Bellringer: 12/16

Take out your vocab and review them
before the quiz.

Take out your phone or tablet to use for
Kahoot review.
After the quiz:

Make the following table of content
updates:
– 80:
– 81:
– 82:
– 83:
– 84:
Vocab Quiz: Unification and Nationalism
Notes: Italian Unification
Notes: German Unification
Map Activity: Italian Unification
Map Activity: German Unification
Agenda: 12/16
1. Bellringer (Vocab Review)
 2. Kahoot Quiz Practice
 3. Vocab Quiz: Unification and Nationalism
 4. Notes: Italian and German Unification
 5. Map Activities: German and Italian
Unification

Homework: 12-16

BRING IN SIGNED MOVIE FORM FOR
FRIDAY!
The Unification of Italy
The great monument to the unification of Italy and the first king of Italy,
Vittorio Emmanuele II
Setting the Stage: Italy in the
Early 1800’s
Italy
was divided into numerous
states and kingdoms
People
were loyal to local
regions
Italy at the Congress of Vienna
Metternich
would not even
consider uniting Italy
Divisions: How Was Italy
Divided?
Austria=
Northern Italy
Hapsburgs=Various
French
Italian States
Bourbons = Naples and
Sicily
Reasons for Unification: Why
would Italy want to unify?
Desire
for economic growth
American
and French
Revolutions—inspiration
Nationalism/Pride
What happens in 1820-1848?
 Secret
Patriotic Societies tried to get
Austria forced out of Italy but
Austria crushed each rebellion
 Represents the beginning of the
attempts at unifying Italy
Giuseppe Mazzini
1830’s
Founded “Young Italy”
Reminded people of the
pride of the Roman Empire
Goal
–Constitute a one, free,
independent republican Italy
FAILED
Victor Emanuel
Appointed
Count
Camillo Cavour as
Prime Minister in
1852
Camilio di Cavour
Prime Minister who helped
unification through practical
aspects
–Army
–Industry
Believes
in
Realpolitik
Camilo di Cavour
 1855
– Sardinia, Britain & France fight Russia
 1858
– Cavour makes secret deal with
Napoleon promising to protect them if
Austria invaded
 Cavour
provoked Austria to invade so
France would help annex Lombardy
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Founded the Red Shirts, a
militia for unification.
 Helped promote the Italian
unification movement by
working with Victor
Emanuel

Emanuel and Garibaldi Unite
Italy
Garibaldi won the southern states of Italy
and gave them to Victor Emanuel, in 1861.
 Italy was finally unified in 1870 when Venetia
and then Rome and the Papal States were
added.
 1861 – Victor Emanuel II was crowned the
King of Italy

–A Constitutional monarch
The great monument to the unification of Italy and the first king of Italy, Vittorio
Emmanuele II, 1870.
Finishing Touches: Consequences of
Italian Unification

King Victor Emmanuel moves capital to
Rome

Continued problems between northern
and southern Italy on the basis of
economic and cultural differences
– North- industrialized (more $$$)
– South- agricultural based (poor)
German Nationalism
The Rise of Prussia
Nationalism

Nationalists: people who believe that
people of a single “nationality” should be
one government

Goal of Nationalists? Create a NATIONSTATE
– Bonds that create a nation-state? Nationality,
Language, Culture, Religion, History, and
Territory
Early 1800’s
German speaking people lived in small
states & Prussia & Austrian Hapsburg
Empire
1806-1812
Napoleon raided German-speaking lands
and annexed land along the Rhine River
for France, dissolved the Holy Roman
Empire, organized a number of German
states into the Rhine Confederation
1815
Congress of Vienna
Germans called for a unified Germany but
Austrian Prince Clemons von Metternich
(oversaw the negotiations) said they
would have to dismantle all the German
governments from each state
Created the German Confederation which
was a weak alliance headed by Austria
1862
Otto von Bismarck
Prussian Prime Minister who became the
Chancellor transformed Germany from a
loose confederation of separate states into
a powerful empire.
King Wilhelm I
Prime Minister Otto von
Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck
(1815-1898)

Prime minister of
Prussia 1862-1890

“The Iron Chancellor ”

“ The less people
know about how laws
and sausages are
made, the better
they’ll sleep at night”
Iron Chancellor
Bismarck wanted to keep France isolated &
build strong links with Austria & Prussia
Realpolitik
Bismarck used the theory of realpolitik to
keep power
– “Politics of reality”
– Tough power politics, no room for idealism
– Not an emperor
THINK ABOUT:
Do we use realpolitik today?
War
Bismarck built the military in
hopes of creating strong
foreign policies

Bismarck forms an alliance
with Austria and together
they invade Denmark and
divide the land

Brief fight – Three months

Denmark gives up Schleswig
& Holstein
War
Bismarck built the military in hopes of creating
strong foreign policies

1866 – Austro-Prussian War (Prussia made up an
excuse to invade), lasted 7 weeks and Prussia
took control of Austria

Also known as Seven Weeks War

Prussian advantages
– Railroads (better transportation system)
– Telegraphs (better communication)
– Modern weaponry (better army)
War
Bismarck built the military in hopes of creating
strong foreign policies
– 1870 – Franco-Prussian War – Napoleon III hoped
to mask problems at home with a military defeat
 Bismarck edited a telegram between King William I & a
French ambassador seeming that William insulted
Frenchman & Napoleon invaded but France was defeated
in weeks
South German states & North German
Confederation convinced William I of
Prussia to take the title of Kaiser and
called this the Second Reich
Bismarck writes a
Constitution
Two Legislative Houses
Bundesrat = upper house, appointed by rulers
of German States
Reichstag = lower house, elected by universal
male suffrage
Bundesrat count veto the Reichstag so the
power was still with the Emperor &
Chancellor
THINK ABOUT:
What was the problem with the two houses?
Kaiser William II
Succeeded grandfather (William I)
1890 – asked Bismarck to resign
Created programs that provided social
welfare
Cheap transportation & electricity
Public schools – obedience to emperor then
reading, writing & mathematics
Funding to continue to build the already
strongest military
Maps!
Use the handout on Italian Unification to
fill in the Italian map. The map is on the
same handout.
 Use the page number listed on the
German unification map worksheet to fill
in the map.
