Lesson Four
Inaugural Address
J. F. Kennedy
Aims
1. To know the features of a political speech.
2. To analyze the structure of this address
3. To appreciate the language features of
Kennedy’s address
4.
To be acquainted with some English
speeches
Teaching Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
J.F. Kennedy
The characteristics of a political speech
Detailed study of the text
Organizational pattern
Language features
Exercises
English speech
Time allocation
1. John Kennedy (15 min.)
2. The characteristics of a political
speech (10 min.)
3. Detailed study of the text (100 min.)
4. Structure analysis (15 min.)
5. Language appreciation (15 min.)
6. English speeches (25 min)
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
*4image-1,2,3*
Kennedy, 35th president, Democrat, was
born on May 29 1917 in Brookline, Mass,
the son of Joseph P. Kennedy, financier,
who later became ambassador to Great
Britain.
He entered Harvard, received a BS from
Harvard 1940. He served in the Navy and
won the Navy and Marine Corps Medal.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
He wrote "Profiles in Courage", 《勇敢
者传略》which won a Pulitzer prize.
 1947-1952
served as representative in the
congress
 1952
elected to the senate
 1960 He won the Democratic nomination for
president and defeated Richard M. Nixon,
Republican
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Kennedy family --- fully engaged in
politics
 Joseph
Patrick Kennedy -- father (1888-
1969)
 US ambassador to Britain
 born in Boston
 graduated from Harvard
Joseph Patrick Kennedy
*4image-4 Joseph Kennedy*
 He engaged in
 banking
shipbuilding
investment banking
motion-picture distribution
a millionaire at 30 years old
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
1. 35th President of the U.S.(1961-1963)
2. a democrat, an eloquent speaker
3. the youngest man ever elected to the
presidency
4. born in Massachusetts, inherited a
background of politics wealth and
determination
5. a Catholic
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
6. As president, he faced the Civil Rights
problem at home and Cuba crisis of 1962.
7. His assassination at Dallas in November
1963 was a shock from which the U.S. has
found it hard to recover and the murder is
still a riddle.
*www.usconstitution.com/
JohnKennedy.htm *
Strange coincidences between President
Lincoln and President Kennedy
Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846.
John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946.
Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860.
John F. Kennedy was elected President in 1960.
Lincoln and Kennedy
The names Lincoln and Kennedy each
contain seven letters.
Both were particularly concerned with
civil rights.
Both wives lost their children while living
in the White House.
Both Presidents were shot on a Friday.
Both were shot in the head.
Lincoln and Kennedy
Lincoln's secretary was named Kennedy.
Kennedy's secretary was named Lincoln.
Both were assassinated by Southerners.
Both were succeeded by Southerners.
Both successors were named Johnson.
Lincoln and Kennedy
Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was
born in 1808.
Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was
born in 1908.
John Wilkes Booth, accused of assassinating
Lincoln, was born in 1839.
Lee Harvey Oswald, accused of assassinating
Kennedy, was born in 1939.
Lincoln and Kennedy
Both assassins were known by their three
names.
Both names comprise fifteen letters.
Booth ran from the theatre and was
caught in a warehouse.
Oswald ran from a warehouse and was
caught in a theatre.
Booth and Oswald were both
assassinated before their trials.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
contributions:
 1.
His most important act was his
successful demand on Oct.22. 1962 that
the Soviet Union dismantle its missile
bases in Cuba. *4image-5map*
 2. He established a quarantine of arms
shipments to Cuba and continued
surveillance by air.
contributions:
 3.
He defied Soviet attempts to force the
Allies out of Berlin.*4image-6,7,8*
 4.
He made the steel industry rescind a
price rise.
contributions:
 5.
He backed
a> civil rights
b> a mental health program
c> arbitration of railroad disputes
d> expanded medical care for the aged
e> astronaut flights and satellite orbiting
Inauguration Day
On January 20 since 1937
On April 30,1789, George Washington
stepped onto a balcony of Federal Hall
in New York City, placed his hand on a
Bible and swore to "preserve, protest
and defend the constitution of the United
States".
