Government HSA
8 Landmark
Supreme Court
Cases
Protecting
Rights
Maintaining
Order
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Marbury v. Madison
Election of 1800, Jefferson beat Adams
Midnight Appointments not delivered
Marbury wanted “writ of mandamus”
S.C. Justice Marshall ruled ….
– Judicial Review
– Supreme Court has power to review actions and
laws of federal government
– Court corrects conflicts with Constitution
McCulloch v. Maryland
• 1816 Congress chartered Second Bank of U.S.
• MD passed law to tax the bank
• McCulloch, owner of MD Bank refused to pay
– Believed Congress had no right to make a
bank
• Bank argued state tax interfered with bank
McCulloch v. Maryland
• Bank argued state tax interfered with bank
• S.C. Justice Marshall ruled….
– “necessary and proper” clause made bank
OK
• Implied Powers
– States could NOT tax federal banks
• National Supremacy
Plessy v. Ferguson
• 13th Amendment- Abolished Slavery
– Southern prejudiced laws “Jim Crow”
• 1896 Homer Plessy bought train ticket
• Sat in “White Section”, kicked off train
• Sued for his rights
• Supreme Court ruled….
–“Separate but equal” facilities for blacks
and whites
– Justified Segregation in U.S.
Brown v.
Board of Education
• Linda Brown, 8 year old girl
–5 blocks v. 21 blocks
–Leave for school 7:40, Arrive at school
9:00
• Parents sued school district for unequal
rights
Brown v.
Board of Education
• 14th Amendment Issue???
• Supreme Court Ruled unanimously….
– “Separate but equal” unconstitutional
– Desegregation
– Decision spurred Civil Rights Movement
– Ended Segregation of Public places
Gideon v.
Wainwright
• Clarence Earl Gideon, penniless
drifter
• Broke into Florida Pool Hall
• At trial, Gideon requested a lawyer
b/c he couldn’t afford one
• Court denied Gideon a lawyer
Gideon v.
Wainwright
• While in prison, Gideon wrote Supreme
Court
• Court decided to hear case, and ruled…
–ALL people have right to a lawyer
–Gideon found innocent in retrial
–Many other convicted were also set
free
Miranda v. Arizona
• Ernesto Miranda
• Arrested for
rape/kidnapping
• Police questioned
• Miranda
confessed
• Found guilty, jail
Miranda v. Arizona
• No one informed
Miranda of his rights
• Court ruled police must
read 5th Amendment
rights to all people
arrested
– Right to remain
silent..
– Attorney…
– Anything you say…
Tinker v. Des Moines
• High School Students wore black armbands to
protest Vietnam war
• School officials said “NO”
• Students suspended
• Parents sued school
• Court ruled students
“did not shed all their
Rights in school”
They could wear
Arm bands
New Jersey v. TLO
• TLO caught smoking in bathroom by teacher
• TLO denied smoking to principal
• Principal searched her purse and found…
– Cigarettes
– Rolling Papers
– Marijuaina
– Cash
– List of people that owed her money
New Jersey v. TLO
• TLO “Search is unconstitutional b/c no
warrant”
• Court ruled….
–While in school, teachers act as parent
–School officials do not need warrant
–Only need “reasonable belief”
New Jersey v. TLO