
Four Big Ideas in Psychology
1.
Critical Thinking
2.
The Biopsychosocial Approach
3.
The Two-Track Mind
4.
Exploring Human Strengths

1. Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is the act of asking open-ended questions, diving deeper into the content of whatever may
be examined.
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Examines assumptions
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Uncovers hidden values
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Weighs evidence
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Assesses Conclusions

How do we know this?

Is the conclusion based on evidence?

How do we know one event caused the other?

2. Biopsychosocial approach

Considers three influence levels:
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1. Biological
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2. Psychological
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3. Social Cultural
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Each offers a valuable and unique viewpoint that illustrates a complete picture
◦
Nature vs. Nurture!

How do we judge the contributions of nature (biology) & nurture (experience)?
•
Behavior or mental process is influenced by:
•
•
•
Biological :
•
genetic predispositions
•
genetic mutations
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natural selection of adaptive physiology & behaviors
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Genes responding to the environment
Social-Cultural:
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Presence of others
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cultural, societal, & family expectations
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peer & other group influences
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compelling models (ex. Media)
Psychological:
•
learned fears & other expectations
•
emotional responses
•
cognitive processing & perceptual interpretations

3. The Two-Track Mind

Dual Processing
◦
Conscious vs Subconscious

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious
tracks.

4. Exploring Human Strengths

To balance the first hundred or so years of focus on troubles (abuse, anxiety, depression, disease, prejudice &
poverty), psychologists are now focusing on positive psychology.
◦
Positive Emotions
◦
Positive Character
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Positive Groups, communities & cultures

1st Pillar: Positive Emotions

Satisfaction with the past

Happiness with the present

Optimism about the future

2nd pillar: Positive Character

Creativity

Courage

Compassion

Integrity

Self-control

leadership

3rd Pillar: Positive Groups, Communities & Cultures

Positive social forces
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Healthy families
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Friendly neighborhoods
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Effective schools
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Socially responsible media
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Civil discussions