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The 7 th
edition of MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers was used in the preparation of this guide.

All entries should be double-spaced. Indent 2 nd and subsequent lines.

Entries should be alphabetized by author’s last name if available. Otherwise, begin with title.

Include format of each work at the end of the citation.
Print Sources
Take the information about the book from its title page and copyright page . Use a short form of the publisher's name; omit terms such as Press, Inc., and Co. except when naming university presses (Harvard UP, for example). If the copyright page lists more than one date, use the most recent one.
Books
References to an entire book should include the following elements in the following order :
Author Last name, First name. Title of Book (italicized) . Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.
Print.
No Author or Editor
The Knowledge Book . Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2009. Print.
One Author
Levitin, Daniel J. The World in Six Songs: How the Musical Brain Created Human Nature.
New York: Plume, 2008. Print.
Another Work Same Author (
Use … to show it is the same author
)
Green, John. Looking for Alaska. New York: Speak, 2007. Print.
---. Paper Towns . New York: Speak, 2009. Print.

Corporate Author
National Audobon Society. Bird: the Definitive Visual Guide.
Ed. Peter Frances. New York:
DK, 2009. Print.
One Editor
Murphree, Daniel S. Native America: A State by State Encyclopedia . 3 vols. Santa Barbara:
Greenwood, 2011. Print.
Two Authors or Editors ( Second author, first name first )
Joachim, David and Andrew Schloss. The Science of Good Food . Toronto: Robert Rose,
2008. Print.
Three Authors
Lowi, Theodore, Benjamin Ginsberg and Steve Jackson. Analyzing American Government:
American Government, Freedom and Power.
3rd ed. New York: Norton, 1994. Print.
More Than Three Authors (
“et al” means “and others.”) You may include all authors or use “et al.”
Fothergill, Alastair, et al. Planet Earth . Berkeley: U of California, 2006. Print.
Author with Editor ( “Ed.” means edited by)
Plath, Sylvia. The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath . Ed. Karen V. Kukil. New York:
Anchor-Doubleday, 2000. Print.
Teeple, John B. Timelines of World History . Ed. Debra Clapson and Karen Gregory. New York:
DK, 2002. Print.
Author with a Translator (Use “Trans.”)
Allende, Isabel. Daughter of Fortune . Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. New York: Harper, 2000.
Print.
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Multivolume Work (if using all volumes)
Ness, Immanuel. World War II Almanac . 2 vols. New York: Facts on File, 2008. Print.
Book in a Series (Place series title at the end)
Steigerwald, David. “Antiwar Movement.” American Social and Political Movements, 1945-
2000: Pursuit of Liberty . Ed. Robert J. Allison. Detroit: St. James, 2000. Print.
Hist. in Dispute 2.
Wiedenhoeft, Alex C. Plant Nutrition . New York: Chelsea House, 2006. Print. The Green
World.
Edition or Revision
Include the number of the edition after the title (and any translators or editors): 2nd ed., 3rd ed., and so on.
American Kennel Club. The Complete Dog Book . 20 th
ed. New York: Ballantine Books, 2006.
Print.
Karolides, Nicholas J. Literature Suppressed on Political Grounds . Rev. ed. New York: Facts on
File, 2006. Print.
Graphic Narrative or Novel
Spiegleman, Art. Maus: A Survivor’s Tale . 2 vols. New York: Pantheon-Random, 1986-91.
Print.
Benoit, Ted, adapt. Playback: A Graphic Novel . By Raymond Chandler. Illus. Francoise
Ayroles. Introd. Philippe Garnier. New York: Arcade, 2006. Print.

