Disarmament and International Security
Topic: A
Peaceful Uses on Nuclear Technology
DISEC Topic A
Submitted by:
Afghanistan
Only two nuclear weapons have ever been used against humanity, “Fat Man” and “Little
Boy”, both products of the United States when nuclear technology was in it’s infancy. Now that
nuclear technology has grown into its adolescence, we would like to use it in many fields,
including medical diagnosis and treatment, as well as energy and agriculture.
Afghanistan has a wealth of natural resources, including uranium, copper, cobalt,
lithium, iron and nickel. This prospective industry could give our economy a push, hopefully
rolling into good fortune, where funding could be set aside to begin advancing in fields of
nuclear medicine and energy. One New York Times article stated: “The previously unknown
deposits--including huge veins of iron, copper, cobalt, gold and critical industrial metals like
lithium--are so big and include so many minerals that are essential to modern industry that
Afghanistan could eventually be transformed into one of the most important mining centers in
the world, the United States officials believe.” Pajhwok Afghan News said: “Minerals experts
say [the] existence of [the] best type of uranium in Helmand, Panjsher and Laghman provinces
attracted a number of countries [saying they would try] to access the resources when security
improves.” With this abundance of resources, one wonders why they have not been
utilized. The simple fact is, the mines are not in place, and the Uranium remains untapped,
deep under Helmand. Another option for obtaining nuclear energy is recycled nuclear
weapons. According to Time Magazine, ten percent of all nuclear energy produced in the
United States is generated by recycled Russian weapons Uranium. If Afghanistan could receive
enough fissionable material and facilities to utilize it until the deposits of uranium and other
valuable metals can be accessed and our economy can be strengthened, it could build a sizable
nuclear energy foundation and show our population the benefits of nuclear energy.
There are many uses for nuclear technology, both beneficial and detrimental. While
Afghanistan is interested in these and has the will to advance, the sheer cost and manpower
required puts large-scale nuclear operation out of our grasp. With help from those more
advanced in nuclear technology and the access to resources buried deep under our feet, our
country could join the world in these advanced fields as medicine, crop genetics, and
energy.
DISEC Topic A
Works Cited
"International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)IAEA Home." Our Work: Afghanistan Signs Its First
Country
Programme Framework (CPF) for 2012-2016. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.iaea.org/technicalcooperation/Home/Highlights-Archive/Archive2011/01122011-Afghan-CPF.html>.
London, Eben Harrell /. "Turning Russian Nukes into U.S. Energy." Time. Time Inc., 11 Sept.
2010.
Web. 17 Dec. 2014.
<http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2017465,00.html>.
"Opinions." Is Afghanistan's Uranium Being Plundered? N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2014.
<http://mines.pajhwok.com/content/afghanistan%E2%80%99s-uranium-beingplundered>.
"Strategy." - Afghan Atomic Energy High Commission. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2014.
<http://aaehc.afghanistan.af/en/page/4926/4987>.
"The War Is Worth Waging": Afghanistan's Vast Reserves of Minerals and Natural Gas." Global
Research. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-war-is-worth-waging-afghanistan-s-vast-reservesof-minerals-and-natural-gas/19769>.
"World Nuclear Association." Military Warheads as a Source of Nuclear Fuel. N.p., n.d. Web. 16
Dec.
2014.
<http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Nuclear-Fuel-Cycle/Uranium-Resources/MilitaryWarheads-as-a-Source-of-Nuclear-Fuel/>.
DISEC Topic A
Submitted by:
Denmark
In the twentieth century nuclear technology, a very dangerous technology came
into the world. The United States of America was the first to use it as a weapon of mass
destruction, during World War II on Hiroshima, Japan. Denmark was warned to not let
US troops carrying nuclear weapons into Denmark by Soviet Minister Bulganin. After
some anxiety on foreign policy they dismissed the letter. The Soviet approach is not
clear it may have started rumors that Denmark has nuclear-capable guided
missiles. Social Democratic and Liberal parties said that nuclear weapons are
permitted at “present circumstances”. Denmark has a 31 year old ban on nuclear
weapons. In 1986 Denmark denied ships carrying nuclear weapons into Denmark’s
borders. Denmark’s foreign policy clearly states that Denmark wants to keep global
peace. About ten percent of Denmark’s power is from nuclear technology, the rest is
wind power and fossil fuels. Denmark had 3 research nuclear power plants that were all
demolished in 2001 showing less nuclear technology advances in Denmark.
