MATERIAL SCIENCE
Multifunctional Polymer Engineering of
CuSo4 doped Polystyrene polymer film
complexes
*K.K.Kamani, Sannappa. J, B.Linghanaih, H. Gopalappa,
A.B Banakar and Project students
Department of Physics Government Science
College,P.G.Center,Chitradurga.577501.Karnataka
Kuvempu University Shimoga , Karnataka INDIA
Mobile: 09448249261
Profkamani@gmail.com
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Polymeric Materials
CuCo4 Polymer and dopants
Material and Methods
Experimental Techniques
Characterization Methods
Uv., Dielectric, Conductivity
Results and Discussions
Conclusion
Refrences
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The life is complex structure of natural polymers.
Natural polymers are having metabolic activities of
mobility, diffusion due to polar molecules and dielectric
properties.
The electro positivity and negativity always influences
the transportation of the ions from one end to other.
The transition state of the matter-softmatter-liuid phase
and its rate of reaction results macro. Micro molecular
polymerizing structures
The attachments of the smaller unites forming a complex
structure is called polymer.
The single unites (monomers) with dielectric property
makes adhesiveness of the many unites (Poly) called
molecular chain complexes or polymers. The diversified
attachments (bonding) of the monomers and chain
ceasing of special polymer is the beauty of the life.
Variation percentages of these polymeric materials
strictures are having plenty of applications
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Polystyrene polymer &CuSo4 After doping a
it is possible that Polymer complex is formed due
to the do pant molecules.
Polystyrene polymer has desirable electric
properties for use in structure characteristics.
Polystyrene polymer within which the ions
are embedded at dielectric properties CuSo4
doped Polystyrene with optical bio satiability of
polymer film composites.
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The physical and chemical properties of a polymer needed for specific
application may be obtained by adding or doping like metal salts.
Polystyrene, CuSo4 doped Polystyrene films were prepared in the lab.
These films subjected to UV visible absorption and dielectric
properties study suggests that the formation of charge transfer
complexes. Although the conduction mechanism is unclear, it is
generally accepted that the dissociated metal cat ions contribute
to DC conductivity by achieving mobility through the microBrownian motion of polymer.
These ion-conduction polymers have extensively importance
in industrial applications such as a polymer battery. That is
why most studies to date have focused on the motion of ions.
The degree of orientation of the polymer chains is affected by
the moldings thickness. Thin moldings are more highly oriented
and therefore give the highest strength and module values
parallel to the flow direction.
The degree of orientation of the polymer chains is affected by
the moldings thickness. Within the limits of decomposition
temperatures, higher molding temperatures lead to higher
orientation and consequently to higher strengths and module.
The reports of these thickness and observed properties are new
things in the CuSo4 doped Polystyrene polymer film matrix.
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Now a days the vigorous development of polymer science
and the extensive utilization of polymeric materials in all
fields of technology have led to an increased interest in the
various problems of the physics and chemistry of polymers.
Micro fabrication uses integrated-circuit (IC) manufacturing
technology supplemented by its own processes to create
miniaturized three dimensional objects of ranging from
micro to nanometer scale.
Conducting polymers exhibit a wide range of novel
electrochemical and chemical properties that has led to their
use in a diverse array of applications including sensors
switchable membrane anti-corrosive coatings biosensors
electronic devices and rechargeable batteries.Traditional
surface modification is performed by a varietyof methods,
including chemical reaction in solution, physicaladsorption,
and various irradiation techniques with subsequentgraft
polymerization.
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conduction mechanism is unclear, it is generally accepted
that the dissociated metal cations contribute to DC
conductivity by achieving mobility through the microBrownian motion of polymer segments Conversely, the
dissociated anions move independently of the polymer
motion
These ion-conductive polymers have been studied
extensively mainly because of their importance in industrial
applications such as a polymer battery. That is why most
studies to date have focused on the motion of ions
However, this polymer electrolyte also has potential as a
medium for electrochemical processes and it is important to
study the local environment of the polymer within which
the ions are embedded.
The fabrication of new polymeric materials exhibiting
precisemolecular weights, chain densities, and
nanoarchitectures can be readily accomplished in bulk
solution or from surfaces using controlled, chain growth
polymerizations that proceed without irreversible chain
transfer or chain termination.
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The thermoplastic Polystyrene polymer and CuSo4
chemicals were obtained Sd fine chemicals,
Mumbai, India.
