KIGALI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUT DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIE
Avenue de l'Armée, B.P. 3900 Kigali, Rwanda
INSTITUTE EXAMINATIONS – ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013
END OF SEMESTER MAIN EXAMINATION
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
SCIENCE 3: APPLIED BIOLOGY
SECOND YEAR SEMESTER II
BIO3222 – GENERAL PARASITOLOGY
DATE:
/ /2013
TIME: 2 HOURS
TOTAL = 60
INSTRUCTIONS
1. This paper contains FOUR (4) questions.
2. Section A: - Question number ONE is compulsory carries THIRTY (30) marks.
3. Section B:-Answer any TWO (2) questions. Each question carries FIFTEEN (15)
marks.
4. No written materials are allowed in the examination room.
5. Write all your answers in the answer booklet provided.
6. Do not forget to write your Registration Number.
7. Do not write any answers on this question paper.
1
Section A: Compulsory and carries THIRTY (30) marks
If you are given stool specimens collected from persons suspected of being infected with
intestinal parasites, on the performing preparation and examination of samples for eggs
and larvae, answer the following questions:Total = 30 marks
a. How is reagent preparation done for physiological saline solution (0.9%) and
Lugol’s iodine solution?
(5 marks)
b. Explain the methods you would employ to prepare slides for microscopic
examination.
(5 marks)
c. How is slide examination under microscope performed?
(5 marks)
d. What will be the characteristics of the eggs as seen under a microscope? (5 marks )
e. Explain the detailed procedure of Baermann Technique to separate and concentrate
larvae from feces.
(10 marks)
Section B: Answer any TWO (2) questions. Each question carries FIFTEEN marks.
2. Protozoa: Kinetoplastids
Total = 15 marks
a. Briefly explain the life cycle of the genus Leishmania (Illustrate your answer with
line drawing).
(9 marks)
b. Give an example of a Leishmania sp and explain the following different types of
leishmania manifestations: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), Diffuse cutaneous
leishmaniasis (DCL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), and Visceral
leishmaniasis (VL).
(4 marks)
c. Name the leishmania species primarily responsible for manifestations leading to
CL, DCL, MCL, and VL.
(2 marks)
2
3. Protozoa:
Total = 15 marks
a. Discuss the life cycle of Trichomonas vaginalis (Illustrate your answer with
appropriate diagram).
(6 marks)
b. What are the Histomonas and Opilina parasites?
(6 marks)
c. How do we control/prevent parasites that have fecal-oral life cycle such as
Entamoeba and Giardia?
4. Helminths: Nematodes
a. List four major characteristics of the nematodes.
(3 marks)
Total = 15 marks
(2 marks)
b. Describe the generalized round worm life cycle (Illustrate your answer with
appropriate diagram).
(6 marks)
c. Give a brief account on the different types of filarial worms causing filariasis in
humans.
(3 marks)
d. Explain the nematodes as parasites of plants and insects.
(4 marks)
END OF QUESTION PAPER
3