CHAPTER 7
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Male
Reproductive
System
CHAPTER 7
Lesson 7.1
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2
OBJECTIVES
 Identify organs and structures of the male reproductive
system.
 Define and spell word parts related to the male reproductive
system.
 Define, pronounce, and spell disease and disorder terms
related to the male reproductive system.
 Define, pronounce, and spell surgical terms related to the
male reproductive system.
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3
THREADED CASE STUDY: FRANK
 As we learn about the male reproductive system, we will
follow the case of Frank, a window washer, tells Dr. Kane
about problems he's having with urination —urgency,
frequency, and an inability to completely empty his bladder.
 "Actually, it's kind of a funny story," Frank says. "What
happened was, I first noticed I had a problem when I was
working on this tall skyscraper downtown. I'm all the way up
on like the 32nd floor, when all of a sudden I feel like I
have really got to go, you know?"
 "So I come down on the outside lift, and nobody pays much
attention, and I go to the john and that's it. I go back up. Then
I'm washing windows on the 33rd floor, and I have to go
again!"
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THREADED CASE STUDY: FRANK
 "You know, when you're up on those platforms on the outsides of
tall buildings on a nice day, people like to watch. Some people in
the office building across the way started noticing that I kept
going up and down an awful lot — thirty -third floor to the ground
all afternoon!"
 Frank laughs and shrugs. "I drew a crowd at that office window.
What can I say? People just find me naturally entertaining, I
guess. But—I think I'd like to choose how I entertain people. So I
want to get this problem taken care of right away!"
 In addition to the urgency and frequency he's described, Frank
reports that, occasionally, he has blood in his urine. Dr. Kane will
perform a variety of diagnostic tests and procedures to identify
the cause of Frank's symptoms.
 But first, let's get a better understanding of a healthy male
reproductive system.
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5
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The male reproductive system is
composed of the testes, urethra,
penis, prostate gland, and
associated tubes.
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6
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM FUNCTION
 To produce, sustain, and transport sperm —the male
reproductive cell—and to secrete the hormone testosterone
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7
MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
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8
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 Testis, or testicle :
primary male sex organs, paired,
oval-shaped, and enclosed in a sac called the
scrotum. The testes produce spermatozoa
(sperm cells) and the hormone testosterone.
 Sperm (spermatozoon): the microscopic male germ
cell, which, when united with the ovum, produces
a zygote (fertilized egg) that with subsequent
development becomes an embryo.
 Testosterone : the principle male sex hormone. Its
chief function is to stimulate the development of
the male reproductive organs and secondary sex
characteristics such as facial hair.
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9
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
(CONT’D)
up to 900 coiled tubes within
the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs.
 epididymis: a coiled duct (6-m) tube atop each of
the testes that provides for storage, transit,
and maturation of spermatozoa; continues
with the vas deferens.
 vas deferens, ductus deferens, or seminal duct: duct
carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the
urethra. (The urethra also connects with the
urinary bladder and carries urine outside the
body. A circular muscle constricts during
intercourse to prevent urination.)
 seminiferous tubules:
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
(CONT’D)
two main glands located at the
base of the bladder that open into the vas
deferens. The glands secrete a thick fluid,
which forms part of the semen.
 prostate gland: encircles the upper end of the
urethra. The prostate gland secretes a fluid
that aids in the movement of the sperm and
ejaculation.
 scrotum: sac suspended on both sides of and
just behind the penis. The testes are enclosed
in the scrotum.
 seminal vesicles:
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
(CONT’D)
male organ of urination and copulation
(sexual intercourse)
 glans penis: enlarged tip on the end of the penis
 prepuce: fold of skin covering the glans penis in
uncircumcised males (foreskin of the penis)
 semen: composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and
other secretions
 genitalia (genitals): reproductive organs (male or
female)
 penis:
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SPERMATOZOON OR SPERM
 The sperm cell is about one five -hundredth of an inch long and
resembles a tadpole in its appearance. It consists of a head, a
cylindrical midpiece, and an elongated tail.
 Although approximately 300 million sperm cells are released
into the female reproductive tract with each coital ejaculation,
only 50 to 100 actually reach the ovum, and only one can
penetrate and fertilize a single egg.
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13
ANIMATIONS/ACTIVIT Y
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14
COMBINING FORMS FOR THE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Balan/o
Glans penis
Epididym/o
Epididymis
Orchid/o, orchi/o, orch/o,
test/o
- Testis, testicle