Denmark still uses nuclear energy for various weapons while there are a lot of
other uses. Other than electricity, nuclear power is used in agriculture, medicine,
industry and research and many more. In medicine, radioisotopes help make diagnosis
and help with therapy. In therapy, cancerous growth can be from radiation. In industry,
radioisotopes detecting and analyzing pollutants. Radioisotopes can even detect
underground fresh water, leakages through dams or pipes, and many other waterrelated things. Nuclear technology can be used to get rid of microscopic bugs and
pests that grow on food and plants and eat or spoil as well as to make space
food. Information Technology Industry, a trade association that represents companies
from the information and communication technology, energy kills bacteria and other
harmful bugs because of its powerful gamma radiation and still keeps it edible in the
process. George De Hevy was the maker of radioisotopes. George De Hevy was
awarded the Nobel Prize for atoms for peace. George De Hevy is the reason nuclear
technology can be used in several ways. Without George De Hevy many things would
be bad. Many plants that we enjoy such as corn, tomatoes, potatoes, and countless
others would have many cancerous diseases we wouldn’t know about and would
eat. The new rocket NASA is making called Orion is supposed to take astronauts to
Mars and it might, Orion wouldn’t be complete without nuclear technology helping make
it but also makes small explosions pushing the rocket fast and far to get astronauts to
Mars. Nuclear technology is found in making cars and in electric cars of the future. The
more you think about it there are many more beneficial uses for nuclear technology.
DISEC Topic A
Works Cited
Committees and Topics." Cleveland Council on World Affairs. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec.
2014. <http://www.ccwa.org/programs/model-united-nations/committees-and-topics/>.
Comparing The United States to Denmark." Comparing The United States to Denmark.
N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2014. <http://www.ifitweremyhome.com/compare/US/DK>.
Disarmament & International Security / 1st Committee - 60th Session of the United
Nations General Assembly." UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.un.org/ga/60/first/>.
The Many Uses of Nuclear Technology." The Many Uses of Nuclear Technology. World
Nuclear Association, n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2014. <http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/nonpower-nuclear-applications/overview/the-many-uses-of-nuclear-technology/>.
World Factbook: Denmark." Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency,
n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/da.html>.
"World Nuclear Association." Nuclear Energy in Denmark : Danish Nuclear Electricity.
N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2014.
Submitted by: Guatemala
Guatemala uses nuclear technology, and therefore supports it. Nuclear energy is very good for
the environment because it decreases greenhouse gases, which cause global warming. It is
also powerful and efficient, reliable, and cheap (about $40 million). Also, the power plants create
many jobs (1,400 and 3,500 jobs for construction workers. After the facility is built maintains 400
to 700 permanent positions paying roughly 36 to 44 percent more than the average salary of the
surrounding area). Nuclear energy also does not pollute the air with dangerous gases. Although
DISEC Topic A
nuclear energy is used for peaceful uses, it can also be bad. For example, nuclear power plant
meltdowns have occurred, injuring and killing many people. But without nuclear energy, we
would not be as advanced as we are now.(https://www.dosomething.org/facts/11-facts-aboutnuclear-energy)
The UN and the nuclear age were born almost simultaneously. The horror of the Second World
War, culminating in the nuclear blasts at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, brought home the need to
address the nuclear issue. By its first resolution, the General Assembly established the UN
Atomic Energy Commission to deal with the problems raised by the discovery of atomic
energy. And a landmark address by United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1953,
“Atoms for Peace”, led to the establishment in 1957 of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
In 2005, the Agency and its Director General, Mohamed ElBaradei were awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize “for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes
and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way.”
Addressing the danger of nuclear terrorism, the UN has also produced the Convention on the
Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (Vienna, 1980). The IAEA, an international organization
in the UN family, fosters the safe, secure and peaceful uses of atomic energy and helps ensure
the use of nuclear technology for sustainable development. Under the 1968 Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the IAEA conducts on-site inspections to ensure that nuclear
materials are used only used for peaceful purposes.
Over the course of the next 2 years, we want to work along side the UN and work to educate
countries about peaceful uses of nuclear energy. This may encourage countries that have
nuclear weapon privileges to get rid of their weapons, and therefore preventing wars. This also
may encourage more countries to use nuclear power, which is better for the environment by
improving productivity in agriculture, also irradiation for for food safety. It is also cheaper,
DISEC Topic A
creates jobs, and so on. Educating countries about this may provide safe, secure, and
sustainable power.
Bibliography
"Atomic Energy." United Nations Global Issues. 2014. December 11,
2014.<http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/atomicenergy/>.
"Nuclear Weapons." United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. 2014. December 11, 2014
<http://www.un.org/disarmament/WMD/Nuclear/>.
"Costs: Fuel, Operation, Waste Disposal & Life Cycle." Nuclear Energy Institute, 2014.
December 11, 2014. <http://www.nei.org/Knowledge-Center/Nuclear-Statistics/Costs-Fuel,Operation,-Waste-Disposal-Life-Cycle>.
"11 Facts about Nuclear Energy." DoSomething.org. DoSomething.org, 2014. 11 Dec. 2014.
<https://www.dosomething.org/facts/11-facts-about-nuclear-energy>.
DISEC Topic A
Submitted by: Haiti
In this modern world nuclear technology has many uses. There is currently a program going on
between The United States and The Russian Federation called Megatons to Megawatts. This program
takes nuclear warheads and turns them into nuclear energy. Our world has only seen two nuclear weapons
used against other nations. These weapons have left an impression on the minds of people around the
globe. Nuclear energy is a safe way to get energy when properly handled. After the cost of building the
plant, nuclear energy is cheap. It is being used in many countries safely and effectively. Despite these
setbacks in the acceptance of nuclear technology, nations have continued to develop weapons. The UN
would like to take these weapons out of play and instead push for the development of peaceful technology
that will benefit the human race instead of destroying it. The main uses of this non-violent technology
will most likely be for medical purposes as well as renewable energy. Cancer is a very large problem in
our world. With nuclear technology we can treat this disease and save lives. Chemotherapy is a well
proven treatment, but like all things it could still use improvement. For some people chemotherapy is not
an option because it isn’t available.
