April 23, 2015 Subject Area: Ch: 4 Sec: 2 Igneous Rock EQ: Where and how does Igneous rock form? Questions What are some common igneous rock formations? Come in Quietly and sit at your desk, open to your notes, write the new question, and wait quietly for class to begin. Agenda 1. Roll 2. Chapter 4 Section 2 “Igneous Rock” 3. Video: “Granite Rock” Igneous Rock The word igneous comes from the Latin word for “fire”. Igneous Rock Magma cools into various types of igneous rock depending on the composition of the magma and the amount of time it takes for the magma to cool and solidify. Origins of Igneous Rock Magma and lava solidify in the same way that water freezes. The difference is that water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius and magma and lava freeze at 700 – 1250 degrees Celsius. Three Ways a Rock Can Melt There are three ways that magma can form: when rock is heated, when pressure is released, or when rock changes composition. What are three ways rock can melt? Response: Three ways rock can melt are ... Temperature An increase in temperature deep within the Earth’s crust can cause the minerals in a rock to melt. Temperature Different minerals melt at different temperatures. How does temperature make rock melt? Response: Temperature makes rock melt by… Pressure The high pressure deep within the Earth forces minerals to stay in the solid state. Pressure When hot rocks rise to shallow depths, the pressure is finally released and the mineral can melt. How does pressure make rock melt? Response: Pressure makes rock melt by … Composition Sometimes fluids like water and carbon dioxide enter a rock that is close to its melting point. Composition When these fluids combine with the rock, they can lower the melting point of the rock enough for it to melt and form magma. How does composition make a rock melt? Response: Composition makes a rock melt by … Composition and Texture of Igneous rock The two ways to classify Igneous rock are by their texture and composition. Igneous rocks are rocks that have formed when magma or lava cools. Composition and Texture of Igneous rock The rocks will be different depending on what they are made of and how fast they cooled. What two properties are used to classify igneous rock? Response: The two properties used to classify igneous rock are … The Rock Cycle and Granite Rock 1. What did you know? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2. What did you learn? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3. What do you want to know? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Felsic Rocks Felsic rocks are igneous rocks that are lighter in color and in weight. Felsic Rocks These rocks are rich in elements such as silicon, aluminum, sodium, and potassium. Examples of felsic rock are granite and rhyolite. Mafic Rock Mafic rock are igneous rock that are darker and heavier. Mafic Rock These rocks are rich in iron, magnesium, and calcium. Examples of mafic rock are gabbro and basalt. Igneous Rock Formations Not all igneous rock forms on the surface. Some will form deep within the Earth’s crust. Intrusive Igneous Rock When magma cools beneath the Earth’s surface, the resulting rock is called intrusive. Intrusive Igneous Rock Intrusive is usually a coarse grain texture because it cools very slowly. Plutonic Rocks Plutons are large, balloon shaped intrusive formations that result when magma cools at great depths. Science Blooper In the eighteenth century some scholars thought lava formed when underground coal deposits caught fire. They believed that heat from the fires melted the surrounding rock, producing lava. Extrusive Igneous Rock Igneous rock that forms on the Earth’s surface is called extrusive rock. Extrusive Igneous Rock Extrusive rock cools quickly on the surface and contains very small crystals or none at all. Examples of these would be pumice, obsidian, and basalt. How does the cooling rate of lava or magma affect the texture of igneous rock? Response: The cooling rate of lava or magma affect the texture of igneous rock by … Lava Flow When lava erupts from a volcano, a formation called lava flow is made. Lava Plateau When a large amount of lava flows out of a fissure, it can cover a vast area, forming a plain called a lava plateau. The Solid Earth: Materials 1. What did you know? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2. What did you learn? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3. What do you want to know? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Talking Punishment Someone in my class or I have decided to talk too much in Mr. Elsmore’s classroom and have been granted the opportunity to write this paragraph. Unfortunately, it is possible that I have been granted this opportunity because of the actions of another student and not because of my actions. I will be forever indebted to that particular student or group of students for this wonderful opportunity to have to write instead of what was planned for today. I will make sure to let that student or students know how I appreciate this opportunity and show my gratitude by asking them to stop breaking the rules in Mr. Elsmore’s classroom. If you are the one responsible for this punishment please learn how to be mature enough to follow the simple rules that Mr. Elsmore created to make this classroom an atmosphere of learning and kindness. I know that it is considered extremely rude if I am talking while a teacher is talking, even if it is to someone else sitting at my table. I know that the only time to talk is when I have permission from the teachers or during class group work. I should also not talk at the beginning of the period. If we have any more problems then we will get the wonderful opportunity to write this paragraph again and possibly loose the drawing at the end of the triad. All because I cannot or my fellow student cannot follow the simple rule of keeping our mouth shut during class. What a shame!!! Summary 1. Answer the essential question “Where and how does igneous rock form?” 2. Your answer needs to be in complete sentences. 3. Place your answer at the bottom of the notes we did today. 4. Make sure you include differences in igneous rock determined by where it formed. 5. Use your notes to get the answers. Subject Area: Igneous Rock EQ: Where and how does igneous rock form? Questions 1. How does the cooling rate of magma affect the properties of igneous rock? 2. What is the difference between igneous rock that cools deep within the crust and igneous rock that cools on the surface? 3. What are some common igneous rock formations?