Inauguration Day
He then read an earnest speech, calling
for "united and effective government".
Thus began a unique American
institution --- Inauguration Day --those dramatic hours when a new
president faces the people for the first
time. He must tell the people what he's
going to do as president.*4iamge-9*
Inaugural Address
 Memorable words have been uttered
in inaugural address. It is a speech,
lecture officially made by a person on
taking office.
the purpose of a political speech
 to persuade
 to explain
 to convince people
to accept his point of view,
to accept what he says so as to
support him
Characteristics:
1. The order is clear.
 Each
para. has its own topic.
2. The tone is appropriate.
 He
uses different tone to different people.
Characteristics:
3. The style is rigid.
 It
is made beforehand. So it is a sort of
written language.
4. The language is rhetorical.
 parallelism,
metaphor, antithesis,
balanced structure, repetition of words
and phrases --- for force, vividness and
emotional appeal.
General analysis of a political
speech
1. He must try every possible means to
arouse the feelings of audience. What
he says represents the interests of the
whole people.
 successful
audience
appeal to the emotion of the
General analysis of a political
speech
2. specific policy
 The
speech must have high-sounding
words and empty promises
3. The speech must be concise and short
General analysis of a political
speech
4. clever-choice of words to convey
different meanings/tones.
5. the use of biblical style to make it
formal/ rigid.
6. the use of a lot of rhetorical devices to
make his address as powerful/
impressive as possible.
The social background
In what period in history did Kennedy
become president?

in 1960's
The social background
Cold war is sth. which marks the
situation in 1960's. The world is
mainly divided into two hostile camps.
1) socialist camp -- headed by the Soviet
Union
2) capitalist camp -- headed by the US
 The camps opposed each other politically.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
 The text
* Kennedy’s address 音频*
Detailed study of the text:
Para1 opening paragraph
 importance
/ significance of his election
as president of the US
1. observe
2. celebrate
freedom -We
celebrate freedom. People in
the US are free to choose their
president.
antithesis:
end -- the end of Eisenhower's presidential
term
beginning -- the beginning of Kennedy’s
presidential term
renewal ---- the continuation of presidency
and office of president
change -- the change from Eisenhower to
Kennedy
as well as
 ---
well balanced structure in Para.1
solemn
--- refer almost exclusive to an extremely
formal and inspiring religious ritual.
( grave ) very serious.
 a ~ oath 庄严的誓言
 a ~ dedication to the cause of freedom 为
自由事业而始终不渝的献身

prescribe --- set down / impose
 What
punishment does the law prescribe
for this crime?
 Government schools must work for a
prescribed number of days each year.
 Good citizens do what the laws prescribe.
 Someone who behaves as foolishly as
you have no right to prescribe how others
should behave.
Para.2
 the general situation of this world
 topic
sentence --- The world is very
different.
 In what way is the world different?
 The world is different in the way of
science and technology. People have
modern and advanced science and
technology.
the power -the power of science and technology
 with
the help of science and technology
1. People can become very rich.
2. People can be exterminated.
 Science
can be used to get rid of poverty.
 Science can be used to destroy all human
beings.
revolutionary belief --human rights
 All
men were created equal and God had
given them certain unalienable rights
which no state or ruler could take away
from them.
 see: Note 3
generosity, benevolence, good will,
kindness, unselfishness
These words refer to a well wishing
friendliness or concern for the needs
and desires of other people.
benevolence –
It has the widest range of any of these words
 suggesting
an expansive and good-humored
tolerance and sympathy for others
对别人善意的宽容与同情
 Working
conditions were sought as a right, not as
a ~ of their employer.
寻求良好的工作环境是权利，而不是雇主的恩赐。
generosity -- focuses
exclusively on the aspect of
giving
 referring to an unstintingly helpful act or
habit
 the generosity with which he shared his
toys with other children
比较
benevolence -- an unacted-upon feeling
generosity -- actual behavior
 eg.
He was a plantation owner who looked on
his slaves with benevolence but could hardly be
accused of treating them with generosity.