Films of these polymers were prepared using
Polymer press equipment model PF-A-15, the
prepared films of thickness around 0.5mm were
used for optical & electrical studies were done by
model HIOKI 3532-50 LCR HiTESTER Version 2.3
(frequence range 42Hz-5MHz, programmable) and
UV-visible spectro photo meter.
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Set the temperature of model PF-A-15 plates to the melting
temperature of the samples and place theploystyrien polymer
granules of wt 0.80% (20-25 granules)and wt 0.20% CuSo4 in
the dies.
Place the dies between the plates and rotate the screw so that
it gets fixed to the die and tight the pressure knob.
Now switch on the temperature control unit for sample to its
melting temperature when the temperature reaches the
melting point as set in the control unit tight(rotate the knob)of
the die, then apply pressure nearly between 8-10 tones.
When pressure reaches 8-10 tones switch off the pressure
knob and maintain the same pressure for 1 to 2 minutes.
Then switch off the temperature control unit & release the
water slowly to flow through the plates when temperature
reaches 400_450 release pressures by removing pressure knob,
Repeat the same procedure for all the samples of polymer.
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The prepared film samples of thickness around
0.545mmwere used for the characterization technique of
UV-visible, ATIR & electrical studies like conductivity
and dielectric measurements. The complex matrix films
electrical properties and optical properties of UV visible
absorption results the different optical levels for different
do pants. These optical transitions create Charge Transfer
Complexes leading to the increase in carrier
concentration. The dielectric properties and electrical
conductivity of the samples is measured. The aim of the
present work is to investigate the Charge transfer complex
[CTC], electrical & dielectric nature and variations in
optical band gaps with micro-Brownian motion of
polymer segments. Polystyrene composites widely used
for its stiffness and clarity in various industrial fields with
broader modern technological applications.
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Films of Polystyrene polymers were prepared using
Polymer press equipment model PF-A-15,
Electrical studies were done by model HIOKI 3532-50
LCR Hi TESTER Version 2.3 (frequency range 42Hz5MHz, programmable
Optical studies like UV visible absorption and optical
band gaps measured by UV-visible spectra photo meter.
P.G.Center. Government Science College Chitradurga
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UV-visible studies: The prepared samples were subjected
UV visible absorption studires. TheCuSo4 doped
polystyriene films of 0.2m and 0.5m different thickness
prepared sample charecterised by UV visble absorption
studies [Model] Dept of chemistry, PG-Centre Govt
science college Chitradurga The absorption of light
energy in the UV and visible region by the polymer
molecules causes transitions of electrons in , and n
orbitals from ground state to higher energy states which
are described by molecular orbitals.
A plot of (αhν)1/2 verses hν shows a linear behavior
Extrapolation of this linear portion of the curve to zero
absorption gives the optical energy band gap Eg
The optical energy band gap is determined by translating
the UV–visible spectra into Tauc’s plot using the
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The light absorption for a homogeneous, isotropic
medium containing an absorbing compound at
thickness t, is described by Beer- Lambert law
difference light intensity before and after
absorption.
These molecular orbital’s which degenerate on
each monomer unit overlap in space and lift their
degeneracy by forming series of extended
electronic states i.e. energy bands
The bonding and anti-bonding molecular unit
orbital’s lead to polymer valence and conduction
bands. The electronic transitions that are involved
in the UV-Visible region are , , and .
Compounds containing nonbonding electrons i.e.
oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur [So4] and halogen atom
shows transitions.
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The optical band gaps of the Polystyriene doped CuSo4 films in
Tack’s plotes shows decreasing trade in smaller thickness and
increasing trade of optical band gaps for the increasing thickness.
These bands may be further divided into different modes viz.,
asymmetric, symmetric, scissoring, wagging, twisting, and
rocking.
Experimental observations of pure Polystyrene 0.2 thickness of
Energy band gap is about 1.06810307 eV after doping Eg is found
to be Eg 0.966103954.
Where as the pure 0.5 thickness film Eg of 1.1514438 eV after
doping with Cuso4 the optical band gap is increased to the Eg of
1.241004 eV.
This may be due to broad distribution of doping material into the
plystyrene polymer matrix. At the smaler thickness the optical
band gaps shrinkage due to multiplicity modes of vibrations.
The presence of these defects might lead to the formation of
lower-energy states
The multiplicity of vibrations occurring simultaneously produce
a highly complex absorption.
These complexes results the charge transfer complexes within the
matrix elements of composite thin films.
The prepared samples were charecterised by Dielectric and AC
conductivity studies have been undertaken using impedance
analyzer model HIOKI 3532-50 LCR HiTESTER Version 2.3
(frequence range 42Hz-5MHz, programmable).