-
Prostat/o
Prostate gland
Vas/o
Vessel, duct
Vesicul/o
Seminal vesicle
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15
COMBINING FORMS COMMONLY USED WITH
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TERMS


-
andr/o
Male
sperm/o, spermat/o
Spermatozoon, (pl. spermatozoa) sperm
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16
SUFFIX
 -ism
- State of
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EXERCISE FIG A
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18
CLICKER QUESTION
Orchid/o, orchi/o, orch/o and test/o are all combining forms for
testicle.
a)
T
b)
F
Answer) True
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19
ORIGINATION AND TRANSPORTATION OF
SPERM
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20
THREADED CASE STUDY: FRANK
 Frank tells Dr. Kane that he has had a vasectomy. The purpose
of a vasectomy is male sterilization. "After our third," Frank
says, "my wife and I decided not to have any more kids."
Frank's vasectomy reduced his sperm cell count to zero.
 The male reproductive system produces and maintains
the spermatozoa (sing.,spermatozoon), the male sex cells, and
also secretes several hormones. Two very important hormones
are androgenand testosterone, which stimulate the
development of male physical characteristics. Sperm cells
contain half of the genetic material that forms each living
being.
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21
DISEASE AND DISORDER TERMS
BUILT FROM WORD PARTS
Anorchism
State of absence of testis
Balanitis
Inflamation of the glans penis
Balanorrhea
discharge from the glans
penis
 benign prostatic hyperplasia
(BPH)
− Excessive development
pertainting to the prostate
gland



−
Cryptorchidism
State of hidden testes
Epididymitis
Inflammation of an
epididymis
 Orchiepididymitis
− Inflammation of the testis
and epididymis

−

−
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DISEASE AND DISORDER TERMS
BUILT FROM WORD PARTS
 orchitis, orchiditis, testis
 Inflammation of the testis or
testicle
 Prostatisis
− Inflammation of the prostate
gland
 Prostatocystitis
− Inflammation of the prostate
gland and the bladder
Prostatolith
Stone in the prostate gland
Prostatorrhea
Discharge from the prostate
gland
 Prostatovesiculitis
− Inflammation of the prostate
gland and seminal vesicles

−

−
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23
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
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DISEASE AND DISORDER TERMS
NOT BUILT FROM WORD PARTS
 erectile dysfunction
− Inability of the male to attain
or maintain an erection
suf ficient to preform sexual
intercourse
 Hydrocele
− Scrotal swelling caused by a
collection of fluid
 Phimosis
− Tightness of the prepuce
(foreskin) that prevents its
retraction over the glans
penis
 Priapism
− Persistent abnormal erection
of the penis accompanied by
pain and tenderness
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DISEASE AND DISORDER TERMS
NOT BUILT FROM WORD PARTS
 prostate cancer
− Cancer of the prostate gland;
usually later in life
 testicular cancer
− Cancer of the testicle; 15 to
35 yrs old
 testicular torsion
− Twisting of the spermatic cord
causing decreased blood flow
to the testis
 Varicocele
− Enlarged veins of the
spermatic cord
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ANIMATIONS/SPEAK AND SPELL
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dia/07s02l0206/07s02l0206p1.html
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001#/content/463633674?view=https:%2F%2Fevolve.elsevier
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tml
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27
THREADED CASE STUDY
 Frank confides to Dr. Kane, "Whenever I have any kind of
problems like the ones I'm having now, I always think it could
be cancer. I know that probably doesn't make much sense, but
I can't help thinking about it because my brother Sam had
testicular cancer when he was younger. And I'm older now, so
I figure that my chances can only increase, right?"
 Actually, Frank is only partially right.
 Dr. Kane has ruled out any obstructions or disorders of the
penis or urethra. Now she turns her attention to a possible
prostate disorder as the key to Frank's symptoms.
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VARICOCELE
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HYDROCELE
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PROSTATE
CANCER
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PROSTATE
CANCER
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PROSTATE
CANCER
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Syphilis. A) Treponema pallidum, organism responsible for syphilis viewed
microscopically; B) Primary syphilis, depicting a syphilitic chancre. C) Secondary
syphilis, depicting rash on palms of hands.
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Balanitis: inflammation of the glans penis
Cryptorchidism: state of hidden testes
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THREADED CASE STUDY
 However, the penis may also be affected by structural
abnormalities. For example, one of the first things Frank's
physician does is check for phimosis(phim/o), a structural
disorder in which the prepuce, or foreskin, fits so tightly over the
glans penis that it cannot retract (see illustration). This condition
can obstruct the flow of urine and lead to infection, because of
the accumulation of secretions under the foreskin.
 "Still," Frank says, "I think I would have noticed if I had that."
 Phimosis is treated with circumcision, the surgical removal of
the prepuce.
 Another disorder of the glans penis is a balanocele, or protrusion
of the glans penis through a rupture of the prepuce.
 "This, too," Dr. Kane explains, "can interfere with the flow of
urine."
 "Well, that is something I would have noticed by now,” says
Frank. “Once you hit the locker rooms in junior high, you usually
figure out if you've got something a little different."
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CLICKER QUESTION
Which of the following means discharge from the prostate
gland?
a)
phimosis
b)
hydrocele
c)
prostatorrhea
d)
Prostatitis
Answer) C
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37
SURGICAL TERMS BUILT
FROM WORD PARTS