他是一个以仁慈之心看待他的奴隶而谈不上慷慨
厚待他们的庄园主。
good will –
good will --- referring primarily to
feeling
kindness --- to action
 He
insisted that he wanted only her good
will, not her kindness.
他坚持只领她的好意，而非她的帮助
（怜悯）。
unselfishness - point
to a generosity that is based on a
lack of self-concern , where generosity
may emphasize the quantity given,
possibly for ostentatious reasons,
unselfishness stress the effacing personal
sacrifice required --- even if a lessen
amount is given.
强调具备自我牺牲和自我埋没的行动
unselfishness - It
was the tax deduction involved, rather
than unselfishness, that prompted his
generosity to the charity drive.
促使他对慈善事业大施援手的动力不是
无私之心而是为了减税。
at issue --undecided , in dispute
 The
point at issue is whether you are
willing to go abroad or not .
 That is not the point at issue.
without issue –
to die without children
 He
died without issue.
Para.3
general policy of the US
human rights
torch
This refers to the privilege and burden
of leading the nation being passed to a
new generation. The original reference
is to the Olympic games before which
a torch is carried from runner to runner.
The flame of the torch eventually lights
a fire that signals the opening of
Olympics.
torch ---- metaphor
duty
revolution
responsibility --- of keeping human
rights
heritage
 --- all the qualities, traditions or
features of life that have been
continued over many years and passed
on from one generation to another,
used especially to refer to things that
are of historical importance or that
have had a strong influence on society.
heritage
Peking opera is part of our cultural
heritage.
This building is part of British national
heritage.
inheritance --1. money or property which you
receive from someone who is dead
2. a situation or state of affairs which
has been influenced by a particular
event, person, book etc.(heritage)
commit --commit oneself to (doing) sth
 be
committed to sth/ doing sth --promise/ pledge to do /support sth
 Allan has been committed to staying
there for a long time.
commit - He
has been committed to equal rights for
women.
 Deeply committed to his religion, he has
often spoken out against greed and
misuse of power.
 Nobody committed themselves to a
definite answer.
general policy of the US
 People
in the US must keep and defend
human rights not only in the US but also
in the world as well.
Para.4 strong determination
 Kennedy
puts the US to the leader, so he
says in order to keep human rights, we
shall....
survival and the success of liberty
 1.
the survival and the success of "free
democratic countries".
 2. the newly independent third world
countries
Para 5. transition
 A one
sentence paragraph that functions
as a transition from the general to the
specific. In the following paragraphs he
will be addressing different specific
groups of nations. This much we promise
to do and we promise to do more.
Para. 6
the specific policy toward his friends
and would-be friends
allies --ally. Britain, Canada, New Zealand,
Australia,/ West European countries
a
country that has a treaty or an
agreement to help and support another
country, esp. during a war.
allied --- adj.
 the Allied
and Associated Powers
协约国 WWI
 the Allied Military Government
联合国民政府 WWII
cultural and spiritual origins -- 1.
speak the same language /belong to the
some language family
 2. have the same religious belief
antithesis -United we can do everything.
Divided we can do nothing.
 ---
the importance of unity
a powerful challenge -a
strong, powerful threat posed by the
socialist camp
 If we are quarreling and split apart, we
can not compete with the strong,
powerful enemy in front of us.
Para. 7
Whom did he address?
 ---
some newly independent countries
Para. 7
1) He promises to aid (support) the
newly independent countries so that
they can remain free and independent.
ranks of the free -the community of free and
independent nations
a far more iron tyranny --- a
communist dictatorship
"riding the back of a tiger" -Compare "seeking the aid of socialist
countries" to "riding he back of a tiger"
Para. 7
2) Those countries which foolishly seek the
aid of socialist countries will end up by
losing their independence as many other
countries did in the past.
 It
is dangerous to ride the back of the tiger. If
you do, you will be swallowed up by the tiger.
 You will lose your power and independence .
Para 8
Whom did he address?
 the
developing countries
half the globe - the
continents of Africa and Asia
constitute almost one half of the land
surface of the globe.
bonds -- chains, fetters (pl)
 1.
chains, ropes that are used to tie down
a prisoner
 2. (fig) a feeling, duty or custom that
forces you to behave in a particular way
help them help - We
pledge to help them on condition that
they do their best and do what we ask
them to do.
