Oracle Database 10g
Real Application Clusters
Gordon Smith
Director, RAC Product Management
1
Agenda
 Enterprise Grid Roadmap
 Oracle9i RAC is Proven
 Oracle RAC 10g for Everyone
–
–
–
–
Integrated Clusterware
Automatic Workload Management
Enterprise Manager for RAC
Performance and Diagnostics
2
Key IT Imperatives
 Highest Quality of Service
–
–
Maximum availability
Maximum scalability
 Most Efficient Management
–
Do much more
Enterprise
Grids
 Lowest Cost
–
With much less
3
Adaptive
Proactive
Agile
Roadmap
RAC 10g
RAC For Everyone
Oracle9i RAC
HA & Scalability
Now
Most
Efficient
Management
Enterprise
Grids
Low Cost
Clusters
Highest
Quality
Service
Lowest
Cost
4
Oracle9i RAC Momentum




2,500+ customers
550+ documented production customers
175+ production customer references
16% of new DB customers are RAC
customers
 20% of RAC deals are from repeat
customers
As of August 2003
5
Electronic Arts ROI
Discounted Cash Outlay
Comparison
$ Millions
15
10
5
0
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Total
RAC
5.03
0.65
0.58
0.59
0.51
7.36
Sun
SMP
6.8
1.17
1.07
0.92
0.79
10.76
Takes into account:
•Hardware costs
•Software costs
•H&S maintenance
•DBA costs
•SysAdmin costs
1st Year
5 Years
Big SMP is 35%+
More Expensive
Big SMP is 46%+
More Expensive
Report available on
RAC.US.ORACLE.COM
6
Oracle Database 10g: RAC for Everyone
 Key focus of RAC 10g is on management
–
Goal: ubiquitous adoption of RAC
 Part of much larger Oracle Database effort
–
–
–
Oracle9i reduced administration costs by half
The Oracle Database 10g reduces administration
costs by another half
RAC is an integral part of the Oracle Database so it
benefits from all this work
7
Oracle RAC 10g For Everyone
 Eliminate need for 3rd party components that
add significantly to complexity and cost
 Automatic workload management
 Automatic fast failure notification (FaN)
 Single system image GUI management
 Improved diagnostic and verification tools
 Performance improvements
8
The Problem with Third Party Cluster Software
 No single point of support
 High Cost
–
–
Multiple products to
license
Labor intensive to
install, integrate, and
manage
 Uneven quality &
functionality across
platforms
 Small # of nodes
 No common event or
management APIs
Applications
Cluster Control/Failover APIs
Resource Manager/Resource Agents
Volume Manager/File system
Messaging and Locking
Membership
Connectivity
Hardware/OS Kernel
9
RAC 10g Integrated Clusterware
–
No need to purchase
additional software
Easy to install, manage
 High quality and functionality
across all platforms
–
64 nodes on all platforms
 Advanced functionality
–
Failure Notification (FaN)
 Support for third-party
clusterware
RAC, Other Apps
Services Framework
Cluster Control/Recovery APIs
Automatic Storage Management
Messaging and Locking
Management APIs
–
Applications
Event Services
 Complete Oracle cluster
software solution
 Single-vendor support
 Low Cost
Membership
Connectivity
Hardware/OS Kernel
10
Automatic Workload Management
 Application workloads can be defined as
Services
–
–
–
Individually managed and controlled
Assigned to instances during normal startup
On instance failure, automatic re-assignment
 Service performance individually tracked
 Finer grained control with Resource Manager
 Integrated with other Oracle tools / facilities
11
Automatic Workload Management
Order Entry
Spare
Supply Chain
Normal Server Allocation
12
Automatic Workload Management
Order Entry
Supply Chain
End of Quarter
13
Automatic Workload Management
Order Entry
Spare
Supply Chain
Normal Server Allocation
14
Automatic Workload Management
Order Entry
Spare
Supply Chain
Server Fails
15
Automatic Workload Management
Order Entry
Supply Chain
Reallocate Spare server to Order Entry
16
Automatic Workload Management
Defining Services
 Create a service for each workload you want
to separately manage
–
A small number may be adequate
 Each service gets a globally unique name
 No application changes required
–
–
Services specified in TNS connect data
e.g, using Net Easy*Connection in 10g
scott/tiger@//myVIP/myservice
17
Automatic Workload Management
Defining Allocation Rules Using DBCA
 Rules specify automatic
resource allocations
–
–
PREFERRED
instances during
normal conditions
AVAILABLE instances
should failures occur
18
Automatic Workload Management
Enterprise Manager Controls
 Performs service
operations
–
–
–
Start / Stop
Enable / Disable
Relocate
 View service status
–
Including automatic
resource allocation
rules
19
Automatic Workload Management
Performance Tracking
 Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)
–
Tracks performance by service
 e.g, average response times for calls
–
Applications can specify MODULE and ACTIONS
for finer grained monitoring
 e.g. average response time for key transactions
–
Thresholds can be set to alert DBAs when
performance doesn’t meet service levels
20
Automatic Workload Management
Performance Tracking
• Set MODULE / ACTION using JDBC
• Note: no extra message exchange with server
• – setting “bundled” with call
String[] metrics = new
String[OracleConnection.END_TO_END_STATE_INDEX_MAX];
metrics[OracleConnection.END_TO_END_MODULE_INDEX] = "myModule";
metrics[OracleConnection.END_TO_END_ACTION_INDEX] = "myAction";
OracleConnection conn = ds.getConnection();