The nation of Haiti feels that nuclear technology has a future in our world. Unfortunately, Haiti
has financial issues and cannot fund its own nuclear power plant or chemotherapy. Although Haiti has
some issues with money, some of the doctors are receiving training on chemotherapy and are hoping for a
donation of money or technology. With this money, Haiti could improve the lives of its citizens by being
able to help their cancer patients survive and by giving them cheaper energy that would enable them to
rebuild. Haiti believes that larger nations should provide funds for nuclear power plants to smaller nations
so that the peoples of these countries can have affordable energy.
The modern world has a place for nuclear technology as long as it used peacefully and for the
benefit of all. Chemotherapy can save thousands of people in poor countries if they receive enough
money to be able to afford this treatment. With the money of these more fortunate nations the
impoverished nations will be able to build nuclear power plants that will power hundreds of homes and
businesses at a much lower cost. If the larger nations funded these projects, our world would be a
healthier and brighter place.
DISEC Topic A
Works Cited
"Alternative and Nuclear Energy (% of Total Energy Use) in Haiti." Alternative and Nuclear Energy
(% of Total Energy Use) in Haiti. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/haiti/alternative-and-nuclear-energy-percent-of-total-energyuse-wb-data.html
"Hope in Haiti for Better Cancer Care." International Atomic Energy Agency. N.p., n.d. Web. 11
Dec. 2014.
http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/hope-haiti-better-cancer-care
“London, Eben Harrell /. "Turning Russian Nukes into U.S. Energy." Time. Time Inc., 11 Sept.
2010. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2017465,00.html
"Military Warheads as a Source of Nuclear Fuel." World Nuclear Association. World Nuclear
Association, n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Nuclear-Fuel-Cycle/Uranium-Resources/Military-Warheadsas-a-Source-of-Nuclear-Fuel/
"NEA Press Room." Nuclear Energy Agency Press Kits. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2014.
https://www.oecd-nea.org/press/press-kits/economics-FAQ.html
"Powering Haiti with Clean Energy." Clinton Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
https://www.clintonfoundation.org/our-work/clinton-foundation-haiti/programs/powering-haiticlean-energy
"The Economics of Nuclear Power." Nuclear Power Economics. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Dec. 2014.
http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Economic-Aspects/Economics-of-Nuclear-power/
Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248852.php>.
"U.S. Energy Information Administration - EIA - Independent Statistics and Analysis." U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA). N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Economic-Aspects/Economics-of-Nuclear-power/
"UN|DPI — OD|Dag Hammarskjöld Library: Member States|On the Record." UN News Center. UN,
n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2014.http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/unms/
Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014.
<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ha.html>.
"U.S. Energy Information Administration - EIA - Independent Statistics and Analysis." U.S. Energy
Information Administration (EIA). N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2014. <http://www.eia.gov/countries/countrydata.cfm?fips=ha>.
DISEC Topic A
Submitted by: Islamic Republic of Iran
Middle School
School: Monticello
As the United Nations Ambassador of Iran, I must communicate to the rest of the world the best
interests of our great nation. Our leaders feel that, like every country, Iran should have the right
to defend itself. In our eyes, it is wrong for some of our neighbors to have nuclear weapons, or access to
nuclear energy and not allow our country to possess them. That opens the door for other stronger
countries to attack us. Iran is all to familiar with this problem. In the 1970’s Iran was attacked by Iraq
and was funded by western countries with modern technology. If Iran was not able to get weapons from
its allies, the shape of the middle east might look a lot different today. But Iran is more interested in
developing nuclear energy for electrical power. Since the first atomic bomb, people have been looking to
use nuclear energy for power instead of as a weapon. But the problem has been that these countries
wanting to develop nuclear energy, have used that technology to make nuclear weapons. Because of what
has happened in the past, people do not trust countries today who want to use nuclear energy for electrical
power. This has been our problem for years. In 1946, a United Nations committee was formed to stop
nuclear war from breaking out. In 1946, Iran did not have nuclear weapons or have access to nuclear
energy. What would have happened to our country if that technology was given to our enemies back
then?
If you just use logic, allowing Iran to develop nuclear energy would give our country a chance to
develop a better power supply which would allow our economy to grow. A happier people would cause
less problems in the world. Yet, as I speak, there are currently U.S. military bases surrounding our
borders - country which we have had many disputes with in the past. Yet we are told by the United
States and its allies (which make up the majority of the permanent Security Council members) that
Iran cannot make nuclear material because of the “possibility” we could convert this material into
nuclear weapons. What is the problem if we did? Don’t we have the right to protect ourselves? Don’t we
have the right to the same weapons as the countries that are near Iran? I assure you all that any other
country would be in full panic mode if they were in our shoes.