Work in an Edited Book or Anthology (You will use this format often)
References to an essay or chapter in an edited book or compilation must include the following:
Essay or chapter author(s). “Essay or chapter title.”
Book title. Book editor(s) or compilers.
Edition. Place of publication: Shortened name of the publisher, Date of publication .
Inclusive page numbers of the cited piece. Print.
Article, Essay or Chapter in a Book: Begin with Author
Green, John. "Freak the Geek.” Geektastic: Stories from the Nerd Herd.
Ed. Holly Black and
Cecil Castellucci. 2 nd
ed. Boston: Little Brown, 2010. 273-284. Print.
Reprinted Article or Essay
Marling, William. "The Falcon and the Key." Dashiell Hammet.
1983: 70-78. Excerpt from and rpt. in Novels for Students . Ed. Ira Mark Milne and Timothy Sisler. Vol. 21.
Detroit: Gale, 2005. 211-15. Print.
Introduction, Preface, Forward or Afterward
Add By followed by author of the book. Include page numbers after the date.
Giovanni, Nikki. Forward. Harlem Stomp: a Cultural History of the Harlem Renaissance .
By Laban Carrick Hill. Boston: Little, Brown, 2003. 2-3. Print.
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Articles or Entries in Reference Books
If the article or entry is signed, place the author's name first; if unsigned, give the title first. For well-known reference works include only the title of the reference source, edition, and date of publication.
Dictionary Entry
"Lighten Up." Def. The American Heritage Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs . 2005. Print.
Encyclopedia Entry ( Do not include publisher)
Wilmeth, Don B. "Theater." The World Book Encyclopedia . 2005 ed. Print.
Articles in Less Familiar Reference Books
For articles from less familiar reference sources, include the full publication information.
Do not include page number(s) if entries are arranged alphabetically . Volume number follows editor.
Long, William J. "Aikido." Martial Arts of the World: an Encyclopedia . Ed. Thomas A.
Green. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2001. Print.
“
Northern Ireland Peace Agreement.” Milestone Documents in World History . Ed. Brian
Bonhomme. Vol.4. Dallas: Schlager, 2010. 1820-1838. Print.
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Periodicals
Magazine Article ( Provide day, month and year as available )
Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Day Month Year: Page(s). Print.
Preston, Douglas. "The 9,000 Year-old Man Speaks.” Smithsonian Sept. 2014: 52-63. Print.
Journal Article ( Provide volume and issue number)
Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume. Issue (Year): Page(s). Print.
One Author
Rosen, Meg. "A Rocky Road to Mars.” Science News 186.4 (2014): 22-27. Print.
Two Authors
Ginsberg, Benjamin, and Martin Shefter. "Ethics Probes as Political Weapons." Journal of
Law & Politics 11.3 (1995): 497-511. Print.
Newspaper Article
Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Newspaper [City for local paper] Day Month Year,
Edition if supplied: Pages. Print.
No Author
"Study Ties Self-Delusion to Successful Marriages." New York Times 2 Jan. 1998, late ed: A
11. Print.
One Author
Greenhouse, Steven. "Just 13, and Working 12-Hour Shifts in the Tobacco Fields." New York
Times 07 Sept. 2014: A1. Print.
Wagoner, Jana. “Locals Rally to Help Haiti.” Loudoun Times-Mirror [Leesburg] 20 Jan. 2010:
A1+. Print.
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Web Publications
Citations for online sources, like those for print, should provide information that both identifies a source and allows that source to be located and retrieved again. Citations should include the date the content was accessed and a URL - if required by your teacher.
Books
Lewis, Meriwether, 1774-1809.
History of the Expedition of Captain Lewis and Clark,
1804-5-6.
4th ed. Chicago: A.C. McClurg, 1917 .
HATHI Trust Digital Library.
Web. 20 Sept. 2014. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31175031051058; view=2up;seq=16>.
Sagert, Kelly Boyer. Encyclopedia of Extreme Sports . Westport: Greenwood, 2009. Ebook.
Articles
Author and/or editor names. “Article name.”
Title of website, project or book. Version numbers, revisions, posting dates. Publisher information. Page numbers or n. pag.for a scholarly journal. Web. Date accessed (Day Month Year). URL.
Article from an Online Encyclopedia
"Coco Chanel." The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. 2012. Infoplease. Web. 09 Sept.
2014. <http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/chanel-coco.html>.
Article from an Encyclopedia Accessed through an Online Database
“Ebola Outbreak of 2014.”
Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online
Academic Edition . Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web. 09 Sep. 2014.
< http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1991130/Ebola-outbreak-of-2014 >.