conn.setEndToEndMetrics(metrics, 0);
21
Automatic Workload Management
Performance Tracking
• Set MODULE / ACTION using OCI
• No extra message exchanged – “bundled”
OCIAttrSet(session, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION,(dvoid *)
“set salary", (ub4)strlen(“set salary"),
OCI_ATTR_ACTION, error_handle);
• Set MODULE / ACTION using PL/SQL
• Does require extra message exchanges
DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_MODULE 9
module_name => ‘add_employee’
action_name => ‘record contact info’);
22
Automatic Workload Management
Performance Tracking
23
Automatic Workload Management
Finer Grained Control
 Resource Manager
–
Services can be mapped to consumer groups for
finer grain control
 e.g., service Online gets 80% of CPU while
service Batch gets only 20%
–
Mapping example:
Execute DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING
(DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SERVICE_NAME,’ONLINE’,’HIGH_PRIORITY’);
24
Automatic Workload Management
Integration with Other Tools
 Job Scheduler
–
Job classes mapped to services
 Parallel Query / DML
–
–
Query coordinator connects to a service like any
other client
Parallel slaves inherit service from coordinator
 Oracle Streams Advanced Queuing
–
–
Queues accessed by service
Achieves location transparency
25
Failure Notification (FaNTM) with Oracle
Application Server 10g
Oracle 10g Clusterware
App
Server
10g
RAC
 Fast, coordinated
recovery without human
intervention
–
–
Oracle RAC 10g
signals 10g JDBC Fast
Connect Failover when
instances failures occur
Immediate recovery for
mid-tiers
 < 4 seconds from
15 minutes
 self correcting
26
Failure Notification (FaNTM)
JDBC Fast Connection Failover Processing
 Supports multiple
connection caches
 Datasource for each
cache mapped to a
service
 Keeps track of service
and instance for each
connection
 Distributes new work
requests across
available instances
JDBC / Mid-Tier
Database Tier
CACHES
SERVICE 1
INSTANCE X
SERVICE 2
INSTANCE Y
SERVICE 3
INSTANCE Z
27
Failure Notification (FaNTM)
JDBC Fast Connection Failover Processing
 When DOWN signal received from RAC 10g
–
–
Routes new requests to surviving instances
Throws exception if application was in midst of
transaction
 When UP signal received from RAC 10g
–
–
Creates new connections to new instances
Distributes new work requests evenly to all
available instances
28
Notification Callouts
 Users can write callout programs that are
invoked when notifications occur
–
Notifications include node up/down, instance
up/down, or service up/down
 Example usages:
–
–
–
Send email, page
Log status info
Start / stop programs
29
Single System Image Management
 Enterprise Manager 10g enables management of RAC
environments as single system image
 Cluster Database page provides RAC – wide view
–
–
–
–
Aggregates status, performance data across all instances
Supports operations on database and services
Drill down to pages for specific instances
Drill up to cluster page
 Cluster page
–
–
Shows hardware and operating system configuration,
performance, and status across cluster
Drill down to pages for specific nodes
30
Enterprise Manager
Database Home Page
31
Enterprise Manager
Database Performance Page
 Database view
–
Drill down for
instance info
 View data by service
–
–
–
–
Collected by AWR
View top services,
modules, actions
Set thresholds
See alerts
32
Enterprise Manager
Cluster Home Page
33
Enterprise Manager
Cluster HW Performance
Cluster view
 Shows hardware
utilization
–
–
–
CPU
Memory
Disk
34
Grid Control –
Server Provisioning
–
–
–
Provision software to many systems at once
Clone, store and distribute “known good” configurations
Automate patch and update management
Enterprise
Manager
Software
Inventory
35
Grid Control –
Server Provisioning
–
–
–
Provision software to many systems at once
Clone, store and distribute “known good” configurations
Automate patch and update management
Enterprise
Manager
Software
Inventory
36
Verification and Diagnostics
 New cluster configuration verification tool *
–
–
Eliminates errors during installation and
configuration changes
Pre and post validation of cluster environment for
each installation / configuration step
 Improved diagnostic tools **
–
–
–
Faster problem resolution times
Reduced need to reproduce problems
Valuable for both cluster and non-cluster systems
* Will be available from OTN
** Use under direction of Oracle Support
37
Performance Enhancements
 Faster instance recovery times
–
Several optimizations to shorten path length
and perform some operations in parallel
 Improved overall performance
–
–
Reduced path length
Message aggregation
 Automatic adjustments to changing
workloads
–
Dynamic re-mastering
38
Oracle RAC 10g - Only Solution for
Enterprise Grids
 Runs all Applications
 Mission Critical Quality of Service on
Industry Standard, Low Cost Servers
 RAC Made Easy for Everyone
 Complete, Integrated Oracle Clusterware
 Automatic Workload Management
 Provides Capacity on Demand
39
For more info …
 Consult the following white papers on
rac.us.oracle.com and database.us.oracle.com
–
–
–
Oracle RAC 10g Overview
Oracle RAC 10g Diagnostics and Verification
Oracle RAC 10g Best Practices on Linux
40
Q U E S T I O N S
A N S W E R S
41