Properties of
Photonic and Plasmonic
Resonance Devices
Jae Woong Yoon, Kyu Jin Lee, Manoj Niraula, Mohammad Shyiq Amin,
and Robert Magnusson
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas – Arlington, TX 76019, United States
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Guided-mode resonance bandpass filters.
Broadband omnidirectional Si grating absorbers.
Transmission resonances in metallic nanoslit arrays.
Gain-assisted ultrahigh-Q SPR in metallic nanocavity arrays.
Conclusion
2
Photonic Resonances in Periodic Thin
Films
Thin-film interference
Guided-mode resonance
Guided mode by TIR
- Highly controllable with the pattern’s geometry.
- Spectral engineering by blending of multiple
guided modes.
3
Guided-Mode Resonances in Dielectric and
Semiconductor Thin-Film Gratings
Low index-contrast gratings
[Wang and Magnusson, Appl. Opt. 32, 2606 (1993)]
- High-Q, narrow band resonances.
- Primarily reflection peaks.
- Optical notch filters, biosensors, and so
on.
High index-contrast gratings
[Ding and Magnusson, Opt. Express 12, 5661 (2004)]
- Both broadband + narrow-band effects.
- Versatile spectral engineering.
- Lossless mirrors/polarizers, flat
microlenses, bandpass filters, broadband
resonant absorbers, and so on.
4
Bandpass Filters: Theoretical
1.0
Air
R
nC
d1
d2
n1
n2
Air
Air
nC
Λ
I R
dG
nF
c-Si
nS
nS
nS
T
nS
Conventional
multilayer
T
0.8
SiO2
Single-layer GMR
structure
fΛ
dF
Transmittance
I
Multilayer
GMR
0.6
0.4
SiO 2
0.2
0.0
1250
1275
1300
1325
Wavelength (nm)
1350
Major advantages
- Simple fab. processes (involves less fabrication errors).
- Stop-bands and pass-line are determined by geometry of the surface texture.
5
Bandpass Filters: Experimental
1.0
z-axis (nm)
Surface profiles (AFM)
0.6
0.4
0.2
1.0
200
100
Measurement
Simulation
0.5
0.0
1300 1304 1308
0.0
1200
300
0
Transmittance (T0)
0.8
1250
1300
1350
1400
Wavelength (nm)
0
500
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
x-axis (nm)
Design
Fabricated
Air
Air
Performance Parameters
- Pass-line (peak): 0.4 nm FWHM, 83% efficiency.
- Stop-band: < 1% over 100 nm bandwidth.
- Angular tunability = 6 nm/deg.
SiO 2
SiO 2
6
Broadband Omnidirectional Absorbers:
Theoretical
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.8
TM (planar)
wavelength (mm)
340 nm
Planar absorber
a-Si:H
SiO2
TE (planar)
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
-90 -60 -30
GMR absorber
0.8
TM,
15.5% fill factor
0
TM,
f = 30
TM,
30 60 90
f = 60
TM,
f = 90
1
0.6
0.8
0.5
wavelength (mm)
2000 nm
30 60 90 -90 -60 -30
q (polar angle in deg.)
0.7
L = 419 nm
30 nm
f=0
0
0.4
0.3
0.8
0.6
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
TE, f = 0
TE, f = 30
TE, f = 60
TE, f = 90
0.4
0.7
0.6
0.2
0.5
0.4
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
0
0.3
0
30
60
90 0
30
60
90 0
30
60
polar angle of incidence (q in deg.)
90 0
30
60
90
7
Broadband Omnidirectional Absorbers:
Theoretical
Resonant Light Trapping
(a) TM, f = 0
0.65
Anti-Reflection Effect
R0
unpatterned
surface
(b) TE, f = 0
patterned
surface
R-1
R0
0.5
f = 90
wavelength (mm)
0.60
(f)
(a) TM
0.2
120
90
(b) TM
60
120
60
(d)
0.55
150
0.1
(c)
(e)
0.50
0.05
q=0
180
0.45
330
0.01
0
15
30
45
60
q (polar angle in deg.)
25
(d) 0
75
90
14
0
15
(e) 0
30
45
60
q (polar angle in deg.)