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Carson, Leah B. and Joseph F. Powell. "Kennewick Man." World Book Advanced . World Book,
2014. Web. 9 Sept. 2014. <http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced
/article?id=ar749347>.
Article from an Online Periodical Accessed Directly
Overbye, Dennis. “Ripples from the Big Bang.” New York Times 24 March 2014. Web.
25 March 2014. < http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/25/science/space/ ripples -from-the-big-bang.html?ref=science>.
Zabludovsky, Karla . “Sunken Ship Laden with Gold Lures Treasure Hunters - Again?”
Newsweek . Newsweek, 19 March 2014. Web. 25 March 2014.
<http://mag.newsweek.com/ 2014/03/28/s-s-central-america -treasure-titanic-gold
-shipwreck.html>.
Article from a Periodical Accessed through an Online Database
Cite as you would a print article but add the title of the database (italicized), the word Web and date accessed.
Bobak, Esfarjani. "Virginia girl pitches perfect baseball game against boys." USA Today 30
March, 2006: Sports: 3. MAS Ultra - School Edition . Web. 10 Sept. 2014.
< http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid= 6e471e54-b0b1-405f-8728-
96196db3910c%40sessionmgr114&vid=4&hid= 104&bdata
=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db =ulh&AN=J0E181368863406>.
Woodard, Colin. "The Pyramid Man." Smithsonian Dec. 2009: 50. MAS Ultra - School Edition .
Web. 18 Sept. 2014. < http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid =11&sid
=49c1fc63-d09d-4e81-8f9d-bc2c698eb382%40sessionmgr112&hid
=106&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=ulh&AN=45421287>.

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Non Periodical Publications
Work Cited only on the Web
Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site . Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access. Use n.p. if no publisher name is given.
Entire Website
The British Museum . Ancient Egypt. The Trustees of the British Museum, 1999. Web. 16 Sept.
2014. <http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/menu.html>.
NFL. NFL Enterprises, LLC, 2014. Web. 18 Sept. 2014. < http://www.nfl.com>.
Page on a Website
For an individual page on a Web site, list the author or alias if known, followed by the information covered above for entire Web site. Remember to use n .
p .
if no publisher name is available and n.d. if no publishing date is given.
Rosenthal, Gregg. “Vikings Deactivate Adrian Peterson Indefinitely.”
NFL . NFL Enterprises, 18
Sept. 2014. Web. 18 Sept., 2014. < http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000396097/ article/vikings-deactivate-adrian-peterson-indefinitely>.
“Teach Your Children.” Playing for Change: Peace Through Music. Concord Music Group, n.d.
Web. 10 Sept. 2014. <. http://playingforchange.com/ episodes/teach-your-children-live- in-adelaide/>.
Treadwell, D. Thomas. “How to Recognize a 17th Century Ship.” Piece of Eight: a Guide to
17th Century Piracy . Peabody Essex Museum, 2001-2003. Web. 13 Jan. 2010.
<http://www.pieceofeight.com>.

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“Verb Tenses.” Chart. The Owl at Purdue . Purdue U Online Writing Lab, 2010. Web.
28 Jan. 2010. <.http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/601/1/>.
Blog
Editor, screen name, author, or compiler name (if available). “Posting Title.”
Name of Site .
Version number (if available). Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of posting. Medium of publication. Date of access.
Bland, Alistair. “Tax breaks Turn San Francisco’s Vacant Lots into Urban Farms.”
National Public Radio . Natl. Pub. Radio, 09 Sept. 2014. Web. 10 Sept. 2014. http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/ 2014/09/09/347141038/ tax-breaks-may-turn-san- franciscos-vacant-lots-into-urban-farms>.
Musser, George. “Should You Go Solar Now or Wait?”
Scientific American. Scientific
American , 3 Jan. 2010. Web. 13 Jan. 2010 . < http://www.scientificamerican.com/ blog/solar-at-home/>.
Clarke, Keir. “Immersive Tours with Google Maps.” Google Maps Mania.
N.p. 28 Jan. 2010.
Web. 29 Jan. 2010. <http://googlemapsmania.blogspot.com/>.
Work on the Web with Print Publication Data
Do not include publisher if copyright date is prior to 1900 .
Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass. Brookly n , 1855. The Walt Whitman Archive. Web.
20 Dec. 2009.
Carroll, Lewis. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland . Illus. John Tenniel. New York, 1898. Google
Book Search. Web. 20 Dec. 2009.