A possible solution to this pressing issue is to have every nation sign a new nuclear treaty to obliterate
most, if not all, of the nuclear weapons so that more powerful countries could not prey on smaller
countries. I move to set a conference of all nations to discuss allowing the spread of nuclear energy
technology instead of the making of nuclear weapons with the goal of stopping nuclear war from breaking
out. We have a better chance of fixing this problem if we debate this problem in person.
DISEC Topic A
Bibliography:
https://www.google.com/#safe=active&q=world+factbook+iran , World fact book- Iran, CIA, June 22,
2014
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-07/iran-nuclear-deal-closer-as-kerry-set-to-arrive-ingeneva.html ,Iran Nuclear Deal Closer as Kerry Set to Arrive in Geneva ,Jonathan Tirone, Indira A.R.
Lakshmanan and Kambiz Foroohar, Nov 8, 2013
http://www.cnn.com/2014/01/23/world/europe/davos-rouhani-peaceful-nuclear-program/ ,Hassan
Rouhani: Iran will continue nuclear program for peaceful purposes, Irene Chapple and Mark
Thompson, January 23, 2014
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-11709428, Iran Nuclear Crisis, Various, September
17,2014
DISEC Topic A
Submitted by:
Israel
People around the world have been abusing nuclear technology by using it
against other countries and/or cities. In fact Israel might have their own nuclear
technology arsenal. Israel's foreign policy is unclear they do not directly say that they
possess nuclear weapons. But, Israel does not deny that the possess nuclear
weapons. Israel thinks differently about nuclear technology. Israel has tried really hard
to make sure that the surrounding regions do not get their own arsenal of nuclear
technology. You can use nuclear technology in good ways, like by using the energy to
power electricity. Israel has made several treaties and resolutions about nuclear arms
trade and nuclear technology. Some of them are, The Assistance to Palestinian
Refugees. Another one is, Admission of Israel to the UN. A speech given on
September 29, 2014 by Israel’s Prime Minister says, “The people of Israel are praying
for peace and that people are being threatened and/or killed because of their religions.”
Some solutions about peaceful uses of nuclear technology is for countries to
settle arguments by having a meeting not war bringing violence so people can get
hurt. They can also make some new laws to stop nuclear technology from being sold
illegally like in weapons to harm or kill someone such as nukes and other
weapons. Maybe they should have more authorities around the town during the day to
keep track of everything that is happening. They should also try to find ways of using
nuclear technology peacefully to help the cities and/or towns by using the technology to
power things like warehouses and other electric objects. For a country to pass a
resolution they need to have a reason and they should get supporters to help them out
when they are trying to pass a resolution.
People use nuclear technology in bad ways and can harm others. Thats where
the UN comes into place. They have hundreds of people working hard to save the lives
of others. There is a way to use nuclear technology without harming people. There are
problems with nuclear technology all the time and not just in our country. That is why
we should all help each other to use nuclear technology peacefully.
DISEC Topic A
Works Cited
"Full Text of Prime Minister Netanyahu's UN Speech." The Jerusalem Post. N.p., n.d.
Web. 11 Dec. 2014. <http://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Full-text-of-PrimeMinister-Netanyahus-UN-speech-376626>.
Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2014.
<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/is.html>.
"List of the UN Resolutions concerning Israel and Palestine." Wikipedia. Wikimedia
Foundation, 12 Nov. 2014. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_UN_resolutions_concerning_Israel_and_Palest
ine>.
"Nuclear." NTI.org. N.p., n.d. Web. <www.nti.org/country-profiles/israel/nuclear>.
"Nuclear Weapons and Israel." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Nov. 2014. Web.
11 Dec. 2014. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Israel>.
"Profile for Israel | NTI." NTI: Nuclear Threat Initiative. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.nti.org/country-profiles/israel/nuclear/>.
DISEC Topic A
Libya
In the twentieth century a new type of intense power was introduced to the
world. Countries around the world rushed to be the first to harness and utilize it to
their advantage. It is widely known that nuclear energy can be used to produce
electricity. The first nuclear power plant was built in the 1950’s, which ran through
the nuclear fission or splitting of the uranium atom. Nuclear energy powers many
communities all over the world, the majority of those communities being in
Europe and Asia. These plants have taken extensive safety measures and
operation practices to make harnessing nuclear energy as safe as possible for
the surrounding areas.
Some observers classified Libya among the most dangerous countries
from the standpoint of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, including
nuclear weapons. But in recent years, concerns about Libyan nuclear ambitions
have faded, though apprehensions about Libyan chemical weapons efforts
remain very much alive. Libya is in no position to obtain access to nuclear
weapons in the foreseeable future, given the extremely limited domestic technical
base of the country.
Despite the benign uses of nuclear technology there are mixed reactions to
the creation and use of it. While parts of Asia are creating more reactors and
using more nuclear energy, the use of nuclear energy is halted in many western
countries. This sentiment could have been initiated by the 1986 Chernobyl
accident, which affected Ukraine and other parts of Europe.