Para. 9
He is speaking to Latin American
countries.
 Usually
the US regards the Latin
American countries as the backyard of
the US, for it has special interest in these
countries.
sister - careful
choice of word, implying equal
relationship, one family
 mutual good relations
 peaceful revolution = a new alliance for
progress
prey -- metaphor
 comparing
"peaceful revolution" to an
animal which might fall victim to enemy
nations.
 We will not allow any enemy country to
subvert this peaceful revolution which
brings hope of progress to all our
countries.
Para. 9
1. He offered special pledge that all
Latin American countries to work
together to make progress.
2. He warned the enemies not to
interfere in the internal affairs of these
countries, because we are master of
this hemisphere.
Para.10
 He is addressing the United Nations.
The UN is our last and best hope of
survival in a world where the
instruments of war have far surpassed
and exceeded the instruments of peace.
Para.10
instruments of war-- weapons, bombs,
for waging wars
instruments of peace -- machines,
tools for producing goods
Para.10
 1)
to prevent the UN from becoming an
assembly where people just criticize, insult and
abuse each other
 2) to strengthen the power of UN to protect the
newly independent and weak nations
 3) to enlarge the area in which its authority and
mandate would continue to be in effect or in
force
Para.11
He is speaking to the enemies,
especially the Soviet Union.
make themselves our adversary - clever
choice of words
 This phrase throws the blame for
confrontation and world tension on the
other party. The US has done nothing to
create enemies. It's the other side that is
challenging the US.
not pledge -- not promise
but a request -- but asking the other
side to consider his proposal
1) point out danger
 danger--
self destruction ( the Third
World War)
 Advanced weapons will destroy the
whole mankind
whether intentionally or accidentally
Para.11
anew -- again, in a new or different
way
quest -- a search or attempt to find
 The
quest for gold was long and difficult.
engulf -- (of the earth, the sea) to
destroy by swallowing up
 The
stormy sea engulfed the small boat.
Para.12
2) point out position of strength
 We
must be very strong. If we are weak, they
would attract us. We dare not be weak because
it might tempt the enemy to take rash actions.
tempt -- attract
 The
warm sun tempted us to go swimming.
 a tempting meal
Para.13
3) point out needs / situation (find no
comfort in present situation)
cold war / hostile confrontation
 a) Both sides are feeling the great
financial burden of the arms race.
 b) Both are made conscious of the
gradual spread of the terrible atom bombs.
Para.13
 c)
Both sides are trying to change this
uncertain balance of this terrible military
power which restrains / prevent each
group from launching the Third World
War.
Para.14-18
4) point out co-operation / different
proposals
trying to find out specific field in
which we can agree with each other.
sincerity is always subject to
proof - One's
sincerity must be proved by facts.
People may say or promise all kinds of
things but they must be proved by deeds.
subject to –
depending on 取决于，尚待，
在……的条件下
 They
have authority to decide, subject to
the minister's approval.
 The treaty is subject to ratification. 认可，
批准
 The plan is subject to confirmation.
belabor –
set upon with too much talk or advice
责备
 If
you belabor a point in a discussion or
explanation, you keep talking about it or
emphasizing it in a boring way.
 There is no need to belabor the point.
formulate -- work out
 If
you formulate sth such as a plan or
proposal, you invent it, thinking about the
details carefully.
 1. We had formulated our own strategy.
 2. Both sides have the need to formulate a
policy that will promote rather than
hinder peace.
inspection of arms - examining/
watching over carefully the
limitation of arms
absolute --- without limit
absolute -- complete
tap the ocean depths
 ---
draw upon or make use of the wealth
that lies deep in the oceans
 mine the ocean beds for valuable metals
etc.
heed –
give attention to
 She
didn't heed my warnings.
"undo the heavy burdens..."
 A Biblical
quotation is used in keeping
with his biblical style; in keeping his
Catholic upbringing.
