New Participative
Methodology for Sustainable
Design (NPMSD)
Chapter
7
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
1
Introduction
Information and Communications Technology
(ICT) use is increasing worldwide,
• since ICT has become a significant mechanism for
researching, searching, communication, entertainment,
shopping and information and more.
However, the recycling of ICT products and the
energy consumption of
• ICT is becoming a major problem for users and
organizations nationally and internationally. Therefore, a
solution should be applied to tackle and address it as a
matter of urgency for the sake of the current and future
generations.
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
2
Introduction
This chapter introduces and examines a
New Participative Methodology for Sustainable
Design. The sustainable design proposed in the
New Participative Methodology for Sustainable
Design was assessed via an online survey
conducted in Australia.
The survey outcomes confirmed the sustainable
design step, and Australian users confirmed that
through education and awareness, designers
would learn more about sustainability and
sustainable design.
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
3
Introduction
Currently worldwide,
To tackle this problem,
•the issues of recycling and
energy consumption are causing
a major dilemma by producing a
carbon footprint, diseases and air
pollution. Therefore, designers,
academics, researchers, and
individuals in general must
understand their responsibility
toward our planet.
• it is essential to raise designers’
and HCI experts’ awareness
regarding their moral
responsibility to create
sustainable design for a
sustainable future.
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
4
Introduction
Finally, our planet is suffering, and we
need to tackle the issues of recycling, raw
material supply and energy consumption,
since there is no plan B for our planet.
This chapter presents a new methodology
for sustainable design in order to
safeguard our planet. This chapter is
organized as follows: introduction, New
Participative Methodology for Sustainable
Design, and conclusion.
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
5
New Participative Methodology for
Sustainable Design
In Chapter 1,
• based on the literature review, the initial sustainable step
identified six factors regarding sustainability, namely: design,
safety, manufacture and energy, recycling, efficiency, and
social needs. It is essential to consider these factors when
developing a sustainable design for technology and portable
devices.
Hence,
• designers and HCI experts should include these factors in
their agenda to ensure that a good sustainable design will
“eventually include criteria for the creation of a healthy
environment and energy efficiency”(Stelzer 2006, p. 4).
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
6
New Participative Methodology for
Sustainable Design
Further studies (Dornfeld 2014; Funk et al. 2013; Mendler and Odell 2000;
McDonough and Braungart 2002; McLennan 2004; Demirbas 2009; Wang
et al. 2015a; Wang et al. 2015b; Comm and Mathaisel 2015; RussellSmith et al. 2015; Melles et al. 2015; Ramani 2010; Stelzer 2006) confirm
that integrating sustainability in any business strategy including the design
process, will enhance business reputation and preserve resources.
Currently, sustainability and sustainable design are becoming the buzz
words for users and organizations, as adopting and applying them in their
strategies will be highly advantageous in terms of cost reduction, resources
preservation, conformity to legislation, improvement of reputation,
maintaining happier customers and stakeholders, attracting capital
investment and capitalizing on new opportunities (Weybrecht 2010).
Finally, Kendall and Kendall (2010) indicated that sustainability will assist
businesses, education, stakeholders, individuals and society in general.
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
7
New Participative Methodology for
Sustainable Design
Today,
Nowadays,
This urgent call
• the world population
exceeds 7.2 billion, and
by 2026, it will be more
than 8 billion (Geoba.se;
2015). This increase will
influence availability of
housing, food,
transportation, waste,
economic, and social
issues, employment the
environment, and
unsustainable
development activities.
• there is an urgent call for
sustainable development
in all areas including
technology and portable
devices. Hence, to tackle
these problems,
information technology
and HCI experts should
provide some solutions
especially in design,
manufacture, energy,
waste management, and
recycling by integrating
and adopting
sustainability and
sustainable design in
their design strategy
especially for technology
and portable devices.
• is essential to raise
designers’ and HCI
experts’ awareness
regarding their moral
responsibility toward
sustainable development
for a sustainable future.
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
8
New Participative Methodology for
Sustainable Design
The issue of
• sustainability does not concern only the environment, but extends to
social and economic issues. Using an appropriate methodology and
smart technology for designing technology and portable devices will
enhance energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts.
Currently,
• increased usage of technology is becoming a pressing issue in the
work since technology has a huge impact on the environment in terms
of utilization of enormous amounts of raw materials, energy
consumption, production of greenhouse gases and generation of
electronic waste that harm both the planet and mankind, causing
serious diseases and death (Gunn 2010; Philipson 2011; Shaw et al.