Also the establishment of organizations to monitor the safety and
procedures of nuclear power, such as the World Association of Nuclear
Operators and the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency, there are
still negative sentiments. In addition to this, the IAEA makes efforts to prevent
nuclear terrorism and the United Nations also tries to implement transparency
measures for countries. For instance, Iran and the United Nations have recently
agreed on five new transparency measures as a result of Iran’s nuclear
developments. Dangerous and malicious, helpful and innovative: nuclear
technology has two distinct sides. Similarly there are countries that want to use
the nuclear technology for a variety of good and bad reasons.
DISEC Topic A
Submitted by: Paraguay
School: University School
There are many peaceful uses of nuclear technology. The most obvious is the use of the
technology to generate electricity in nuclear power plants but nuclear technology is used in many other
peaceful applications such as, medicine, sterilization, and preservation. Nuclear energy provides
advantages over other alternatives in terms of, lower cost, greater efficiency, better reliability, and
offers less environmental impact.
Nuclear technology provides an attractive source for the production of electricity. Nuclear
power is created with the split of atoms causing heat to make steam, which drives the turbine
generators to produce electricity. One of the advantages of nuclear energy is the low amount of carbon
dioxide emissions. Coal powered plants generate substantial emissions into the atmosphere
contributing heavily to global warming. In nuclear power production, the only fuel transportation is a
major contributor to emissions. Furthermore, nuclear plants are much more efficient than coal-fired
plants using much less fuel to produce the same energy. Compared to other clean energy sources,
nuclear power plants are much more reliable. Solar and wind power require the cooperation of nature,
sunshine or windy conditions, which limits power production to certain times. Nuclear power plants can
run 24 hours a day for every week allowing them to be operate even in rough weather conditions.
Nuclear power generation offers real advantages over other power generation approaches.
Nuclear technology is used in a wide variety of other food, medical, and other applications. For
example, nuclear technology is used in food preservations. Some 25-30% of food is wasted due to
viruses and spoilage. To prevent more food loss, irradiation, which is high levels of gamma radiation, is
used to kill bacteria in raw foods without affecting nutritional value. Gamma radiation is used in
medicine to treat illnesses, such as cancers. These gamma rays can pass through skin into the body and
destroy tissues. So, when they are directed, they can kill bad cancer cells and tissues. Nuclear
tomography used gamma radiation to 3-D imagery of the brain and other parts of the body to help
doctors to detect brain and cardiovascular abnormalities. It can be a very powerful diagnostic tool used
by doctors to help patients. Scary enough, gamma rays are emitted from atomic bombs and can
virtually pass through any object making them harmful to your body if exposed for long periods of time.
Nuclear radiation can also be used in other ways. For instance, when used in certain instruments, the
radiation can help workers discover weak spots in oil pipes.
DISEC Topic A
China
China's policy is to increase nuclear power production to support its swiftly growing
economy. It is necessary that China do this because nuclear power currently accounts
for only 3% of total electricity used in China. In producing nuclear technology that has
peaceful uses, the Chinese are environmentally conscious. They protect their workers
and have an outstanding safety record.
H.E. Xi Jinpig, President of the People's Republic of China, stated, "China gives top
priority to nuclear security in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and manages nuclear
materials and facilities according to the highest standard. China has maintained a good
record of nuclear security in the past fifty years or more." President Jinpig said this at
the Nuclear Security Summit at The Hague, March 24th, 2014.
In addition, China is against military uses of nuclear technology and power.
Speaking in New York, Ambassador Hu Xiaodi stated, "China consistently advocates a
complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons and opposes
proliferation of nuclear weapons in any way to any country." (Statement by Ambassador
Hu Xiaodi, on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy at the Main Committee III of the 2005
NPT Review Conference, New York.) While nuclear weapons can serve as a deterrent
to war, China has no intention to use such weapons. Only one country has ever used a
nuclear weapon in times of war. That country was not China.
Poised to become the world's largest economy, China must set an example for the
world. China is committed to the production of nuclear technology for peaceful
purposes. The safe use of nuclear power will help China to support its people, raise
their standard of living and increase their productivity.
DISEC Topic A
Citation
"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China." fmprc.gov.cn. fmprc.gov,
25 Mar. 2014. Web. 8 Dec. 2014.
"Statement by Ambassador Hu Xiaodi on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy." chinaun.org. China-un, n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2014.
"Nuclear Energy Department in China." caca.gov.cn. China Atomic Energy Authority,
2005. Web. 8 Dec. 2014.
"Nuclear Power in China." world-nuclear.org. World Nuclear Association, 2014. Web. 8 Dec. 20
DISEC Topic A
Country:
South Korea.
There are several usages of nuclear technology in modern and everyday life. Nuclear
technology is used in many things from Sterilization to Smoke detectors. A common
misunderstanding to the usages of nuclear technology is that it is far to often only thought of
in nuclear weapons when it can in fact greatly improve everyday lives across the globe.