What are the specific proposals?
1. control arms
2. use /develop science for peace purpose
instead of the war purpose.
 explore
the stars
 conquer the desert
 eradicate disease
 tap the ocean depths
 encourage the art and commerce
3. enjoy human rights
Para.19
point out purpose, object
 We
must work together to make a new
world order.
strong are just -- The strong nations do
not bully the weak.
weak secure -- The weak nations feel
safe.
Para.20 conclusion
one hundred days -- historical allusion,
 famous
period in American history, in
President F.D. Roosevelt's presidential
term
one hundred days
During the famous “hundred days”
( Mar-Jun. 1933), Roosevelt‘s
administration rushed through congress
a flood of anti-depression measures
(more than 70 bills for approval),
which were generally known as
Roosevelt’s “New Deal”. “新政”
*4image-10,11*
New Deal
Roosevelt 新政.doc
one hundred days
Bills:
 “Banking Act“




《银行法》
'' National Industrial Recovery Act"
《国家工业复兴法》
"Agricultural Adjustment Act"
《农业调整法》
The proposals can not be completed in a
short time, but let's try and begin.
Para.21-27
 He
appeals to his fellow Americans to
support him and to do everything they
can, even to sacrifice their lives for their
country.
Para.21-27
past --- Many Americans died for their
country. They showed their loyalty to
their country.
present --- Now our generation is
called upon to face the challenge of the
cold war, to struggle against poverty
and disease.
Para.21-27
twilight struggle --- not clear, abstract,
 Tyranny,
poverty, disease and cold wars
are not bloody wars.
“rejoicing in hope, patient in
tribulation”
---忍受困苦，向往未来
 biblical
language
 to be happy when things look bright and
hopeful
 to be patient in distress/ in trouble
Para.23
Rhetorical questions are more forceful.
assure --make sth. certain to happen
try to cause sb to believe or trust in sth.
to protect against death through money
 This
will assure your comfort.
 The only way to assure success is to work
hard.
 One more try will assure victory.
 Nothing can assure permanent happiness.
assure --~ sb. that -- The
captain of the ship assured the
passengers that there was no danger.
 I assure you this medicine cannot harm
you
ensure -- 1)
make sb. certain to get sth
 This medicine will ensure you a good
night's sleep.
 2) try to cause to believe
 I tried to ensure that everybody
understood the instruction.
 I can't ensure that he will be there in time.
insure –
protect against loss of money , life,
goods etc through money (by insurance)
 My
house is insured against fire and theft.
 The company will insure your house
against fire.
 He has insured himself for $2000.
insure –
 assure
sth
 assure sb. that - ensure sb sth
 ensure that ---
para. 24
emphasizing the situation and
responsibility
 He
tries to arouse American people's
emotions by saying you must be very
proud and glorious, for you are born in
this time and you are given such a great
duty.
para. 24
 He
deliberately exaggerates the sense of
urgency and he wants to make people feel
that they are sacrificing for an important
and glorious cause.
para. 24
freedom in its hour of maximum
danger
 We
are in the greatest danger of losing
freedom
para. 24
the energy; the faith the devotion =
light, fire, glow
 The
energy, the faith and the devotion
that the Americans bring to this task will
inspire not only the United States and her
people but also the whole world.
para 27 conclusion
 ask
of = inquire of (formal)
 (of sb) demand
us ---- the president and members of
his cabinet
you -- people of the US and the world
para 27 conclusion
 We
demand you to show high standards
of strength and sacrifice and we also want
you to demand us to show the same high
standards of strength and sacrifice.
"with a good conscience... "

Our reliable reward is only a good
conscience.
"with history the final...."
 History
will finally judge whether we
have done our task well or not.
para 27 conclusion
With God's blessing and help, let us
start leading the country we love,
knowing that on earth what we are
doing is God's work (which is just)
Organizational Pattern
4 sections.
 Sect.1.
para.1-5 with para5 as a transition
Introduction , the general statement of
the basic policy of the US
 "We shall pay any price,....."