The Polystyriene polymer unlike in the conductor and
semiconductor, contain no free charge carriers that can move in
the presence of electric field to conduct current.
The valence electrons in dielectrics are tightly bound to their
parent atoms or molecules. But the oppositely charged species
may be relatively displaced from equilibrium positions under an
electric field or potential gradient or even by thermal
fluctuations.
As a result of the formation of atomic or molecular dipoles and
the alignment of these dipoles with respect to the direction of the
applied electric field, the material will be polarized on a
macroscopic scale as well.
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Polarization, electronic, ionic and orientational
polarization, can exist in dielectric materials.
The electronic polarization occurs during every cycle
of the applied voltage even when the frequency of
the applied voltage is very high in the optical range
(~1015 Hz).
The polarization vector, , which is defined as dipole
moment per unit volume, for any dielectrics,
produced by the application of electric field is given
by
Where, is the dipole moment and qi and are
the charges, and respective cordinates
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If an electric field is applied to such a film
material, the electric field converts the initially
random polarization into a partially coherent one
along the field on a macroscopic scale. Such
phenomenon is known as orientational
polarization.
This process is temperature dependent. The
orientation polarization occurs, when the
frequency of the voltage is in the audio range
(~104 Hz).
This type of polarization, in polystyrene doped
CuSo4 polymeric materials, involve a limited
rotation of the dipolar side groups attached to the
polymeric chain and occurs at much lower
frequencies depending on the temperature.
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These films in 0.2 and 0.5 when in pur state shows the
slow variational conductance, how ever when it is
doped with CuSo4 abrupt increase in the values with
the field. [fig3]
The counter verification of high impedance of these
films shows steep decrease with lower frequency and
exponentially with increasing frequencies.
This exponential decremental behaviuor of impedance
of these films generation of dipole and dielectric nature
of the samples.
The thermal setting of the atoms and molecules
consisits later permanent dipoles exbiting the magnetic
moments in multiple molecular setting reflecting the
electrical natures of the samples
Here resistance has decreased and as a result inductive
effect and capacitive effect have become more
prominent.
There multiple layers of polystyriene doped CuSo4
samples are having the applicatiuons in optoelectronics
and magnetic sensors
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Impedance is a power full method of characterizing many of the electrical
properties of electrolyte materials and their interfaces with electronically
conducting electrodes
Electrical characteristics involve with CuSo4 rotation, and to Polymeric
materials with predominantly electronic conduction
7
PST0.2
PST0.2(Tio2)
PST0.5
PST0.5(Tio2)
3.0x10
7
2.5x10
7
IMPEDENCE
2.0x10
7
1.5x10
7
1.0x10
6
5.0x10
0.0
200
400
600
FREQUENCY
800
1000
As the frequency increases the impedance turns off to the zero for the cuso4dopant
concentration with the selected thickness
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The broad distribution of CuSo4 material into the Polystyrene polymer
matrix.
At the smaller thickness the optical band gaps shrinkage due to
multiplicity modes of vibrations, resulting the charge transfer complexes
within the matrix elements of composite thin films.
The optical band gaps of CuSo4 films in Tack’s plotes shows decreasing
trade in smaller thickness and increasing trade of optical band gaps for the
increasing thickness.
The verification of high impedance of these films shows steep decrease with
lower frequency and exponential decrement behavior generation of dipole
and dielectric nature of the samples.
The thermal setting of the atoms and molecules consists later permanent
dipoles exciting the magnetic moments in multiple molecular setting
reflecting the electrical natures of the samples.
The Properties like Polarization, electronic, ionic and orientation these
complex film composites similar to dielectric materials.
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The Cuso4 doped Polystyrene film composites Results Charge
Transfer complexes (CTC.)
The doping in different thicknesses alters the electronic properties&
creates defects levels.
The presence of defects such as anions, cat ions, radicals, organic species
etc may result in the formation of new energy levels within the polymer.
The selection of the suitable specific CuSo4 do pant in a polystyrene
defines the required composites of shift in wavelength describes the
energy conversion and storage.
MOSFET device dimensions continue to scale down into the sub-0.1micron regime, the required CuSo4 and other SiO2 and Tio2 gate-dielectric
thickness.
As Polystyrene Polymers composites are light in weight by replacing usual
materials in micro-engineering material structures can be substituted
Trends in VLSI and micro-engineering material structuresare highlighted.
Complimentary metaloxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology combined.
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