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Work on the Web with Publication Data Other Than Print
Lange, Dorothea. “The Migrant Mother.” Photograph. Dorothea Lange: Photographer of the People.
Prints and Photographs Div. Lib. of Cong.,1936. Web. 7 Jan. 2010.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/fsa.8b29516>.
“Crew of Apollo 8 – A View from Lunar Orbit.” Photograph.
Eyewitness: American Originals
from the National Archives . NARA, n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2010. < http://www.archives.gov/
exhibits/ eyewitness/flash.php>.
Ellington, Duke, comp. Symphony in Black: A Rhapsody of Negro Life . Dir. Fred Waller.
Paramount Pictures, 1935. The Red Hot Jazz Archive . Web. 29 Jan. 2010.
<http://www.redhotjazz.com/sib.html>.
Additional Common Sources
Digital Files (PDFs, MP3s, JPEGs)
Beethoven, Ludwig van. Moonlight Sonata . Crownstar, 2006. MP3.
Muller, Steven. “Summerhouse.”
St. Petersburg, Russia , 1996. JPEG.
DVD Film or Video Recording
We Shall Remain: America Through Native Eyes.
Dir. Dustin Craig and Sarah Colt. WGBH,
2009. DVD.
People Like Us . Dir. Louis Alvarez and Andrew Kolker. 2001. Center for New American Media,
2001. Videocassette.
Avatar . Dir. James Cameron. Perf. Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Michelle Rodriguez.
Twentieth Century Fox, 2009. Film.

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Sound Recording
Springsteen, Bruce. We Shall Overcome: the Seeger Sessions . Columbia, 2006. CD.
Specific Song
Springsteen, Bruce. “John Henry.” By Pete Seeger. We Shall Overcome: the Seeger Sessions .
Columbia, 2006. CD.
E mail
Name of the writer. “Title of message from the subject line.” Description of message.
Date of message. E-mail.
Harris, Susanna. “Re: Reference List Questions.” Message to theAuthor. 22 Jan. 2010. E-mail.
Interview Begin with the name of the person interviewed.
Wiesel, Elie. Interview with Ted Koppel. Nightline . ABC. WABC, New York. 18 Apr. 2002.
To cite an interview you conducted, give the name of the person interviewed, the kind of interview; personal interview, telephone interview or e-mail interview; the day or dates.
Rowling, J. K. E-mail Interview. 8-12 May 2002.
Map or Chart
Treat a map or chart like an article in a book but add the label.
Illinois Library Association. Social Networking Tips for Teens . Chart. ConnectSafely.org.
2006. Print.
Commonwealth of Virginia. Department of Transportation. 2004-2006 Virginia Official
State Transportation Map . Map. Virginia Department of Transportation, 2005. Print.
Tables and Illustrations
Place tables and illustrations as close as possible to the parts of the text to which they relate.
Separate the parts of the citation by a semicolon (;) not by a period (.) Notice that the second and subsequent lines are not indented as they would be on a works cited page.

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“If the caption provides complete information about the source, and the source is not cited in the text, no entry in the works-cited list is necessary.” (118).
A table is usually labeled “Table” , given an Arabic numeral and titled. Give the source and any notes immediately below the table in a caption.
Table 1
Prefixes Using the Prefix “Omni.”
Source : English Language Roots Reference ; PrefixSuffix.com
, 2004-2014; Web; 1 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.prefixsuffix.com/rootsearch.php?navblks=1011000>.
Anything other than a table should be labeled Figure (abbreviated Fig.), assigned an Arabic numeral and given a caption. If the caption provides complete information about the source no entry is needed in the works-cited list. Separate parts of the caption with semicolons.
Fig.1. An American falcon . Photo; PublicDomainPictures.net
; Web.; 1 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.publicdomainpictures.net / pictures/60000/nahled/een-amerikaans valkje.jpg; 2013>.