Organizational Pattern
Sect.2
para.6-10
He addresses different groups of allied
nations and would-be allied nations;
friends and would-be friends.
Organizational Pattern
Sect.2
para.6-10
His specific policy towards them.
 1. the allies
 2. the newly independent countries
 3. the developing countries
 4. the Latin American countries
 5. the UN
Organizational Pattern
Sect.3
para.11-20
 His specific policy toward the enemy.
1. point out the danger
2. point out he position of strength
Organizational Pattern
3. point out the situation and need.
Both sides feel uneasy.
 a) Both sides are overburdened with the
cost of modern weapons.
 b) Both sides are anxious with the wide
spread arms.
 c) Both sides try to change the uncertain
balance of military power.
Organizational Pattern
Proposals:



1. control arms
2. use science for peace purpose
3. enjoy human rights
Object
 ---
to make a new world order
Organizational Pattern
Sect 4 para.21-27
conclusion
He calls on the Americans to support
him and to sacrifice their lives for their
country. He calls on the people of the
whole world to unit and work for the
freedom of men.
Language features
specific comment on the speech
 Kennedy
was an eloquent speaker. He is
specially trained. This speech is very
powerful and wonderful. He lays his
emphasis on the successful appeals to the
emotion of the listeners.
 well organized
 highly rhetorical
Language features
1. highly rhetorical ---parallelism, antithesis,
metaphor, simile, metonymy, hyperbole,
2. invoking the name of God, the use of
biblical style
3. the use of key abstract words:
 faith,
devotion, freedom, liberty, courage,
loyalty, belief
 These abstractions are impossible to define
precisely.
Language features
4. the use of heroic-sounding verbs
 explore,
conquer, dare, --- which are
inspiring and emotional.
5. more repetition in the structure of
paras, which gives the address a certain
rhythm.
fatal; deadly mortal lethal
fatal ---- It stresses inevitability and actual
result of death, destruction and disaster
 Many
fatal diseases have been prevented by
cleanliness and the proper medicine.
清洁的习惯和正当的使用药物，防止了许多致命
的疾病。
 This
piece of news was fatal to his political
future.
这则新闻毁了他的政治前途。
fatal; deadly mortal lethal
mortal ---It implies that death has
occurred or is certain to occur.
 All
men are mortal beings.
 She suffered from a mortal disease.
fatal; deadly mortal lethal
deadly -- It implies an extremely high
degree of probability rather than a certainty
of death
 Both
of the great and powerful groups of
nations are alarmed by the steady spread of the
deadly atom.
两个强大的国家都对致命的原子力量的不断扩展
感到震惊。
 A gun
器。
is a deadly weapon .枪是一种可怕的武
fatal; deadly mortal lethal
deadly -- It implies an extremely high
degree of probability rather than a certainty
of death
 Both
of the great and powerful groups of
nations are alarmed by the steady spread of the
deadly atom.
两个强大的国家都对致命的原子力量的不断扩展
感到震惊。
 A gun
器。
is a deadly weapon .枪是一种可怕的武
fatal; deadly; mortal; lethal
lethal --- It implies the existence of sth
is the condition of the cause of death.
 Cyanide
is a lethal poison.
氰化物是一种致死的毒素。
~ weapon 凶器
~ gas 致死的毒气
a

faithful; loyal; constant; staunch;
resolute
faithful-- It
implies a firm and unswerving
adherence to a person or thing to whom
or to which one is united by some ties as
marriage, friendship, honor, or allegiance.
指对婚姻，友谊，荣誉，或政治需要体
现出忠心和忠诚。
faithful; loyal; constant; staunch;
resolute
faithful-- He
has been a faithful friend to me for
many years
多年来他一直是我忠实的朋友。

A husband should be faithful to his wife.
faithful; loyal; constant; staunch;
resolute
loyal -- It
refers faithful to one's pledged word or to the
country, the leader, the institution or the
principle to which one feels oneself mortally
bound.
指受良心，正义感的影响对祖国，团体，事业表
现出的忠心忠诚
 We
are loyal to our beautiful country.
