13 Colonies
New England Colonies
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
• Massachusetts
• New Hampshire
New England
• Climate and Physical Features
–Rocky Soils
–Short farming season
–Subsistence farming
–Bad farming conditions
–Great harbors for port
• Cities like Boston
New England
• Economic Comparative
Advantage
–Commercial businesses ($$$)
• Fishing
• Shipping
• manufacturing
New England
• Why colonies were started
–Religious freedom
–Pilgrims, Puritans fled
England for Massachusetts
The New England Colonies
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Rhode Island
• Founded: 1636 by Roger Williams and
others, at Providence
• Major Industry: Agriculture (livestock,
dairy, fishing), Manufacturing
(lumbering)
• Major Cities: Providence
• Colony Named for: Dutch for "red island"
• Became a State: May 29, 1790
Connecticut
• Founded: 1636 by Thomas Hooker and
others, at Hartford
• Major Industry: Agriculture (wheat, corn,
fishing)
• Major Cities: Hartford, New Haven
• Colony Named for: from an Algonquin
word, quinnehtukqut, "beside the long
tidal river"
• Became a State: February 6, 1788
Massachusetts
• Founded: 1630 by John Winthrop and others, at
Massachusetts Bay
• Major Industry: Agriculture (fishing, corn,
livestock), Manufacturing (lumbering,
shipbuilding)
• Major Cities: Boston, Quincy, Plymouth, Salem,
Lexington, Concord
• Colony Named for: Massachusetts tribe (word
means "large hill place")
• Became a State: February 6, 1788
New Hampshire
• Founded: 1638 by John Wheelwright and
others
• Major Industry: Agriculture (potatoes,
fishing), Manufacturing (textiles,
shipbuilding)
• Major Cities: Concord
• Colony Named for: county of Hampshire
in England
• Became a State: June 21, 1788
Middle Colonies
• Delaware
• Pennsylvania
• New York
• New Jersey
Middle Colonies
• Climate and Physical
Features
–Good Soil
–Longer growing seasons than
New England
–Ok Harbors
Middle Colonies
• Economic Comparative
Advantage
–Known as the “Breadbasket”
• Grew crops like wheat and corn
–Provided food for other colonies
–Some shipping and manufacturing
Middle Colonies
• Why colonies were started
–Religious Freedom
•Make money through trade
(New York and New Jersey)
The Middle Colonies
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Delaware
• Founded: 1638 by Peter Minuit and
others
• Major Industry: Agriculture (fishing),
Manufacturing (lumbering)
• Major Cities: Wilmington
• Colony Named for: named for the
Delaware tribe and for an early governor
of colonial Virginia, Lord de la Warr
• Became a State: December 7, 1787
Pennsylvania
• Founded: 1682 by William Penn and others, at
Philadelphia
• Major Industry: Agriculture (wheat, corn,
cattle, dairy), Manufacturing (textiles,
papermaking, shipbuilding)
• Major Cities: Philadelphia, Lancaster, York
• Colony Named for: William Penn and sylvania,
Latin for "forest"
• Became a State: December 12, 1787
New York
• Founded: 1626 by Peter Minuit and others, on
Manhattan Island
• Major Industry: Manufacturing (shipbuilding,
iron works), Agriculture (cattle, grain, rice,
indigo, wheat)
• Major Cities: New York City, Albany
• Colony Named for: Duke of York
• Became a State: July 26, 1788
New Jersey
• Founded: 1664 by English colonists
• Major Industry: Manufacturing
(ironworking, lumbering)
• Major Cities: Trenton, Princeton
• Colony Named for: Isle of Jersey in
England
• Became a State: December 18, 1787
Southern Colonies
• Maryland
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia
Southern Colonies
• Climate and Physical Features
–Great Soil
–Warm Weather
–Very long growing seasons
–Bad harbors
Southern Colonies
• Economic Comparative
Advantage
–Focused on farming cash crops
–Large plantation farms for tobacco,
cotton, and indigo
–Almost no shipping
Southern Colonies
• Why colonies were started
–Almost all were started to make
money by growing cash crops
–Maryland was started for religious
freedom
–Georgia
• A place for criminals/ debtors
Southern Colonies
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Maryland
• Founded: 1633 by Lord Baltimore and
others, at Baltimore
• Major Industry: Manufacturing
(shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture
(corn, wheat, rice, indigo)
• Major Cities: Baltimore, Annapolis
• Colony Named for: Queen Henrietta
Maria of England
• Became a State: April 28, 1788
Virginia
• Founded: 1607 by John Smith and
others, at Jamestown
• Major Industry: Plantation agriculture
(tobacco, wheat, corn)
