1-Complete and fill the spaces :
1)
2)
3)
4)
The life span of WBCs is …………….., while that of RBCs is ….............. .
The normal count of white blood cells in adult human is …………………….
…………. is the fluid part of the blood and representing ………% of the blood volume.
Maturation factor for RBCs are ………………………….. and ……………….
5)
6)
7)
8)
viscosity of plasma is due to …………….. contents.
Blood group ……………. is “universal donor”
………………….converts fibrinogen to fibrin .
Blood group B have …….. antigens on the surface of RBCs and ……….antibodies on thei serum
9) The Adult Hemoglobin can carries ….. O2 molecules.
10) In---------------------- K channels begin to open while Na+ channels begin to inactivate, membrane
becomes impermeable to Na+, positive charges leak out of membrane
11) According to ---------------- Law: If there is increase in the initial length of the muscle, there will
be increase of contraction within physiological limit.-above this limit muscle damage occur and
response decrease
12) During ………………………….., the gate of the potassium channel is opened and potassium ions are passed
freely through this channel to the exterior
13) The potential difference across the membrane, between the inside of the cell and the
extracellular compartment is called…………………. .
14) . Hypo function of growth hormonebefore puberty leads to ……… and after puberty leads to
……..
15) R B C s are destroyed by ………………….system and the end result is
- Hb ……hydrolysis……….>,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
- Globin ……hydrolysis……….> ……………………………
- haem ……hydrolysis……….> …………………………….
- Biliverdin ……reduced……> …………………………………..
16) Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve by ……………………….which is
released from a ………………………………
17) Action potential triggered by ……………
18) The velocity of nerve conduction increased in …………..and…………..
19) Vitamin B 12 which is called ……………. for RBCs. It is considered as extrinsic factor which
combines with …………….which is secreted by ………. to protect vit. B12 from being ………..
by gastrointestinal enzymes until its absorption.
20) …….movmentof small intestine which is myogenic in nature and helps digestion and
absorption of food .
21) …………. O2 tension of arterial blood stimulates respiration and increase pulmonary
ventilation.
22) …………………..hormones binds to surface receptor on to do their action.
23) …………….. the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration.
24) Glomerulus is attached to large afferent arteriole and narrow efferent arteriole in order to
……………
25) Parathyroid hormone …………………blood calcium levels by …………….. activity of
osteoclasts(it causes resorption of Ca and P from bone).
26) Paracrines Local hormones act on ………………….. or autocrines act on …………… that
secreted them .
27) Functions Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH):…..,……..
28) The ………wave is produced by the spread of the depolarization wave from the SAN through the
atria to the AVN i.e. it represents atrial depolarization.
29)
Q-2 Define:
1) Hematopoiesis
2) Erythropoiesis
3) End diasystolic volume
4) Lipid-Soluble Hormones :
5) Jaundice
6) absorption
7) All or None= Are all-or- none law .
8) Resting membrane potential
9) Straling Law.
10) Tidal volume
11) The peripheral resistance
12) Arterial blood pressure
13) Mary’s law
14) Bainbridge reflex
15) Conductivity
16) Paracrine hormone
Q-3put the scientific term :
1. It is the transfer of the content of alimentary tract into the blood across the mucosal cells of gut.
Absorption
2. Yellow coloration of skin, mucous membranes due to increase amount of serum bilirubin above
the normal value due to obstruction of biliary passages as in stones of common bile duct
.OBSRTUCTIVE Jaundice
3. It causes the milk curdle (clotting) to remain in stomach for digestion, facilitates absorption of
calcium and FE++ by duodenal mucosa and stimulates the release of secretin hormone . gastric
HC1
4. Initiates the activation of pepsinogen into pepsin.
5. Movement of small intestine which is myogenic in nature and helps digestion and absorption
of food . segmentation movement
6. Hormonestimulates the fundic gland to secrete gastric juice rich in HC1 and enzymes , when
food becomes in contact with duodenal mucosa.
7. Hormonstimulates the duodenal mucosa to secrete profuse pancreatic juice rich in NaHCO3
and H2O, when acid chime of stomach in contact with duodenal mucosa. Secretin
8. It is the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle/beat.
9. it is the volume of blood present in the ventricle at the end of syastole
10. It is the total volume of air breather in or out per minute.
11. The yellow coloration of skin, mucous membranes due to increase amount of serum bilirubin
above the normal value .
12. The functional unit of the nervous system which is carried out by reflex arc .A region of the
brainthat contains several types of neurons responsible for secreting differentreleasing
hormones, as thyrotopinrelearing- hormone (TRH) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH) .
13. The volume of filtrate by all nephrons of both kidneys in m1/min.
GFR
14. The potential difference across the membrane, between the inside of the cell and the
extracellular compartment .
15. It is the pressure in the pleural cavity.
Q4- Put / or X and correct if wrong :
1. Erythropoiesis is formation of RBCs.
2. Person with Type O blood group is called Universal Recipient.
3. Erythropoiesis is formation of blood cells from stem cells in marrow (myeloid tissue) &
lymphoid tissue
4. plasma proteins concentration is 15 gm/10 ml .
5. A/G is usually <1 .
6. Late in intrauterine life and after birth, RBCs are synthesized in liver and spleen .
7. Damage to endothelium allows RBCs to bind to exposed collagen . Collagens attract RBCs
,which stick to it within minutes after damage .
8. Clotting can be prevented by Ca+2 chelators (e.g. sodium citrate or EDTA)
9. Amplitude of AP is the same regardless of whether the depolarizing event was weak or
strong.
10. Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve by neurotransmitter which is released
from a nerve’s axon terminal
11. Repolarization phase of AP is due to rapid entery of Na ions.
12. IN repolarization K channels begin to open while Na+ channels begin to inactivate,
membrane becomes impermeable to Na+, positive charges leak out of membrane therefore
membrane repolarized to RPM
13. Agranular leukocytes are phagocytic & produce antibodies
14. .The clot begins to develop few seconds after the trauma to the vascular wall. It is due to
formation of network of insoluble fibrin threads with blood cells in its meshes
15. All post ganglionic fibres prarsympathetic are CHOLINERGIC fibres
16. Action potential triggered by repolarization .
17. .Normally about 20% of capillaries are closed and this helps venous return..
18. .The urine normally is full of pus.
19. Hypo function of thyroid hormones before puberty leads to cretinism and
after puberty leads to myxedema.
20.
21.
22.
23.
The blood pressure decreased with age.
.All the reabsorption that occurs in renal tubules is passive .
Juvenile onset diabetes occurs mainly in obese persons and begins later in life.
There is a rapid conduction at the AVN which allows time for the atria to empty their content
into the ventricles before ventricular contraction begins. Xxx slow
24. Vagal (parasympathetic) stimulation delay the rate of gastric emptying.xxxxx enhance
25. Characters of vagal (nervous ) pancreatic juice is very small, viscous and rich in enzymes and
poor in H2O and nearly free from NaHCO3
26. Coronary blood flow is directly proportional to systolic B.P.
27. Above 60 mm Hg baroreceptors respond progressively more and more to reach
maximum at 180-200 mm Hg.
28. Distension of the right atrium due to venous return  reflex decrease in heart rate.
This is called Bainbridge reflex.
29. The strength of cardiac contraction is inversely proportional to the initial length of its
fibers or its diastolic volume, provided that the fibers are not overstretched.
30. Glucocorticoids decrease rate of fat breakdown
31. conditioned reflexes for salivary secretion require the presence of cerebral cortex.
O5-Choose the correct answer
1) serum has the same composition as plasma minus
a) Water
b) Coagulation factors
c) Gamma globulins
d) Albumins
e) Non of the above.
2) Vagal stimulation produces:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
a)
b)
Vasoconstriction to blood vessels of stomach ,intestine ,liver , kidney
Inhibitory to plain muscles of gastro intestinal tract
c)
Motor to gall bladder and inhibitory to its sphincter
d)
Secretory to adrenal medulla
3) The resting membrane potential
is the same in all cells
occurs only in nerve and muscle cells
is oriented so that the cell's interior is positive with respect to the extracellular fluid
requires the separation of most of the cell's charged particles.
none of the above
4) serum has the same composition as plasma minus
f) Water
g) Coagulation factors
h) Gamma globulins
i) Albumins
j) Non of the above.
5) All of the following are right as regards the functions of cortisol
except
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
a)
b)
c)
d)
a)
b)
c)
d)
11)
a)
b)
c)
d)
raise BP by vasoconstriction
Lipolytic
decrease gluconeogenesis
Decrease glucose utilization
Catabolic
6) Main site of absorption in GIT is
Large intestine
Small intestine
Stomach
Rectum
7) The most alkaline juice is
Salivary
Gastric
Intestinal
Pancreatic
Trypsin
Could digest uncooked starch
Converts cooked starch to glucose
Has proteolytic action
Converts fats to glycerol and fatty acids
8) Deglutition:
a) Causes reflex stoppage of respiration
b) push the bolus from mouth to pharynx only
c) Totally Voluntary
d) Totally involuntary
9) all the following are included in salivary function except
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Chemical breakdown of protein .
help speech as it moistens the mouth ,so.
Helps to form a food bolus and
help deglutition
begin starch digestion
Dissolves chemicals so they can be tasted
10) The adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the
__________.
a) Pituitary gland
b) thyroid gland
c) adrenal gland
d) hypothalamus
11) Coronary blood flow is Increased by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Increase ofdiastolic blood pressure.
Sympathetic stimulation.
Increase of cardiac out put.
Non of the above.
All of the above.
12) The adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the
__________.
e) Pituitary gland
f) thyroid gland
g) adrenal gland
h) hypothalamus
13) Coronary blood flow is Increased by
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
Increase ofdiastolic blood pressure.
Sympathetic stimulation.
Increase of cardiac out put.
Non of the above.
All of the above.
14) The peritubular capillaries of the kidneys reabsorb several materials
except
a) Some water
b) Glucose
c) Creatinine
d) Amino acids
e) Ions
15) All of the following are true as regard filtration in kidneys except :
a)
b)
c)
d)
Water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through capillary walls
Blood cells cannot pass out to the capillaries
selective active process
Filtrate is collected in the glomerular capsule and leaves via the renal tubule
16) All of the following are true as regard Glomeruli of kidneys except :
a) A specialized capillary bed
b) Attached to arterioles on both sides (maintains high pressure)
c) Capillaries are covered with podocytes from the renal tubule
d) Arise from efferent arteriole and attached to a venule
17) The maximum volume of air inhaled from the point of maximum
expiration is:
a) Inspiratory capacity
b) Vital capacity
c) Inspiratory reserve volume
d) Inspiratory vital capacity
e) Total lung capacity.
18) In order for the lungs to function normally, the intra pleural pressure
must
a) be lower than alveolar pressure.
b) be between +5 and +10 mmHg above atmospheric pressure.
c) alternate between being less than and greater than atmospheric pressure.
d) change as the respiratory demands of the body change.
e) be the same as atmospheric pressure.
19) Oxygen is carried in blood
a) bound to haemoglobin.
b) dissolved in the plasma.
c) bound to white blood cells.
d) A and C.
e) A, B
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