 He is loyal to his cause.
faithful; loyal; constant; staunch;
resolute
constant --- means unchanging faith to love
or cause.对事业，爱情的坚定，坚贞
 We
are constant to the communist ideals.我们
对共产主义理想坚定不移。
 He has been constant in his devotion to
scientific studies.
他坚毅地致力于科学研究。
 She
is constant to love.她对爱情忠贞不渝。
faithful ; loyal constant staunch
resolute
staunch - indicates
loyal or firm to political belief and
religious belief
 对宗教，政治信念表现出的毫不动摇的意志
和决心
 Mary is a staunch Christian. 玛丽是一个虔诚
的基督徒。
 He is a staunch supporter of his political party.
他是一位忠诚的政党拥护者。
faithful ; loyal constant
staunch resolute
resolute - steadfastness
and emphasize the determination
which cannot be broken down as a quality of
character. 强调决心无法动摇
 He was resolute in his decision to give up
smoking.
 The soldiers are resolute for victory. 战士们决
心争取胜利。
English Speech
Many people emphasize the 3S’s in
English speech
 Stand
up
 Say what you have to say
 Sit down
English Speech
Three ways to make a speech
memorized speech
extempore speech (notes)
impromptu speech
English Speech
Speech must by informative
 appealing
 entertaining
Basic organization:
 introduction
 the
main body
 conclusion
How to deliver a speech?
 Show
good manners (clothes, posture etc)
“natural”
 Don’t deliberately beat about the bush
“I don’t know how to speak”.
“Being asked so abruptly to speak. I feel
very nervous. I don’t have any preparations.”
How to deliver a speech?
 That’s
a waste of time. If you must
express your feeling of excuse, you only
need to say:
 “ I am not much of a public speaker.”
 “ I feel there is no way I can get out of
making a speech.”
How to deliver a speech?
 3.When
you make a mistake, you don’t
need to say “excuse me”. Only “well, let
me see …” “what I mean is …” will do.
Don’t scratch your head.
Don’t stick your tongue out.
How to deliver a speech?
 4. All
speeches may be started by “Ladies
and Gentlemen:” if on a rather formal
occasion , you should first say “Mr.
Chairman” and then “ Ladies and
Gentlemen:”
Welcome
 1.
Welcome to China.
 2. We are delighted to see you again.
 3. It is my special pleasure to welcome
you all here today.
Welcome
 4.
I take great pleasure in bidding you all
a hearty welcome to our company.
 5. On behalf of all my fellow students, I
wish to say a word of hearty welcome to
you.
 6. The fist thing that I would like to say to
Mr Wang is a hearty “welcome home”.
Congratulations
 1.
Let me congratulate you on your
success.
 2. It’s my great pleasure (privilege) to say
a word of congratulation to you.
 3. I am truly happy to speak for all of us
in congratulating Miss Wang, the winner
of the contest.
Congratulations
 4.
On behalf of the faculties of our school,
I want of take this opportunity to extend
our heartfelt congratulations to you on
your stunning victory in the speech
contest.
 5. You are to be congratulated for your
constant efforts.
Wedding ceremony
 To
bridegroom ---- congratulations
 To bride --- I wish you much happiness.
 We are gathered here today to celebrate
the wedding of my best friend, Wang Hua
and his wonder bride …
Wedding ceremony
 We
are here to witness the union of two lives in
marriage.
 I’m sure everyone here joins me in wishing you
two, the very best that life has to offer you in
your marriage.
 I will conclude by congratulating the young
couple on their marriage, and wishing them a
long life of happiness together.
Wedding ceremony
I
wish to conclude my speech with a
prayer for the continued happiness of the
newly married couple.
 Allow me to conclude my brief speech by
wishing the bride and bridegroom all
happiness and the best luck for the future.
Holidays
 Of
course, everybody knows what day it
is today. We are here today toe celebrate
the Spring Festival.
 I’m pleased and honored toe stand before
you today on this most beautiful of
holidays, Mother’s Day.
Holidays
 Merry
Christmas
 Happy New Year.
 Happy Thanksgiving.