"Nuclear energy uses fuel made from mined and processed uranium to make steam
and generate electricity" According to the ENEC. Nuclear technology, and nuclear power
plants began sprouting up around the 1950's and 1960's. In the 60's and the early 70's nuclear
power was very popular,people becoming interested in this power source. Now in the 2000's
nuclear power is still a popular source. Lately nuclear fusion has become a frequent topic
discussed by many. Nuclear fusion was discovered in 1929 when Atkinson and Houtermans
picked up on signs of nuclear fusion in the stars. "Fusion power offers the prospect of an
almost inexhaustible source of energy for future generations, but it also presents so far
insurmountable scientific and engineering challenges. “states at world-nuclear.org. "the
Conference, noting that 18 States parties to the Treaty have yet to bring into force
comprehensive safeguards agreements, urges them to do so as soon as possible and without
further delay".( http://daccess-ddsny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N12/299/39/PDF/N1229939.pdf?OpenElement)
Nuclear energy has developed in the past, impacted the present and will hopefully change
the future generations for a cleaner, more efficient energy source to improve the lives of
people around the globe.
DISEC Topic A
South Korea is already aspiring towards becoming a major nuclear energy country. In
December 2009 South Korea “won a $20 billion deal to export four nuclear reactors to the
United Arab Emirate (UAE)”.South Korea started striving towards an increase of nuclear
activity in 1957 when South Korea joined as a member of the International Atomic Energy
Agency .since then south Korea has had a increasing growth of nuclear technology around
the country. Currently 6 new nuclear reactors are to be finished in 2016 and “he
government’s 7th basic long-term power development plan of electricity supply and demand
is due to be finalized in April 2015” -quote from peoples goes here-.South Korea has
reached inspiring goals and made extremely advanced development in nuclear energy that
will continue to affect and improve the globe.
It is time we pass the age of fear for nuclear energy" Today, there are 437 operational
nuclear power reactors in 30 countries, producing about 11 per cent of global electricity"(
http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/statements/statement-sixty-ninth-regular-session-unitednations-general-assembly )nuclear energy is not cheap but is much more efficient ,clean and
reliable. If we can get more of the world involved with the nuclear power movement we
believe can create a cleaner environment for mankind to live in. We need to take action on
global warming and climate change, if the world uses a cleaner, renewable resource we may
be able to turn around the globes future for the better.-quote- Not only is Nuclear power
practically inexhaustible, It produces much less waste than burning fossil fuels. Which will
provide a much cleaner environment for the area around it. ". Nuclear power is one of the
lowest emitters of carbon dioxide "states the by IAEA Director General Yukiya
Amano. Nuclear power is a much better long-term investment and energy source.
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Unfortunately there are some governments and countries that would like to use
nuclear energy for destructive power, " Safeguards agreements are now in force with 181
States. However, twelve non-nuclear-weapon States have yet to meet their obligation under
the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to conclude a comprehensive
safeguards agreement with the Agency."
(http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/statements/statement-sixty-ninth-regular-session-unitednations-general-assembly) We are sure you have heard of the situation in North Korea
,which has become a moral outrage in modern society ,caused distrust and has become a
worry of countries around the globe. Nuclear power has multiple good qualities but has
some unfortunate results. Nuclear weapons have become a great worry causing a various out
turn of events through out the world.
Some distrust nuclear power, for there have been multiple stories told of horrid
accidents, but often, these pertain to unstable plants and structures that have often barely
passed productive today current safety measures. Nuclear power is a smart reliable input and
investment that will further continue to spread throughout the globe, despite what some may
say, nuclear energy and technology can be used for the better of our society and
environment, improving our chances of survival and reducing global warming rates on earth.
In conclusion nuclear technology will change the lives of people all over the globe,
bringing mankind better, healthier lives here on earth, nuclear technology is a smart,
comfortable choice that we believe will benefit us all. Over the next few years we wish to get
more country's involved in the nuclear movement, and help multiple country's develop
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nuclear protection regarding North Korea. Through out the decade we wish to increase the
use of nuclear technology in order to create a safer cleaner world.
Bibliography
URL:http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=NPT/CONF.2015/PC.I/5
Article Title:
Links to documents
Website Title:UN News Center
URL:http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Current-and-Future-Generation/Nuclear-FusionPower/
Article Title:
Nuclear Fusion Power
Website Title:Nuclear Fusion : WNA
URL:http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/statements
Article Title:Statement to the sixty
Website Title:International Atomic Energy Agency
http://www.nrdc.org/energy/renewables/
Article Title:
Renewable Energy For America: Harvesting the Benefits of Clean, Local, Renewable Energy
Website Title:
What is Renewable Energy, Types of Renewable Energy Sources
URL:http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/fusion.html
Article Title:Nuclear Fusion
Website Title:Nuclear Fusion
URL:http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=NPT/CONF.2015/PC.I/7
Article Title:Links to documents
Website Title:UN News Center
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Submitted by:
Sierra Leone School
Nuclear technology is often immediately associated with violence and destruction, but
there are also many positive and peaceful uses. All around the world countries harness and
utilize this power to their advantage. Energy from nuclear fission powers many communities
around the world, most being in Europe and Asia (ieae.org ) In the past year, the National
Democratic Alliance (NDA) government signed a civil nuclear agreement with Australia to
address India’s growing need for power. The memorandum for understanding (MoU) stated
“The agreement will
promote cooperation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy. It recognizes India’s commitment
and use of nuclear energy with a view to achieving sustainable development and
strengthening energy security. Australia can play the role of a long-term reliable supplier of
uranium to India." In addition to Australia and India, another country committed to nuclear
energy and a clean carbon footprint is Canada, with about 15% of Canada's energy coming
from nuclear power. For many years, Canada has been a leader in nuclear research and
technology, exporting reactor systems developed in Canada, developing its own line of
nuclear power reactors, as well as a high proportion of the world supply of radioisotopes
used in medical diagnosis and cancer therapy. Other peaceful uses of nuclear technology
include food radiation, genetic manipulation, and the preservation of food. Using radiation in
food could help feed 800 million people, and also assists in creating new species of plants
and animals that are more resistant to pests and more durable in harsh climates. The creation
of improved crops generate " billions of dollars increased crop value" (iaea.org) Also, using
food irradiation (the process of exposing raw food to gamma radiation), humans can further
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the shelf life of foods without decreasing the nutritional value (World-nuclear.org). Civil
nuclear power can now boast over 15,500 reactor years of experience and supplies almost
11.5% of global electricity needs, from reactors in 31 countries. In contrast, only eight
countries are known to have nuclear weapons capability today, which shows the world's
increasing involvement in peaceful uses of nuclear technology.