2015; Stewart and Kennedy 2009; Wiens 2013)
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
9
New Participative Methodology for
Sustainable Design
Individuals
and
organizations
Consequently,
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
•should understand that there is
not another Earth to provide us
with the essential resources and
raw materials for our survival.
•designers, users, and
organizations should be mindful of
the impact of their operations on
the environment and take
measures to become sustainable
by integrating sustainability and
sustainable design in their
methodologies and strategies to
reduce energy consumption and
waste production, and keep in
mind the importance of recycling.
10
New Participative Methodology for
Sustainable Design
Further,
Finally,
Therefore,
•it is essential for designers, users, and organizations to reorient their methodologies
and strategies towards sustainable design and sustainability considering the
environment problems that the world is currently facing.
• it is important for users, organizations, HCI experts, designers to understand the
impacts of their operations on the earth, particularly the technology use.
•it is it is fundamental to take initiatives to address such problems by using innovative
and creative sustainable solutions by educating users, organisations, HCI experts,
designers, as well as top management about the importance of sustainable design
and sustainability methodologies and strategies, which will increase technology
performance and efficiency and reduce carbon emission as well.
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
11
New Participative Methodology for
Sustainable Design
The New Participative
Methodology for
Sustainable Design is
• driven by the New Participative Methodology for Marketing
Websites (NPMMW) (Issa 2008).
NPMMW
•has been developed from various existing models of system
development and methodologies including lifecycle models,
information
systems
development
methodologies,
methodologies for developing websites, marketing
methodologies, and additional detailed techniques.
NPMMW
• is divided into ten stages namely: usability evaluation; functionality
testing, planning, analysis, design implementation, maintenance, user
participation, iteration, and content management systems. NPMMW is
a contingency methodology as it allows users and designers to select
the techniques, which best meet, the requirements of the website,
since each website from the marketing perspective has a different goal
and objectives. To meet these objectives, the development of the
website requires particular experience and skills.
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
12
New Participative Methodology for
Sustainable Design
The New Participative
Methodology for
Sustainable Design
will use the same principle in its various stages and
includes a new step in the design mainly for the
purpose of sustainability. This sustainability step
addresses the issues of design, manufacture and
energy, recycling, safety efficiency, and social impact
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
13
New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design – Sustainable
Design step – Tools and Techniques
The design factor
•aims to facilitate upgrades and recycling, and the addition of new software; most importantly, it ensures
compliance with environmental standards and rules.
The safety factor
•aims to mitigate several negative outcomes of technology usage including carbon footprint, climate global
warming, diseases, and air pollution. Therefore, the new technology design should consider these issues,
especially in the recycling process.
The manufacture and energy factor,
•the new technology should tackle the energy issue by using less energy and raw materials, and produce
less waste and toxins. Moreover, the new technology should use solar energy in the future.
The recycle factor,
•designers and HCI experts should use recycled, recyclable, and renewable materials to safeguard future
supplies.
The efficiency factor,
•designers and HCI experts should develop technology and devices with long life, less packaging and with
portability efficiency.
The social factor,
•it is desirable to shift the mode of consumption from personal ownership of products to provision of
services, clean emissions, successful production cycles, and good ethical principles.
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
14
The major stages and steps of the New Participative
Methodology for Sustainable Design are
Usability
Evaluation (SA0)
Maintenance
(SA6)
Functionality
Testing (SA1)
Implementation
(SA5)
Planning (SA2)
Design (SA4)
Analysis (SA3)
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
15
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
16
Conclusion
This chapter is concerned
•with the development of New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design,
and identifying the sustainable design step, which comprises design,
manufacture and energy, recycling, safety efficiency and social factors.
This methodology was
•developed to raise designers and users’ awareness of sustainability and green
information technology in terms of technology and portable devices design.
Using this methodology in designing devices and technology will reduce the
harm done to our planet as a result of poor recycling and the consumption of
energy and raw materials.
Finally,
•in order to raise awareness among users, we academics have a responsibility to
increase our students’ awareness, and make them part of the solution not the
problem, encouraging them to become good stewards serving their countries
and communities. In the future, further research will be carried out to assess the
sustainable design with larger and diverse developed and developing countries.
SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 7
17