14.23 Comprehensive review
of budgetting
Menno Verheijen en Stefan de Weerd
Inleidende informatie (1)
Het bedrijf British Beverages bottelt twee soorten frisdrank
onder de naam Cadbury Schweppes. De enige voorraad die
wordt gehouden bestaat uit directe materialen of voorraad
gereed product. Er is geen onderhanden werk. De twee
frisdranken zijn lemonade en diet lemonade. British
Beverages hanteert als eenheid een lot-grootte van 1000
kratten, waarbij 1 krat 24 flessen bevat. 1 lot = 1 unit.
Directe materialen worden uitgedrukt in lot; één lot directe
materialen is dat wat nodig is om één lot eindproduct te
krijgen.
Inleidende informatie (2)
Voorspelde kostprijzen van directe materialen voor 2002:
Syrup
Containers
Lemonade
£ 1 200 per lot
£ 1 000 per lot
Diet Lemonade
£ 1 100 per lot
£ 1 000 per lot
Packaging
£ 800 per lot
£ 800 per lot
De twee frisdranken worden met dezelfde machines
gebottelt. Het enige verschil in het ‘bottel-proces’ is
dat de frisdranken verschillende siropen krijgen.
Inleidende informatie (3)
a) Sales
- Lemonade, 1080 lots at £ 9 000 selling price per lot
- Diet lemonade, 540 lots at £ 8 500 selling price per lot
b) Opening (1 January 2002) stock of direct materials
- Syrup for lemonade, 80 lots at £ 1 100 purchase price
per lot
- Syrup for diet lemonade, 70 lots at £ 1 000 purchase
price per lot
- Containers, 200 lots at £ 950 purchase price per lot
- Packaging, 400 lots at £ 900 purchase price per lot
c) Opening (1 January 2002) stock of finished goods
- Lemonade, 100 lots at £ 5 300 per lot
- Diet lemonade, 50 lots at £ 5 200 per lot
Inleidende informatie (4)
d) Target closing (31 December 2002) stock of dir. materials
- Syrup for lemonade, 30 lots
- Syrup for diet lemonade, 20 lots
- Containers, 100 lots
- Packaging, 200 lots
e) Target closing (31 December 2002) stock of finished goods
- Lemonade, 20 lots
- Diet lemonade, 10 lots
f) Each lot requires 20 direct manufacturing labour-hours at
the 2002 budgeted rate of £ 25 per hour. Indirect
manufacturing labour costs are included in the
manufacturing overhead forecast.
Inleidende informatie (5)
g) Variable manufacturing overhead is forecast to be £ 600
per hour of bottling time; bottling time is the time the
filling equipment is in operation. It takes 2 hours to bottle
one lot of lemonade and 2 hours to bottle one lot of diet
lemonade. Fixed manufacturing overhead is forecast to be
£ 1 200 000 for 2002.
h) Hours of budgeted bottling time is the sole allocation base
for all fixed manufacturing overhead.
i) Administration costs are forecast to be 10% of the cost of
goods manufactured for 2002. Marketing costs are forecast
to be 12% of sales for 2002. Distribution costs are forecast
to be 8% of sales for 2002.
Overzicht opgaven (1)
Neem aan dat British Beverages de first-in, first-out
(FIFO) methode hanteert om de voorraden te bepalen.
Bepaal de volgende budgetten aan de hand van de
voorgaande data (a t/m i):
1 Revenue budget (in £)
2 Production budget (in units)
3 Direct materials usage budget (in units and £)
4 Direct materials purchase budget (in units and £)
5 Direct manufacturing labour budget
6 Manufacturing overhead costs budget
Overzicht opgaven (2)
7 Closing finished goods stock budget
8 Cost of goods sold budget
9 Marketing costs budget
10 Distribution costs budget
11 Administration costs budget
12 Budgeted profit and loss account
Uitwerking opgaven
1 Revenue budget
Opbrengsten uit verkoop (omzet)
Lots
Lemonade
Diet lemonade
Total
Selling price Total revenues
1 080
£ 9 000
£ 9 720 000
540
£ 8 500
£ 4 590 000
£ 14 310 000
2 Production budget
aantal te produceren producten
Budgetted sales (1)
Add target closing finished
goods stock
Total requirements
Deduct opening finished
goods stock
Units (lots) to be produced
Product
Lemonade Diet lemonade
1 080
540
20
1100
10
550
100
1000
50
500
3 Direct materials usage
budget
gebruik directe materialen (in lots en £)
Material
Syrup L Syrup DL
Direct materials to be
used in production of
lemonade (1000 lots)
Packag.
1000
1000
500
500
500
500
1500
1500
1000
Dir. mat. to be used in
production of diet
lemonade (500 lots)
Total direct materials
to be used
Contain.
1000
Total
Syrup L Syrup DL
Direct mat. to be used
from opening stock
Multiply by cost per
lot of opening stock
Cost of direct mat. (A)
Dir. mat. To be used
from purchases
Multiply by cost per
lot of purchased mat.
Contain.
Packag.