• Major Cities: Jamestown, Williamsburg,
Richmond
• Colony Named for: England's "Virgin
Queen," Elizabeth I
• Became a State: June 25, 1788
North Carolina
• Founded: 1653 by Virginia colonists
• Major Industry: Plantation agriculture
(indigo, rice, tobacco)
• Major Cities: Raleigh
• Colony Named for: from Carolus, the
Latin word for "Charles," Charles I of
England
• Became a State: November 21, 1789
South Carolina
• Founded: 1663 by English colonists
• Major Industry: Plantation agriculture
(indigo, rice, tobacco, cotton, cattle)
• Major Cities: Charleston
• Colony Named for: from Carolus, the
Latin word for "Charles," Charles I of
England
• Became a State: May 23, 1788
Georgia
• Founded: 1732 by James Oglethorpe and
others
• Major Industry: Agriculture (indigo, rice,
sugar)
• Major Cities: Savannah
• Colony Named for: England's King
George II
• Became a State: January 2, 1788
Reasons why the colonies
began
• God – Religious Freedoms
• The Puritans and the Pilgrims fled
from England to the colonies
• Glory – Wanted the fame of
starting a new country
• Gold – People could make lots of
money in the colonies especially
on plantations
The Development
of Democratic
Ideas
Magna Carta-1215
• 1st document to limit
power of English
rulers
– Kings and queens must
obey the law too!
• Major step toward
constitutional
government
• Where? - England
Colonial Government – 1600s
• The governor of
colony represented
King
• Colonists voted for
members of a
legislature (assembly)
•DISCUSS: In colonial
government, assemblies
controlled the salary of the
governor. How is this an
examples of Montisqieu’s
separation of power?
Virginia House of Burgesses-1619
• 1st representative
assembly in America
• Beginning of
representative
government
• Where? South
Mayflower Compact - 1620
• 1st document to
establish selfgovernment, popular
sovereignty and rule of
law in the colonies
• Where? New England
New England
Town Meetings - 1629
• Meeting for townspeople
to express themselves
openly
• Helped further direct
democracy as selfgovernment in the colonies
• One vote/one person
• Where? New England
Fundamental Orders
of Connecticut- 1639
• 1st written constitution in the American
colonies
• Began a pattern of the colonists securing
guaranteed rights.
• constitution = a written plan for government
• Where? New England
Maryland Toleration Act - 1649
• 1st document to
recogonize religious
freedom in the
colonies
• model for the 1st
Amendment of the
Constitution
• Where? Southern
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
• Governor William Berkeley agreed to keep
settlers from taking Native American land.
• Nathaniel Bacon disagreed strongly and led
attacks on colonial government
• Rebellion against an oppressive government
• Where? South
English Bill of Rights (1689)
• List of rights for the English citizens
• Where? England
• Discuss
• Today where can US citizens look to find rights
that are given?
Peter Zenger Trial - 1734
• First case to protect
the idea of freedom of
the press in the
colonies
• Where? Middle
ENLIGHTENMENT
THINKERS
Enlightenment Thinkers
Ideas
•They argued that the
laws of nature also
applied to human life
and society.
John Locke (England)
Viewpoints
• All humans have “natural rights”
– Life
– Liberty
– Property
• In order to have their “natural rights” protected, humans
give up certain freedoms to Government
• If gov’t does NOT protect your Rights, citizens can
OVERTHROW it!!!
DISCUSS: When you go
through airport security, what
freedoms might you give up?
Which one of your “natural
rights” is the government
protecting?
Baron de Montesquieu
(France)
Viewpoints
• Believed too much power
in one place is dangerous
for others
• Introduced “Separation of
Powers” between
branches of government
• Ex: England’s Government
– King-enforced laws
– Parliament-made laws
– Judges-interpreted laws
DISCUSS: What might
happen if Police Officers
were the ones who
determined the people they
arrested guilty instead of
judges or juries?
Jean Jacques Rousseau (France)
Viewpoints
• Humans will destroy
themselves if they don’t
give up some freedoms
• Humans create a “social
contract” with
government to protect
themselves
 Discuss: How are speed
limits examples of the
social contract?
Voltaire (France & England)
Viewpoints
• Believed in Civil
Liberties
–Trial by Jury of peers
–Freedom of Religion
–Freedom of Speech
DISCUSS: Voltaire once
said:
“I may not agree with what you
say, but I will defend to the
death your RIGHT to say it.”
What do you think he meant by
that?