www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 1 Grinding Grinding is a surface finishing operation where very thin layer of material is removed in the form of dust particles. Thickness of material removed is in range of 0.25 to 0.50 mm. Tool used is a abrasive wheel. www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 2 www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 3 www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 4 Abrasives Abrasive is the material employed for sharpening, grinding and polishing operations. Natural abrasive – emery, corundum, quartz, sandstone, diamond, etc. Artificial abrasive – carborundum, aloxite, alundum, etc. www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 5 Applications of abrasives Corundum : is a natural mineral which consists of aluminium oxide. Hardest natural substance after diamond. Used for shaping, finishing and polishing other tools. Emery : natural abrasive consisting of aluminium oxide and little amount of iron oxide. Silicon carbide : synthetic abrasive harder than aluminium oxide. Used to grind metals like iron, brass and soft bronze. Used in non metals like wood and leather industries. www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 6 Zirconia aluminia : it is a mixture of zirconium oxide and aluminium oxide. Used in casting and foundry industries. Cubic boron nitride : is made up of boron nitride with a cubic crystalline structure. Used for hard coating material. Diamond : www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 7 Bonding materials These are adhesives which holds the abrasive grains together. Vitrified process : Silicate process : Elastic process : Rubber or vulcanite process : www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 8 Grinding machines Grinding machine is a power operated machine tool where, the work piece is fed against constantly rotating abrasive wheel to remove thin layer of material from work. www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 9 Principle of grinding machines Work piece is fed against the rotating abrasive wheel. Due to action of rubbing or friction between the abrasive particles and work piece material is removed. www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 10 Classification of grinding machine Bench grinding machine Surface grinding machine Cylindrical grinding machine Center less grinding machine Internal grinding machine Special purpose grinding machine www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 11 Surface grinding machine It is machine basically used to grind flat surface. Job is mounted to a table which moves longitudinally as well as in transverse direction. Manual feed or power feed. Work piece can clamped in two ways Manual clamps. Magnetic chuck. www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 12 Internal pump and piping arrangement for coolant. Protective guard for safety. www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 13 Base Column Table traverse and vertical feed hand wheel. Wheel guard and protective guard. www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 14 Working Work piece is clamped to the table by operating magnetic chuck. Required grade of grinding tool is fixed to spindle. Grinding operation is carried out be operating both table traverse wheel and vertical feed hand wheel. www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 15 Cylindrical grinding machine It is a process of grinding curved surfaces. Surface may be straight or tapered. Work piece is mounted on two centers, one is tailstock centre and the other is headstock centre. Head stock center may or may not revolve. www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 16 Working principle www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 17 www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 18 Centre less grinding machine It is used to grind curved surface work piece which are long and slender. Work piece rests on a work-rest blade and is backed by a second wheel called as regulating wheel. Grinding wheel pushes the work piece down the work-rest blade against the regulating wheel. www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 19 www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 20 www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 21 Cutting terminology Speed : it is the peripheral speed of the work piece per unit time. (m/min) Feed : it is the distance travelled by the tool during each revolution of the work piece. (mm/revolution). Depth of cut : it is the perpendicular distance measured from the original surface to the machined surface of the work piece. (mm) www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 22 www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 23 www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 24 www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 25 www.bookspar.com | Website for Students | VTU NOTES | QUESTION PAPERS 26