80
70
200
400
£ 1 100
£ 1 000
£ 950
£ 900
£ 88 000
Total
£ 70 000 £ 190 000 £ 360 000 £ 708 000
920
430
1 300
1 100
£ 1 200
£ 1 100
£ 1 000
£ 800
Cost of direct mat. to
be used from
purchases (B)
£ 1 104 000 £ 473 000 £ 1 300 000 £ 880 000 £ 3 757 000
Total cost of dir. mat.
to be used (A+B)
£ 1 192 000 £ 543 000 £ 1 490 000£ 1 240 000£ 4 465 000
4 Direct materials purchases
budget
aankoop directe materialen (in lots en £)
Material
Syrup L Syrup DL
Contain.
Packag.
Direct mat. to be used
in production (lots)
1 000
500
1 500
1 500
Add target closing
direct mat. stock (lots)
30
20
100
200
1 030
520
1 600
1 700
80
70
200
400
950
450
1400
1300
Total req. ment (lots)
Deduct opening dir.
mat. Stock (lots)
Direct materials to be
purchased (lots)
Deze aantallen directe materialen moeten worden vermenigvuldigd met
de kosten per lot. Deze zijn: £ 1 200 voor 1 lot syrup lemonade, £ 1 100
voor 1 lot syrup diet lemonade, £ 1 000 voor 1 lot containers en £ 800
voor 1 lot packaging.
De antwoorden zijn dus:
Syrup L :
950 x £ 1 200 =
£ 1 140 000
Syryp DL :
450 x £ 1 100 =
£ 495 000
Containers :
1 400 x £ 1 000 =
£ 1 400 000
Packaging:
1 300 x £ 800 =
£ 1 040 000
Totaal:
£ 4 075 000
5 Direct manufacturing labour
budget
Kosten van arbeid voor directe productie
Output
units/lots
produced
(2)
Lemonade
Diet lemonade
Total
Direct man.
facturing
lab. hours
per unit/lot
Total hours
Hourly
wage rate
Total
1 000
20
20 000
£ 25
£ 500 000
500
20
10 000
£ 25
£ 250 000
30 000
£ 750 000
6 Manufacturing overhead
costs
Overige productiekosten
At budgeted level of 3000 direct
manufacturing labour-hours
Variable man. overhead costs
units produced: 1 500 lots
2 hours for 1 lot: 3 000 hours
£ 600 per hour: £ 1 800 000
£ 1 800 000
Fixed manufacturing overhead costs
gegeven: £ 1 200 000
£ 1 200 000
Total manufacturing overhead costs
£ 3 000 000
7 Closing finished goods stock
budget
Eindvoorraad gereed product
Cost / unit
of input
Lemonade
Inputs
Amount
Syrup L
£ 1 200
Syrup DL
£ 1 100
Containers
£ 1 000
1
Packaging
£ 800
Dir man lab
Man. overh
Total
Diet lemonade
1
Inputs
Amount
£ 1 200
1
£ 1 100
£ 1 000
1
£ 1 000
1
£ 800
1
£ 800
£ 25
20
£ 500
20
£ 500
£ 1 000
2
£ 2000
2
£ 2 000
£ 5500
£ 5400
Dir. materials
Lots
Cost per lot
Total cost
Syrup L
30
£ 1 200
£ 36 000
Syrup DL
20
£ 1 100
£ 22 000
Containers
100
£ 1 000
£ 100 000
Packaging
200
£ 800
£ 160 000
Finished goods
Lots
Cost per lot
£ 318 000
Total cost
Lemonade
20
£ 23 500
£ 470 000
Diet lemonade
10
£ 23 400
£ 234 000
Total cl. stock
Total
£ 164 000
£ 482 000
8 Cost of goods sold budget
Kosten van de verkochte goederen
Amount
Opening finished goods stock, 1
January 2002
Direct materials used (3)
Direct manufacturing labour (5)
Manufacturing overhead (6)
Total
£ 790 000
£ 4 465 000
£ 750 000
£ 3 000 000
Cost of goods manufactured
£ 8 215 000
Cost of goods available for sale
£ 9 005 000
Deduct closing finished goods
stock, 31 December 2002
Cost of goods sold
£ 164 000
£ 8.841.000
9 Marketing costs budget
Kosten voor marketing
‘Marketing costs are forecast to be 12% of sales for 2002’
Sales for 2002 (1):
12 % hiervan is:
£ 14 310 000
£ 1 717 200
10 Distribution costs budget
Kosten voor distributie
‘Distribution costs are forecast to be 8% of sales for 2002’
Sales for 2002 (1):
8 % hiervan is:
£ 14 310 000
£ 1 144 800
11 Administration costs budget
Kosten voor distributie
‘Administration costs are forecast to be 10% of the cost of
goods manufactured for 2002’
Cost of goods manufactured
for 2002 (zie 8):
10 % hiervan is:
£ 8 215 000
£ 821 500
12 Budgeted profit and loss
account
Winst- en verliesrekening
Amount
Revenues (1)
Total
£ 14 310 000
Costs
Costs of goods sold (8)
£ 8.841.000
Gross margin
£ 5.469.000
Operating costs
Marketing costs (9)
£ 1 717 200
Distribution costs (10)
£ 1 144 800
Administration costs (11)
Total
Operating profit
£ 821 500
£ 3 683 500
£ 1.785.500