balanoplasty
epididymectomy
orchidectomy, orchiectomy
orchidopexy, orchiopexy
orchidotomy, orchiotomy
orchioplasty
Prostatectomy
Prostatocystotomy





Prostatolithotomy
Prostatovesiculectomy
Vasectomy
Vasovasostomy
Vesiculectomy
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VASECTOMY
1.
2.
3.
4.
Incision is made into the covering of the
vas
Vas is exposed
Segment of vas is excised
Vas is replaced and skin is sutured
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39
SURGICAL TERMS NOT BUILT
FROM WORD PARTS






circumcision
hydrocelectomy
suprapubic prostatectomy
transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)
Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
Transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)
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SUPRAPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY
LARGE INCISION SURGERY
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LAPAROSCOPIC PROSTATECTOMY
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TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION
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THREADED CASE STUDY
 Results of Frank's PSA assay make Dr. Kane decide it's time to
test him further for possible prostate cancer. Diagnosis of
prostate cancer will be confirmed by biopsy of tissue from the
gland. Frank will next undergo atransrectal ultrasound (TRUS),
which uses sound waves to help visualize the prostate gland, to
assess suspicious areas, and to guide placement of the biopsy
needle.
 Dr. Kane has conducted a thorough physical assessment,
including the digital rectal examination, which has revealed
a unilateralenlargement of the prostate gland. Lab results also
show that Frank's PSA level, which normally would measure 0 to
4 mg/L, is at 6. However, mild elevations in PSA can occur with
other prostate disorders, so further tests are needed.
 The next challenge is to check Frank's levels of prostatic acid
phosphatase (PAP). An elevated level of PAP specifically
pinpoints cancer of the prostate.
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THREADED CASE STUDY
 Frank is back to discuss his test results. Let's briefly review
his medical history.
 Earlier, we learned that Frank had had a vasectomy. In this
procedure, the vas deferens is surgically closed of f for the
purpose of sterilization. Analyzing the semen for the presence
of sperm is a way to evaluate the ef fectiveness of this
procedure. It is possible to reverse a vasectomy through a
procedure called vasovasostomy, which is the creation of
artificial openings between the once -severed ducts. The figure
on the right illustrates a vasectomy procedure.
 After a biopsy of Frank's prostate tissue, Dr. Kane concludes
that Frank is in the early stages of prostate cancer. Together,
Frank and his physician will review his treatment options.
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45
CLICKER QUESTION
Which of the following is the surgical removal
of the foreskin of the penis?
a)
vasectomy
b)
vesiculectomy
c)
circumcision
d)
hydrocelectomy
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46
FRANK
 Frank's surgery goes well. Afterward, Dr. Kane stops by to tell
Frank's wife, Louisa, that there was absolutely no spread of
the cancer to other tissues, and that Frank required no blood
transfusions during the procedure. A full recovery is well
underway by the time Frank goes home from the hospital two
days later. Had Frank's PSA levels continued to rise —or had
there been evidence of metastasis —Dr. Kane would have
suggested adjuvant hormone therapy to minimize recurrence.
However, there has been neither metastasis nor elevated PSA
levels, so Frank is sent home with only some painkillers. At
home, Frank complains of some urinary incontinence, but
within a couple of weeks, this resolves.
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47
FRANK
 Frank has now had a complete recovery
from his surgery and is back at work.
 "This week I've been working on the
windows on the 42nd floor of a finance
building," he says. "It sure is funny how
some people are really drawn to
watching us work. Doesn't bother me,
though," he says. "I like being an
entertainer."
 "The nice thing, though," he says, "is
that I can choose my own antics
now...I'm not going up and down that lift
all day long!
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SPEAK AND SPELL
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49
CHAPTER 7
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Lesson 7.2
50
OBJECTIVES
 Define, pronounce, and spell diagnostic terms related to the
male reproductive system
 Define, pronounce, and spell complementary terms related
to the male reproductive system.
 Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related to the male
reproductive system.
 Interpret, read, and comprehend medical language in
simulated medical statements and documents.
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51
DIAGNOSTIC TERMS NOT
BUILT FROM WORD PARTS
 Diagnostic imaging
 transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
 Laboratory
 prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
 semen analysis
 Other
 digital rectal examination (DRE)
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52
COMPLEMENTARY TERMS
BUILT FROM WORD PARTS