The country of Sierra Leone signed and ratified the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
in 1970 trying to limit the spread of nuclear weapons. Sierra Leone knows the destruction
that nuclear power can bring and we strongly believe that the NPT should be signed by all
countries to stop the development of these extremely dangerous weapons. Sierra Leone
signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) in September 2000. The CTBT
prohibits all nuclear weapon test explosions and any other nuclear explosions around the
world. The Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests In The Atmosphere, In Outer Space And
Under Water, also known as the Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT) was ratified by Sierra Leone
on September 4, 1963 and September 11, 1963. However, Sierra Leone is not opposed to
using nuclear technology in peaceful ways. The International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA) has dispatched nuclear technology-based diagnostic machines to Sierra Leone to
help fight the deadly outbreak of Ebola. The technology uses a method known as Reverse
Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), which allows medical professionals to
detect the lethal virus in hours. Sierra Leone continues to be concerned about the lack of
peaceful nuclear technology and is committed toward a more peaceful world for everyone.
Sierra Leone is sympathetic to the world's plight with nuclear technology, as our
country has been through plenty of violence in the past twenty years, and does not want to
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put any other country through that pain. The government is prepared to start utilizing nuclear
technology for medication, power, radiation in food, etc., in order to boost our economy and
become a model for other countries looking to reduce carbon emissions and improve crops
by using nuclear energy. The UN and DISEC ( Disarmament and International Security
Committee) will continue to work with Iran and North Korea, who are both advocates for
freedom of nuclear development and are developing " peaceful nuclear energy facilities" that
are suspected by many other countries to be concealing other numerous nuclear activities. In
conjunction with the UN, Sierra Leone would like to continue to promote peaceful nuclear
energy, and believes that the UN should be monitoring countries actions toward nuclear
weapons and technology to ensure a balance between violence and accord. DISEC and its
partners have also been influencing governments and the public at large to adopt practices of
nuclear radiation, reactors, and radioisotopes. Nuclear technology is also essential for
achieving all Millennium Development Goals, which range from halving extreme poverty
rates to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education, all by
the target date of 2015. Sierra Leone will continue to have faith in the UN and DISEC to
promote abstaining from nuclear violence and advocating for increased uses of peaceful
nuclear technology around the world.
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Bibliography
"Nuclear Technology Vital for Cost-Effective Energy Sources, Achievement of Millennium
Development Goals, Delegates Tell General Assembly." United Nations. N.p., 12 May 2013.Web.
Nov.2014. <http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fpress%2Fen%2F2013%2Fga11448.doc.htm>.
"Nuclear Weapons." UN News Center. UN, 2014. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://www.un.org/
disarmament/WMD/Nuclear/>.
"Search IAEA.org." Search IAEA.org. N.p., Dec. 2014. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. <http://
www.iaea.org/gsearch/Sierra%2BLeone>.
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Somalia
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. The heat
is then used to generate steam, which is used for the steam turbine that is connected to a generator,
generating power. Today, there are 435 nuclear power plants in use in 35 different countries. Some
problems with nuclear power plants are that due to the radioactive fission products, if they are
dispersed, could pose direct radiation to plants, the environment, humans, and animals. Humans could
get cancer, other diseases, and could possibly have a short term death, or long term death due to the
other diseases from the radiation. Also, nuclear power plants are extremely complex, so any number of
things could go wrong while building and after construction. Due to the immense complexity, many
malfunctions can happen at once, causing a system meltdown, that even the nuclear engineers can’t fix.
Nuclear power plants are multi- billion dollar projects, and all that money is risked at the cost of energy.
On the other hand, nuclear power plants produce a lot more energy than other power plants, and
produce most of the world’s energy today.
Medicine:
In recent years we have made many advancements in today’s technology, including medicine. One of
our advancements have been bringing nuclear technology to medicine. An example are x-rays, which
with nuclear technology has gotten very good imaging. Another example is the radio-immuno-assays for
biochemical analysis in laboratories. Also, some medical products are sterilised with gamma rays, so in
medicine, overall, nuclear technology is useful.