11
(f)
0
75
0
180
90
240
90
90
300
240
120
90
(d) TE
60
150
0
120
0
30
0
180
30
240
90
330
300
0.2
330
60
210
240
90
300
270
270
0
0
30
60
210
60
150
30
180
300
270
90
(c) TE
330
60
210
270
3
0
30
60
210
0
0
30
30
0.02
0.40
(c)
150
30
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
8
Broadband Omnidirectional Absorbers:
Experiment
(a)
collimated white light
1.0
(b)
(c)
normalized power
R
high N.A
objective lens
143.6
sample
0.8
extinction
0.6
extinction from unpatterned area
0.4
experiment
theory (RCWA)
0.2
T
R
integrating
sphere
T
0.0
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
wavelength (nm)
(a)
(c)
(b)
(d)
1D a-Si grating
unpatterned area
1 inch
1 mm
1 mm
100 mm
9
Surface Plasmon Resonances
in Metallic Nanostructures
• Collective oscillation of surface free electrons.
• Deep subwavelength confinement:
- Metallic metamaterials.
- Optical communication with nanoscopic objects.
- Quantum optical effects.
• Highly lossy due to ohmic damping.
• Primarily absorption and transmission
resonances. (↔ Photonic resonances)
10
Extraordinary Optical Transmission
Nature 391 667; Phys. Rev. B 58 6779.
SPP
Destructively
interfere
2
0.45 0.14
0.06
11
Extraordinary Optical Transmission
Cao et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 057403 (2002)
“Negative role of surface plasmons in the transmission of metallic
gratings with very narrow slits”
Fabry-Perot resonance of slit guided mode
CM
Destructively
interfere
SPP resonance condition
12
Surface and Cavity Plasmonic Resonances
in Metallic Nanoslit Arrays
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
1
1.25
a
E
1.20
l (L)
H
z
y
x
2
3
4
T (Analytic Theory)
5
1.15
1.10
SPP
t
T
b
T (RCWA)
q =1
1.05
r in
1.00
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
CM
t
d (L)
RCWA
Analytic Theory
1
d/L
q= 4
-2
10
CM
rD+rSP=rin
h in
SPP
10-4
10-6
1
h in
hex
1.06
a, Lossless
(eM'' = 0)
Metal
10-2
To External Planewave
t=tSP+tD
T
Metal
q= 5
T
Slit
10-4
10-6
b, Lossy
(eM'' = 0.01)
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
l (L)
1.20
1.25
13
Toward Ultrahigh-Q Metallic Nanocavity
Resonances
0.3
2.0
|rin|
t
0.2
2
200 nm
1.5
2
0.9
2
100%
air
dielectric
|t|
1.0
Ag
semi-infinite
1.0
500 nm 25 nm
0.1
0.5
l AR
0.8
0.0
0.8
0.7
surface excitation
(b)
0.6
T
k=0
k = 2.26103
air
dielectric
200 nm
Ag
460 nm
q= 4
0.4
0.0
q= 2
200 nm
air
T
q= 5
0.2
q = 3 (missing)
0.2
0.0
0.8
|t|2
0.1
0.6
T
normalized power
(a)
|Ez /E0|
1.1
0.0
600
650
700
750
800
wavelength (nm)
850
900
0.4
(c)
air
3.6104
PMMA
with optical gain in
the dielectric host
Ag
PMMA
0.2
air
0.0
600
650
700
750
800
0
850
900
wavelength (nm)
14
Conclusion
• Demonstrated optical bandpass filters and broadband
absorbers based on high-index contrast subwavelength
waveguide gratings.
• Explained complex resonance effects in metallic nanoslit
arrays with a simple model of an optical cavity with Fanoresonant reflection boundaries.
• The theory predicts efficient room-T ultrahigh-Q plasmonic
nanocavity resonances with the externally amplified
intracavity feedback mechanism.
15
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research was supported, in part, by the UT System Texas
Nanoelectronics Research Superiority Award funded by the State of Texas
Emerging Technology Fund as well as by the Texas Instruments
distinguished University Chair in Nanoelectronics endowment. Additional
support was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under
Award No. ECCS-0925774 and IIP-1444922.
Publications with these works:
[1] J. W. Yoon, K. J. Lee, W. Wu, and R. Magnusson, “Wideband omnidirectional polarizationinsensitive light absorbers made with 1D silicon gratings”, Adv. Opt. Mater. 2014;
doi:10.1002/adom.201400273.
[2] J. W. Yoon, J. H. Lee, S. H. Song, and R. Magnusson, “Unified theory of surafce-plasmonic
enhancement and extinction of light transmission through metallic nanoslit arrays”, Sci. Rep. 4, 5683
(2014).
[3] J. W. Yoon, S. H. Song, and R. Magnusson, “Ultrahigh-Q metallic nanocavity resonances with
externally-amplified intracavity feedback”, Sci. Rep. 4, 7124 (2014).