ASSALAMUALAIKUM & GOOD MORNING
FOR MUSLIM: ALWAYS FOLLOW THE WAY OF ISLAM COMPLETELY
FOR NON MUSLIM: ALWAYS SET GOAL BEFORE WORKING TOWARDS IT
PLASTICS
TYPES OF PLASTIC
 There are 2 types of plastic that is:
a) Thermoplastics
- A polymer that softens ans melts gradually
when heated and it can be reshaped when
still warm.
b) Thermosets
- A polymer that can’t be reshaped after
manufacture
Thermoplastics
 polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene
& polyvinyl chloride (PVC) most common
thermoplastics
 Any object made from thermoplastic can be
remolded into a new shape.
 Thermoplastics creep considerably more than
thermosets, particularly at higher temperature
 Can be used for light structural properties
Polystyrene
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has specific gravity of 1.05
It tensile strength is low, less than 48.5 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity is low
has good water resistance and dimensional
stability and inexpensive (cheap)
 But it possesses poor heat resistance, limited
weather resistance.
 It is brittle and lacks toughness
 Pure polystyrene that is crystal clear used
for storage container and cups.
 Polystyrene and expanded polystyrene used
in tiles, packaging, containers, foams and
housewares.
 Foamed polystyrene used in poured-inplace concrete wall systems & as insulation
boards for foundation walls, masonry and
wood walls and roofing.
Polystyrene Sheeting
In-situ concrete flooring on 300mm of Expanded
Polystyrene insulation.
Polystyrene Block ( Usage In Construction )
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
 Specific gravity about 1.39
 It’s made from monomer, vinyl chloride
 Tensile strength low nearly like polystyrene
 It’s an excellent insulator
 Used in raincoats and shower curtains
 Extensively used in floor tiles, electric
cables, flexible sheeting, hoses, pipes,
expansion joint filler, ,moldings, luggage,
decorative wall coverings,
Multi-Lock Industrial Warehouse Floor Tile Made Using
PVC
PVC Vinyl Floor Tile
PVC pipe
Polyethylene
 Specific gravity of 0.92
 Tensile strength very low, less than 13.8
Mpa
 Modulus of Elasticity is very low
 It’s tough, weather-resisting plastic &
durable
 Has excellent electrical properties
 Has favorable chemical resistance
 It’s common application is as polyethylene
bags
 Polyethylene used in manufacture of films,
sheets, pipings, tanks, foams, electrical
conduit and moldings.
 Polyethylene films & sheets used as
dampproof courses, membranes & curing
membranes
Polyethylene Plastic
Polyethylene Bags
Product Made Using Polyethylene
Polypropylene
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Has low specific gravity like polyethylene
Low modulus of elasticity
lightest material of all thermoplastics
Has a higher softening point and shinier
Good heat resistance but degrades under
exposure to sunlight
 Has good abrasion resistance and hardness
 Used for pipes, sheets, geomembranes
Polypropylene Sheets Protector Pack
Geomembranes Made Using Polypropylene
Polypropylene Pipe Fittings
Acrylics
 Crystal clear in natural form
 has good weather resistance and ease of
forming
 Tensile strength higher than other
thermoplastic material
 Used in light fittings, skylights, screen
doors, paints and adhesives
Acrylic
Acrylic Shower Base, Screen and Door
Thermosets
 Most popular thermosets are unsaturated
polyester, epoxides, phenol-formaldehyde
and polyurethane.
 Polyester used in manufacture of fiberglass
product and composite materials
 Phenol-formaldehyde used in lavatory seats,
electrical fittings and equipment decorative
laminates.
Rope Made Using Polyester
Beaker Made Using Phenol Formaldehyde
Advantages Of Plastic
 It has high damping capacity ( ability to
absorb part of the vibrational energy) that
makes it suitable in application where
vibration is encountered.
 Excellent water resistant.
- It have low water-absorption properties
making suitable as impervious membrane
layers that could prevent movement of
water. Application in foundation, water
supply installation, for concrete curing
 It’s lower prices have contributed to the
universal application of plastic. Low cost
 Plastics have a favorable strength / weight
ratio. It has low density (less than half of the
concrete and 1/7 steel)
 Since plastic is light, it present ease in
handling, transportation, storage and assembly.
 Most plastics are generally maintenance free
and have good corrosion resistance
 Thermal insulation of plastic is higher than
other material.
- used extensively as wall & ceiling insulation in both
cast-in-place (as foamed insulation) and precast
constructions (as rigid insulation)
 Plastics can be molded to any shape and pattern.
 Plastic products come in variety of colors & textures.
- Manufactured plastics have good surface finish and
may not require maintenance.
- It’s availability in many color & texture makes it
commonly used for floor, wall tiles & countertops.
 Plastics can be manufactured with consistent quality.
Disadvantages Of Plastic
 It has low stiffness and strength which make
it can be used for load bearing construction
- It is subject to creep, that is the increase in
deformation, under load, with time
- Rate of creep of plastic higher than concrete
- Creep deformation increases with stress level
- Therefore, plastics become dimensionally
unstable under load.
 Plastics are combustible/flammable material.
 Plastics emits toxic gases such as carbon
monoxide during burning.
 Plastics may emit dense smoke, thereby
making escape more difficult.
- Shouldn’t be used in exits areas of building
such as around stairways and corridors
 Expensive and subject to uncertainties arising
for the oil price fluctuations.
 Acoustical insulation of plastic is poor.
Modified Plastic
 Addition substances can be added to the
plastic during manufacturing process to
improve the properties of the plastic.
 Plasticizers to soften the plastic & make it
easier for shaping.
 Antioxidants prevent degradation by light
and heat.
 Colorants give color to plastic
 Fibers to improve strength of thermoplastic &
thermosets
Fiber Reinforced Plastic
 For application requiring very high tensile strength
 Fibers added not only increase stiffness & strength
but also reduce shrinkage, improve abrasion
resistance & provide dimensional stability to plastic
resin.
 This is a light weight, high strength & corrosion
resistance material.
 In civil engineering application for pedestrian
bridges, bridge repair and as prestressing tendons.
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GOOD LUCK