andropathy
aspermia
oligospermia
spermatolysis
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53
COMPLEMENTARY TERMS NOT
BUILT FROM WORD PARTS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
artificial insemination
azoospermia
chlamydia
coitus
condom
ejaculation
genital herpes
gonads
gonorrhea
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54
COMPLEMENTARY TERMS NOT
BUILT FROM WORD PARTS
(CONT’D)
heterosexual
homosexual
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
human papillomavirus
infertility
orgasm
puberty
sexually transmitted disease (STD)
sterilization
syphilis
trichomoniasis
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55
LIST OF MALE AND FEMALE
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
DISEASES
 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome








human immunodeficiency virus infections
syphilis
genital herpes
venereal warts (human papilloma virus)
gonorrhea
chlamydia
trichomoniasis
cytomegalovirus infections
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56
ABBREVIATIONS








AIDS
BPH
DRE
ED
HIV
HPV
PSA
RP





STD
TRUS
TUIP
TUMT
TURP
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57
CLICKER QUESTION
Which of the following is an STD?
a)
orgasm
b)
digital rectal exam
c)
coitus
d)
chlamydia
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58
INTERACT WITH MEDICAL
RECORDS
CHIEF COMPLAINT: Severe lower abdominal pain and the inability to void for the past 12 hours.
PRESENT ILLNESS: Andrew Nguyen is a 75-year-old Asian-American man who came into the emergency department at 3 am stating that he was in great p ain and could not urinate. He
had not been seen by a physician for several years but claimed to be in good health except for “a little high blood pressure. ” The patient reports urinary frequency, nocturia x2,
hesitancy, intermittency, and diminished force and caliber of the urinary stream. He also has post-void dribbling and the sensation of not having completely emptied the bladder.
Earlier today, he had hematuria at the end of urination.
MEDICATION ALLERGIES: None
CURRENT MEDICATIONS: Benadryl 25 mg. at bedtime.
PHYSICAL EXAM: Temperature 98.6ºF. Blood pressure 140/90. Pulse 98. Respirations 24. Palpation of the abdomen shows a suprapubic mass Approximately three fingerbreadths below
the umbilicus, dull to percussion, and slightly tender.
IMPRESSION: Urinary bladder distention caused by urinary outlet obstruction, probably from benign prostatic hyperplasia.
PLAN: Indwelling Foley catheter for relief of urinary obstruction. Urology consult.
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