HOLT
World History
CHAPTER 4
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Ancient Chinese Civilization
Section 1: Geographic and Cultural Influences
Section 2: The Shang Dynasty
Section 3: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties
Section 4: Philosophies of Ancient China
Section 5: Chinese Life and Culture
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Geographic and Cultural Influences
Objectives:
 Explore the role that rivers played in Chinese life.
 Investigate how geography influenced the
development of Chinese culture.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Geographic and Cultural Influences
The Physical Setting
 Different regions
 The rivers of China – Huang, Chang, Xi
3
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 1:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Geographic and Cultural Influences
China’s Isolation
 Zhongguo (Middle Kingdom)
 Lack of contact with foreigners
4
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AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Shang Dynasty
Objectives:
 Examine how the Chinese explained their
early history.
 Describe how the Shang government and
economy were organized.
 Identify the religious beliefs held by the Shang.
 Explain why the Shang dynasty collapsed.
5
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Shang Dynasty
Legends of Ancient China
 Pangu – first man, created universe
 Yu – drained floodwaters
 Xia – line of kings
 Tang – a Shang leader
6
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Shang Dynasty
Government and Culture
 Economy and handicrafts – agriculture, artisans
 Astronomy and the calendar
7
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Shang Dynasty
Religion in the Shang Period
 Animism
 Festivals
 Shangdi
 Priests tried to predict the future using
oracle bones
8
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Shang Dynasty
Language and Writing
 Ideographs
 Calligraphy
9
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 2:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Shang Dynasty
Fall of the Shang Dynasty
 Battles with neighboring states
 Zhou
10
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties
Objectives:
 Explain why the Zhou fell from power.
 Describe how the Qin dynasty used power to
maintain its authority.
 Identify the achievements of the Han emperors.
11
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties
The Zhou Dynasty
 “Mandate of Heaven”
 Attacks by outsiders
 Fighting within
12
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties
The Qin Dynasty
 Autocracy
 Great Wall of China
13
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 3:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties
The Han Dynasty
 The civil service system
 Other accomplishments – leveling, Silk Road
14
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Philosophies of Ancient China
Objectives:
 Examine why the Chinese valued the concept of balance.
 Explore what the Chinese philosopher Confucius taught.
 Analyze how Daoism and Confucianism worked together
in Chinese society.
 Investigate how beliefs such as Legalism and Buddhism
influenced Chinese history.
15
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Philosophies of Ancient China
Ancient Chinese Beliefs
 Yin
 Yang
 Balance is normal condition
16
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Philosophies of Ancient China
Confucius and Laozi
 Confucianism – strong but moral government
 Daoism – nature, harmony, balance
17
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 4:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Philosophies of Ancient China
Legalism and Buddhism
 Legalism in practice – balance between
Legalism and Buddhism
 Buddhism in China – universal charity
and compassion
18
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 5:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Chinese Life and Culture
Objectives:
 Explain why the family was a central institution
in Chinese society.
 Describe how farmers lived in ancient China.
 Identify the artistic and scientific achievements
of the Chinese.
19
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 5:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Chinese Life and Culture
Family and Social Life
 Genealogy
 Women had few rights and powers
 Great respect for mothers
20
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 5:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Chinese Life and Culture
The Economy
 Small village farmers
 Qin dynasty standardized currency, weights,
and measures
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
World History
Section 5:
THE HUMAN JOURNEY
Chinese Life and Culture
Arts and Sciences
 The Five Classics – used to train scholars and
civil servants
 Science and technology – astronomy,
seismography, clocks, acupuncture, paper-making,
and printing
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AND
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