EXPERIMENT 3 TIP OF TONGUE PHENOMENON
Provide a word that satisfies each of the following
definitions.
A blood feud in which members of the family of a murdered
person try to kill the murderer or members of his family.
A protecting charm to ward off spirits.
An old coin of Spain and South America.
A dark, hard, glassy volcanic rock.
A secretion from the sperm whale used in the manufacture of perfume.
A building used for public worship by Moslems.
An Egyptian ornament in the shape of a beetle.
The staff of Hermes, symbol of a physician or of the medical corps.
A Russian sled drawn by three horses.
A sword with a short curved blade, used by the Turks and Arabs.
A narrow strip of land by which two larger bodies of land are connected.
A navigational instrument used in measuring altitudes.
EXPERIMENT 3 (ANSWERS)
A blood feud in which members of the family of a murdered
person try to kill the murderer or members of his family.
[vendetta]
2. A protecting charm to ward off spirits. [amulet]
3. An old coin of Spain and South America. [doubloon]
4. A dark, hard, glassy volcanic rock. [obsidian]
5. A secretion from the sperm whale used in the manufacture of
perfume. [ambergris]
6. A building used for public worship by Moslems. [mosque]
7. An Egyptian ornament in the shape of a beetle. [scarab]
8. The staff of Hermes, symbol of a physician or of the medical
corps. [caduceus]
9. A sword with a short curved blade, used by the Turks and Arabs.
[scimitar]
10. A Russian sled drawn by three horses. [troika]
11. A navigational instrument used in measuring altitudes.
[sextant]
12. A narrow strip of land by which two larger bodies of land are
connected. [isthmus]
1.
A SIMPLE EXPERIMENT ON MEMORY
INSTRUCTIONS: Read each of the words below at a slow and steady
rate, say, one word/sec.
DISTINGUISHED
CRIMINAL
FENCE
BEVERAGE
FRAGRANCE
EXPENSIVE
FANTASY
BARRICADE
TOWN
WHEEL
ROBIN
SUMMER
EVENING
ALLIGATOR
ARMCHAIR
WOOL
MILKSHAKE
CINEMA
ELEGANT
DRINK
FABRIC
WEALTH
ANOTHER EXPERIMENT ON MEMORY
Some of those words listed below are the same as those shown on
the previous list. Can you recognize any? Write down which
words you recognize.
SPRING
FINCH
ODOR
COTTON
POST
BEVERAGE
HAMBURGER
TIRE
FAMOUS
ALLIGATOR
IMPORTANT
SPARROW
ROCKING CHAIR
MAP
VILLAGE
RICH
CRIMINAL
SUMMER
GLOVES
SODA
SCARF
FILM
MOVIE
AROMA
ELEGANT
PERFUME
FENCE
DREAM
WORDS FROM LIST 1
DISTINGUISHED
CRIMINAL
FENCE
BEVERAGE
FRAGRANCE
EXPENSIVE
FANTASY
BARRICADE
TOWN
WHEEL
ROBIN
SUMMER
EVENING
ALLIGATOR
ARMCHAIR
WOOL
MILKSHAKE
CINEMA
ELEGANT
DRINK
FABRIC
WEALTH
MEMORY SPAN
9 2 5
G M N
8 6 4 2
S L R R
3 7 6 5 4
V O E P G
6 2 7 4 1 8
X W D X Q O
0 4 0 1 4 7 3
E P H H J A E
1 9 2 2 3 5 3 0
Z D O F W D S V
4 8 6 8 5 4 3 3 2
D T Y N R H E H Q
2 5 3 1 9 7 1 7 6 8
K H W D A G R O F Z
8 5 1 2 9 6 1 9 4 5 0
U D F F W H D Q D G E
9 1 8 5 4 6 9 4 2 9 3 7
Q M R H X Z D R P P E H
COMPUTER VS. HUMAN MEMORY
COMPUTER
PERMANENT
X
PERFECT
X
HUMAN
PARTIAL
X
VARIES WITH TIME
X
LOCALIZED
UNLIMITED CAPACITY
INFLUENCED BY MEANING
X
X
X
Three Types of Memory
• Iconic (Sensory) Memory: 100-300 msec.
• Short Term (Working) Memory: 1-30 sec.
• Long Term Memory: > 2 min.
A
4
Q
I
B
9
6
Z
4
N
7
L
TEST FOR ICONIC MEMORY
Three Types of Memory
• Iconic (Sensory) Memory: 100-300 msec.
• Short Term (Working) Memory: 1-30 sec.
• Long Term Memory: > 2 min.
William James on Primary
Memory (STM)
it was never lost; its date was never cut off in
consciousness from that of the immediately present
moment. In fact, it comes to us as belonging to the
rearward portion of the present space of time, and not to
the genuine past (p. 646).
James, W. (1890). Principles of psychology. New York: Holt.
William James on Secondary
Memory (LTM)
…the knowledge of a former state of mind after it has
already once dropped from consciousness; or rather it is
the knowledge of an event, or fact, of which we have not
been thinking, with the additional consciousness that we
have thought or experienced it before (p. 648).
James, W. (1890). Principles of psychology. New York: Holt.
INFORMATION PROCESSING
MODEL OF MEMORY
Examples of Chunking
•
•
•
•
•
•
SOHCATOA
ROYGBIV
4916253649689
1433426086125
HNEWTXFDVKPLPRQJBDRG
FBICIADVDNHLUSAKFCNBC
Remember This Position
Serial Position Curve
Contribution of Rehearsal to
Serial Position Effect
Manipulating the Recency Effect
Effect of Rate Presentation
on Serial Position Effect
Different Levels of Processing in
Working Memory
“Shallow”
“Medium”
“Deep”
Are these words in the same typeface?
“HOUSE-trick”
Do these words rhyme?
“BALL-TALL”
Are these words synonyms?
“CAR-AUTOMOBILE”
Which is the Real Penny?
Maintenance Rehearsal
–
–
–
–
sheer repetition
mechanical
no attention to meaning
little effort
Elaborative rehearsal
– focus on meaning
– relations between items
– organization
Long Term Forgetting
Effect of Learning Prior Lists on Learning
a New List (Proactive Interference)
Massed vs. DistributedPractice
Proactive Interference from
Previously Learned Lists
Retroactive Interference
Experimental Group:
Original
learning:
Task A
Interpolated
learning:
Test:
Task B
Task A
Rest
Task A
Control Group:
Task A
Proactive Interference
Experimental Group:
Prior learning:
Task B
Learning:
Test:
Task A
Task A
Task A
Task A
Control Group:
None
TYPES OF MEMORY
Sensory
Memory
Short-term
(Secondary,
Working)
Long-term
(Primary)
Declarative
Procedural
(knowing what) (knowing how)
Generic
Episodic
Semantic
Generic non-verbal
Temporal Cortex
Two Types of Amnesia
Split Brain
Split Brain-2