Somalia:
Even though Somalia is under the African Nuclear-Weapon- Free Zone Treaty, they are not ratified with
the treaty, which means that if the break the treaty they signed, then they can’t be punished because
they are not ratified. So, Somalia’s current nuclear standpoint is that they can use all of the peaceful
nuclear technology they want, but if they use nuclear weapons they can’t be punished.
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Submitted by: Ukraine
While almost the whole world stands against the development and use of
nuclear weapons, opinions on the topic differ when it comes to the development and
use of nuclear energy. Advocates of nuclear energy advertise it as a form of clean
energy "since it releases virtually none of the harmful CO2 emissions associated with
fossil fuel. However, the building process of a nuclear power plant emits great amounts
of CO2 into the atmosphere," as construction instruments and processes, such as trucks,
cranes, front-end loaders, etc., rely on gas as source of energy - especially fossil fuels."
Also, the health and environmental costs of nuclear energy are horrendous. "The
possibility of accidents, such as that of Chernobyl or Three Mile Island, the threat of
nuclear terrorism, the potential for horizontal nuclear proliferation, the damaging
effects from the entire nuclear cycle, from uranium mining to nuclear waste, all indicate
that the risks of nuclear energy far outweigh the benefit"
(http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/resources/fact-sheets/critical-issues/5445-nuclearenergy)
Our country Ukraine has been working to fix many problems caused by nuclear
technology. Ukraine commissioned two nuclear reactors in 2004. Our government plans
to maintain a share in nuclear energy production to 2030. In September 2014, the
government initiated a bill that would allow the sale of 40% of the Energoatom to a
foreign investor. (The Energoatom is the National Nuclear Energy Generating Company
of Ukraine, a state enterprise operating all four nuclear power stations in Ukraine.) An
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announcement from the prime minister states that he expected agreements for the
assembly of new nuclear reactors to be signed. In June 2014, the energy minister said
"We will work with those [suppliers] who provide the best conditions for Ukraine to
ensure reliability, operational safety, and economic conditions." However, renovation of
the other, older plants seems more probable, especially concerning time and economics.
We "inherited" the largest nuclear stockpile in the world after the breakup of the
Soviet Union. However, we fully disarmed after the January 1994 trilateral statement.
Our capital joined the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons treaty (or NPT) later that
year (in 1994). We became nuclear-weapon-free in in 1996 after we transferred all of our
nuclear warheads to Russia for elimination.
Also, during the assembly meeting on November 3 of last year (2014), our
representative Kateryna Bila said a top priority of the government was the
rehabilitation of contaminated territories as a result of the Chernobyl accident. She
welcomed the adoption of the agency's nuclear security plan for 2014-2017 to enhance
states' nuclear and radioactive security regimes. We connect great importance to the
universalization of the non-proliferation treaty.
There can be many uses of nuclear technology other than for weapons. For
example: radio isotopes and radiation have greatly improved the quality of our lives.
Irradiation in raw foods kills bacteria and harmful organisms "without affecting the
nutritional value of the food itself or leaving any residue". Also, nuclear technology can
be used for insect control. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) irradiates large amounts of
insects' eggs with gamma rays to sterilize them. " By using this technique, the
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population of insects in the area is dramatically reduced." Three UN organizations, the
Atomic Energy Agency, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the World Health
Organization, are promoting new SIT programs in many countries. ( worldnuclear.org)
Nuclear technology can increase the genetic variability of plants when breeding. "
Ionizing radiation to induce plant breeding has been used for several decades, and
some 1800 crop varieties have been developed this way."
Although many countries are dependent upon nuclear energy for electricity or
protection, there are other uses that are peaceful and safe, that are being promoted by
the UN and many governments around the globe. We propose that other countries
adopt and use these ideas. Hopefully, the many alternative and positive uses of nuclear
technology will help both the countries utilizing them, and the countries surrounding.
We believe that the benefits of peaceful uses of nuclear technology outweigh the risks.
Bibliography.
http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/resources/fact-sheets/critical-issues/5445-nuclear-energy
Nuclear Energy
Ranching Critical Will
WILPF
http://www.un.org/press/en/2014/ga11578.doc.htm
United Nations
3 NOVEMBER 2014
Hearing Introduction of Annual Report, General Assembly Adopts Resolution Supporting
Atomic Energy Agency’s Work on Nuclear Safety
http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-T-Z/Ukraine/
World Nuclear Association
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Nuclear Power in Ukraine
(Updated 19 December 2014)
http://www.nti.org/treaties-and-regimes/treaty-on-the-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons/
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
signature: 1 July 1968.
Entered into force: 5 March 1970.
http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu21le/uu21le0h.htm
The Chernobyl disasters effect on Belarus and Ukraine
David R. Marples
http://nuclearsecuritymatters.belfercenter.org/blog/select-quotes-nuclear-security-fundingcongressional-hearings
Quotes on Nuclear Security Funding from Congressional Hearings
May 12, 2014
By Nickolas Roth
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