HOLT
World History
CHAPTER 3
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Ancient Indian Civilizations
Section 1: Indus River Valley
Section 2: Indo-Aryan Migrants
Section 3: Hinduism and Buddhism
Section 4: Ancient Indian Dynasties
Section 5: Ancient Indian Life and Culture
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Indus River Valley
Objectives:
 Examine the role geography and climate played in
the settlement of the Indian subcontinent.
 Investigate how people in the first Indus River
valley civilization lived.
2
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Indus River Valley
The Importance of Geography and Climate
 Physical geography – Himalayas, Ganges River,
Indus River
 The climate – monsoons and high temperatures
3
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Indus River Valley
Early Civilization in the Indus
 River valley
 Large, carefully planned cities
 Facilities for storage and distribution of
surplus food
4
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Indo-Aryan Migrants
Objectives:
 Explain how life in northern India changed
with the coming of the Indo-Aryans.
 Identify the major contributions of the
Indo-Aryans to ancient Indian society.
5
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Indo-Aryan Migrants
The Nomadic Indo-Aryans
 The Vedic Age
 Indo-Aryan religion – from nature
6
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Indo-Aryan Migrants
Early Indo-Aryan Society
 Indo-Aryan society – settled communities,
marriage was important
 The Indo-Aryan economy – barter
 Southern India
7
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Hinduism and Buddhism
Section 3: Objectives:
 Describe the importance of religion in ancient
Indian society.
 Identify the principal elements of Hinduism.
 Identify the basic beliefs of Buddhism.
8
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Hinduism and Buddhism
The Upanishads and the Epics
 Upanishads – written explanation of
Vedic religion
 Epics – long poems based on historical
or religious themes
 Bhagavad Gita
9
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Hinduism and Buddhism
A Changing Society
 Caste system
 Varnas – social classes
10
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Hinduism and Buddhism
Hinduism
 Hindu beliefs – monism, reincarnation
 Hindu religious practices – yoga, seasonal festivals
11
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Hinduism and Buddhism
Buddhism
 The Buddha’s teachings – reincarnation,
ethics, selflessness
 The spread of Buddhism
12
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Ancient Indian Dynasties
Objectives:
 Explain how the Mauryan rulers increased
their power.
 Examine the reasons for the decline of
Gupta rule.
13
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Ancient Indian Dynasties
Rise of the Mauryan Empire
 Chandragupta Maurya – powerful leader
 Aśoka – great ruler, Buddhist
14
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Ancient Indian Dynasties
The Gupta Rulers
 Less centralized rule
 Local leaders
 Invaders from Asia
15
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 5:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Ancient Indian Life and Culture
Objectives:
 Describe how women’s rights were limited in
ancient Indian society.
 Identify the most important achievements of the
Gupta period.
16
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 5:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Ancient Indian Life and Culture
Economy and Society
 Women were prohibited from owning property
 Polygyny
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 5:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Ancient Indian Life and Culture
Cultural Achievements
 Art and architecture
 Education – Nalanda
 Mathematics and astronomy – algebra,
quadratic equations
 Medicine – inoculation
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON