases?
27. What is meant by the net force that acts on an object? Which way will the object accelerate?
28. If the forces exerted on an object are 50 N in one direction and 30 N in the opposite direction,
what is the net force exerted on the object?
29. Forces of 10 N and 20 N in the same direction act on an object. What is the net force on the
object?
30. What is the net force acting on a 120 kg mass that is accelerated at 1.3 m/s2?
31. What is the mass of an object that experiences a constant net force of 380 N while it is
accelerated at 5.5 m/s2?
32. What is the relationship between mass and weight?
33. What is the mass and weight of a 65 kg man on Earth?
34. Two boxes are sitting on the floor—one is 10 kg and the other is 15 kg. Which has the
greater weight? Which box experiences a greater force of gravity?
35. Give three examples of Newton’s 3 rd law.
36. What are the four basic forces in the universe? Which is the strongest force? Which is the
weakest force?
CP PHYSICS, FINAL EXAM REVIEW – Fall 2013, page 5
37. What is an equilibrant force?
38. What is the resultant of two forces: 31 N east and 56 N west? What is the equilibrant force?
39. What is the resultant of two forces: 20 N, north and 8 N, east? What is the equilibrant force?
40. Two movers pull on ropes attached to a large piece of furniture. If one mover pulls with a force
of 250 N west, and the second mover pulls with a force of 335 N north, what is the resultant
force acting on the furniture? What equilibrant is required to keep the furniture moving at a
constant velocity?
41. Use the free body diagram below to answer the following questions.
a.
Identify the forces: Ff, FN, Fa, and Wt.
b.
What is the relationship between F N and Wt?
c.
What is the relationship between Ff and Fa?
d.
Which of Newton’s laws applies to this object?
e.
Can this object be moving? Explain.
42. Use the free body diagram below to answer the following questions.
a.
What is the relationship between F N and Wt?
b.
What is the relationship between Ff and Fa?
c.
Which of Newton’s laws applies to this object?
d.
How is this object moving?
43. What are the two types of friction? Define each.
CP PHYSICS, FINAL EXAM REVIEW – Fall 2013, page 6
44. Static friction is (<, =, >) sliding friction for two surfaces in contact.
45. Compared to an object’s motion, in which direction does friction act?
46. What is the net force on an elevator that weighs 14,000 N and whose cable experiences a
tension of 14,800 N?
47. A crane is trying to lift a 45,000 N steel beam. What is the normal force supplied by the
ground when the tension in the crane cables is 40,000 N?
48. Use the free body diagram of an object on an inclined plane below to answer the following
questions.
a.
Identify the forces: Wt, Fll, and F.
b.
Draw the normal force vector.
c.
What happens to the object sitting on
the inclined plane when it is given a
push?
49. For an object moving with circular motion, which direction does the centripetal force vector
point? which direction is the object’s acceleration?
50. What happens to the centripetal force of a vehicle moving through a curve when the road is icy?
To make it safely through the curve, what must the driver do?
51. What is the centripetal force experienced by a 1700 kg car traveling at 23 m/s through a
curve with a radius of 85.0 m?
52. What is the centripetal acceleration of a 82.0 kg runner who travels at 1.3 m/s around a curve
of 22 m? What centripetal force does the runner experience?
53. Is centrifugal force a real force? Explain. Therefore, when you go around a sharp curve in
vehicle, what really causes you to be pushed toward the door?
54. What does the law of universal gravity state?
CP PHYSICS, FINAL EXAM REVIEW – Fall 2013, page 7
55. Determine how the gravitational force would change if: (use the rule of ones)
a. one of the masses doubles
_______
b. distance is doubled
_______
c. both masses are doubled
_______
d. distance is tripled
_______
e. one mass doubles and distance doubles
_______
f. distance is reduced to half
_______
56. What gravitational force is exerted by two objects that are 5.0 m apart if one has a mass of
12.0 kg and the other has a mass of 35.0 kg?
57. What is torque? What does it do?
58. What three factors affect the amount of torque produced?
59. What is the torque used to open a door, if a perpendicular force of 4.2 N is used at a
distance of 0.65 m from the door’s hinges?
60. Two children sit on a balanced seesaw. One child weighs 215 N and sits 5.0 m left of the center.
The second child weighs 285 N. How far right of the center is the second child located?
61. A 345 N object is placed 7.5 m right of the center of a board supported at its center by
a fulcrum. What is the weight of an object located 6.2 m right of the center?
62. What is work? What conditions must be met to do work on an object? Give examples of work.
63. What is power?
64. Why does a machine make work easier to do?
65. What happens to the kinetic energy of an object falling towards earth? What happens to
its potential energy as it falls?
66. What happens to the kinetic energy of an object thrown up into the air? What will happen
to its potential energy?
CP PHYSICS, FINAL EXAM REVIEW – Fall 2013, page 8
67. If an object has 1250 J of potential energy at the top of a tall building, how much kinetic
energy will it have just before it hits the ground if it falls?
68. A 58 N force is used to push a laboratory cart down a hallway that is 23 m long. How much
work is done on the cart?
69. What is the efficiency of an inclined plane which required 2100 J of input work to produce 1750 J
of output work?
70. A 5.0 kg ball is dropped from the top of a tall cliff. How much potential energy has it lost
after it has fallen a distance of 32.0 m?
71. What is momentum? What is impulse?
72. In a car crash, why is it advantageous for an occupant to extend the time during which
the collision is taking place? How is a car designed to extend the time of a collision?
73. A bug and the windshield of a fast-moving car collide. Tell whether the following
statements are true or false.
a. The forces of impact on the bug and the car are the same. _____
b. The impulses on the bug and on the car are the same. _____
c. The changes in speed of the bug and of the car are the same. _____
d. The changes in momentum of the bug and the car are the same. _____
74. What is the momentum of a compact car with a mass of 815 kg if it moves at a velocity of
12 m/s?
75. A 6500 kg freight car collides with a stationary 8500 kg freight car. If the cars become
stuck together and move off with a velocity of 1.8 m/s, how fast was the 6500 kg car
moving before the collision?
76. A ball with a mass of 0.75 kg rolls at 1.2 m/s. It strikes a stationary ball with a mass of 1.6 kg.
If the first ball stops moving after the collision, how fast will the second ball roll away?