 Thank you for your kind invitation to join
with you in this wonderful Thanksgiving
celebration.
Holidays
 It’s
a great honor for me to speak to you
all here tonight at this New Year party.
 Let me begin by saying “A happy New
Year” to all of you and especially to Mr.
Smith, our guest of honor.
Contest
 Welcome
to the finals of the speech
contest.
 Welcome and thanks toe our judges.
 It’s a great pleasure for me to declare
open the contest.
 Now let’s begin and let’s all give the
participant our support!
Contest
 Allow
me to conclude by once more
thanking the judges for their kind
cooperation and by wishing each of the
participants the very best of luck.
 Thank you all for coming, and we’ll look
forward to seeing you next year at he next
contest.
School activity
 Speaking
for all of us, I have to say that
we are full of excitement for the future
and gratitude for the chance given us to
study.
 This is the day to mark the end of our
studies and the beginning of a new life
for all of us.
School activity
 I’m
sure that we will all be interested in
hearing the latest of what is happening at
our school.
 Now, looking bock over those four years,
I can’t imagine how the time went by so
quickly.
Speech at a teacher’s birthday
Dear Miss Walker,

All of he students here want to wish
you the happiest of birthdays and many
more toe come in the future. We know
that it must be a little difficult for you to
have to celebrate a birthday in a foreign
country, but we hope you will have a
good time today.
Speech at a teacher’s birthday

We have brought this present for you
and we hope you will keep it for may
years to come. It is a cork carving,
famous throughout the world, and we
want you to think of China, and
especially us, whenever you look at it.
Speech at a teacher’s birthday

Today, we know you are 35 years old,
but we wonder about it. Many times, you
seem to be as young as us, your students,
in your attitudes and in your actions. We
always feel so close to you because you
seem to be one of us. I hope that when I
am 35 I will seem as young as you do
today.
Speech at a teacher’s birthday

We didn’t know very well what type of food
t serve at an American birthday party, and we
know you love Chinese food, so we decided to
make Chinese food for you today instead of
American food. This is truly an international
birthday party. Please sit down with us now and
eat and think and have a good time. Later, we
are all going to stand up sing “happy birthday”
to you and we really mean it.
Exercises
Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand,
Western European countries
May new nations in Africa, newly
independent countries are:
The Republic of Central Africa
The People’s republic of the Congo
The Gabon Republic (加蓬)
The Republic of Ghana (加纳)
The republic of Chad (乍得)
The Republic of Dahowmey 达荷美 (西非)
Paraphrase:
1.Our ancestors fought a revolutionary
war to maintain that all men were
created equal and god had given them
certain unalienable rights which no
state or ruler could take away from
them. But today this issue has not yet
been decided in many countries around
the world.
Paraphrase
2. This is much we promise to do and
we promise to do more.
3. United and working together we can
accomplish a lot of things in a great
number of joint undertakings.
Paraphrase
4. We will not allow any enemy
country to subvert this peaceful
revolution which will bring hope of
progress to all our countries.
Paraphrase
5.The United Nations is our last and best
hope of survival of liberty. Now the
instruments for waging war have far
surpassed and exceeded the instruments for
peace purpose.
6.To help the U.N. enlarge the area in
which its authority and order may continue
to be in effect.
Paraphrase
7. Before the terrible force of destruction,
which science can now release, which may
be planned or brought about by accident,
takes place.
8. Let both nations are trying to change as
quickly as possible this uncertain balance of
terrible military power which restrains each
group from launching mankind’s final war.
Paraphrase
9. So let us start once again to discuss
and negotiate and let us remember that
being polite is not a sign of weakness.
10.Let both sides try to call forth the
wonderful things that science can do
for mankind instead of the frightful
thing it can do.
Paraphrase
11. Each generation of Americans
have been called upon to prove their
loyalty to their country’s cause.
Paraphrase
12.With God’s blessing and help, let us start
leading the country we love, knowing that
on the earth what we are doing is God’s job.
Let the history finally judge whether we
have done our task well or not, but our sure
reward will be a good conscience, for we
will have worked sincerely and to the best
of our abilities.