North America II
(CHAPTER 3: 171-195)
INDUSTRIAL LOCATION
FACTORS





Location of raw materials
Labor availability
Energy availability
Location of market
Transportation
•Relative importance of factors change:
•INDIVIDUAL SECTORS
•NATURE OF THE ECONOMY
FUEL
RESOURCES
SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY
65%
2%
15%
18%
Primary
Secondary
United States
Tertiary
74%
4%
Canada
22%
Quaternary
Tertiary &
Quaternary
Combined
POSTINDUSTRIAL
LOCATION FACTORS





300 days of sunshine per year
Recreational water within 1 hour drive
Affordable housing
Start up capital ($1 billion)
Low risk environment
– Tax breaks
– Cooperative state & local governments
– Lenders
– Businesses
POSTINDUSTRIAL OCCUPATIONS
ATTRACTIONS FOR
HIGH-TECH COMPANIES
Major University (Graduate Engineering
Program)
 Economic enterprises
 Government
 Social-services complexes
 Military

Canada
Nunavut
Yukon
Northwest
Territories
BC
Alberta
Newfoundland
Manitoba
Quebec
Ontario
Saskatchewan
PEI
Nova
New
Scotia
Brunswick
C
A
N
A
D
A
Population Distribution
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Ontario
Quebec
BC
Praire
Maritimes
Territories
Main Street Cluster
Quebec City
Toronto
Montreal
Detroit
Windsor
4 Lesser Clusters
URBAN SPATIAL CHANGES
Macroscale (Interurban)

MAURICE YATES
–Developed a model to explain
Canada’s urban system
–Views cities as points in a network
that interact with one another and
serve the hinterlands
–Similar to Borchert’s model
–Included 3 developmental eras
URBAN SPATIAL CHANGES
Macroscale (Interurban)
 Frontier-Staples
Era (<1935)
– Economic transition from mercantile
economy to one oriented to staples
(raw materials and agricultural goods
for export)
– Growth of the industrial heartland
– Montreal and Toronto emerged as
dominant cities.
URBAN SPATIAL CHANGES
Macroscale (Interurban)
 Era
of Industrial Capitalism
(1935-1975)
– Increase in manufacturing and tertiary
sectors of the economy
– Increase in urbanization
– Large investment by US corporations
in Canadian branch-plant production
(auto industry)
– Alberta experiences growth due to oil
and natural gas production.
URBAN SPATIAL CHANGES
Macroscale (Interurban)

Era of Global Capitalism (since 1975)
– Rise in foreign investment from
western Pacific Rim and Europe
– Canada’s movement into the
Postindustrial Society
– Country achieves 77% urbanization
DIVIDED QUEBEC
REGIONS OF THE REALM

MARITIME NORTHEAST
 FRENCH CANADA
 CORE
 CONTINENTAL INTERIOR
 SOUTH
 SOUTHWEST
 WESTERN FRONTIER
 NORTHERN FRONTIER
 PACIFIC HINGE
REGIONS
OF THE
REALM
North America II
(CHAPTER 3: 171-195)