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NEW NATION CONTENTS
Page
Title Page
127
New Nation Table of Contents
128
New Nation Anticipation Guide
129
What Are The Articles of Confederation?
130
Why Did The Articles of Confederation Fail?
131
Articles of Confederation Notes
132
Articles of Confederation Quick Pics
133
Articles of Confederation Chart
134
How Did Americans Fix Their Government?
135
Preamble to the U.S. Constitution
136
The Great Compromise Chart
137
The Constitutional Convention Notes
138
The Separation of Powers Chart
139
The Separation of Powers Notes
140
The Federal System
141
The Bill of Rights
142
What Was The Inspiration For The Bill of Rights?
143
Bill of Rights Matching
144
The First Five Presidents
145
The First Five Presidents Notes
146
Warm Up And Classwork
147
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NEW NATION ANTICIPATION GUIDE
Before
After
SOL 7a – ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
T
F
The Articles of Confederation proved to be a strong document that
is still in use today.
T
F
T
F
The Articles of Confederation had a very strong central
government.
T
F
T
F
The Articles of Confederation gave Congress the power to tax or
regulate commerce among the states.
T
F
T
F
The Articles of Confederation gave each state votes based on
population.
T
F
T
F
The Articles of Confederation provided no Executive or Judicial
branch of government.
T
F
SOL 7b – THE U.S. CONSTITUTION
T
F
The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia,
in secret.
T
F
T
F
The Constitution was a plan for government.
T
F
T
F
After much arguing, the delegates at the Constitutional Convention
decided to create four separate branches of government.
T
F
T
F
A compromise was reached about how many votes each state
would have in the Senate and House of Representatives.
T
F
T
F
All thirteen states had to sign the Constitution in order for it to be
ratified and become law.
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
James Madison wrote the Bill of Rights, based on previous work
done by George Mason and Thomas Jefferson.
The Bill of Rights, provide no written guarantee of individual
rights, but were added to the Constitution because they were
things the delegates forgot to include.
T
F
T
F
T
F
SOL 7c – THE FIRST FIVE PRESIDENTS
T
F
During the first 5 presidencies, a Federal Court system was
established, the Bill of Rights was added, new land was explored,
and the United States warned other countries to mind their own
business.
T
F
During James Madison’s presidency, the United States
went to war with Great Britain again.
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ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
WHAT ARE THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION?
All governments need a plan on how they should work. These plans are
called constitutions. There are many different types of constitutions. The
leaders of the American Revolution first chose a constitution based on their
experiences.
In 1776, after the writing the Declaration of Independence, the Second
Continental Congress set out to establish the powers that the new United
States of America national government should have. They called this plan
of government the Articles of Confederation.
The Articles established a weak national government. The writers of the
Articles of Confederation were influenced by their experiences with King
George and Great Britain. The colonies were not in favor of setting up
another strong central government that might ignore the needs of the
people. Instead a “firm league of friendship” between 13 sovereign states
was made.
Look back in your English Colonies unit. What to ways did Great
Britain impose control on the colonies?
1.____________________
2.____________________
What did Great Britain impose on the colonies without their say to pay
for the French and Indian War?
______________________
Why were the colonists so angry about this?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
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ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
131
WHY DIDN’T THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WORK?
Once the colonies tried it though, the weaknesses of the Articles soon
became obvious.
1. There was no executive or judicial branch. No one was in charge of
making sure the laws were followed, and no one was in charge of solving
arguments about the laws. The national government only had a legislative,
or lawmaking branch, consisting of a Congress.
2. Each state only had one vote. The states elected representatives to
serve in the Congress. Each state, regardless of its size, had one vote. This
meant states with few people had as much power as states with more
people. States with bigger populations resented their lack of
representation.
3. The national government had no power to tax or regulate
commerce and business between states. The government depended
on the states to voluntarily pay a tax to the government. There were
$50 million dollars in war debts that needed to be repaid. Few states paid
the tax because the states had their own debts that needed to be repaid.
As a result, little money was collected. Soldiers and suppliers who had
supported the colonial war effort were not paid. States also began to
compete in trade, and began to charge each other tariffs on goods that
crossed state lines. A tariff is a type of tax that makes goods more
expensive to buy. Congress had no power to regulate this trade. Congress
could only conduct foreign affairs, declare war and peace, and maintain an
army and navy to defend the nation.
4. There was no common currency. Another weakness in the Articles was
in the area of currency, or money. Both the national and state
governments could coin money. Before long a confusing variety of paper
bills of different values began to circulate throughout the new nation. As
more and more paper money was made, it began to lose its value. No one
knew which money to use to buy things or how much that money was
worth, and trade suffered.
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ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION NOTES
WHAT ARE THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION?
WHAT DID THEY DO?
WHY DID THEY FAIL? WHAT WERE THEIR
WEAKNESSES?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Summarize what you have read in a few short sentences.
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ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION QUICK PICS
THE GOOD
THE BAD
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ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION CHART
COLONIAL SOLUTIONS
Larger states with bigger
populations felt ________________
____________________________.
There was no common
_________________.
States began to charge
______________ on each other.
_____________ couldn’t be repaid.
No one could ________________
the laws or solve ______________
with them.
ACTUAL RESULTS
The colonists created the Articles of Confederation based on their experiences with King George the III and Parliament. Some
of their solutions to their complaints against the King became weaknesses! Fill in the actual results from your notes on page
131 by reading each weakness carefully.
COLONIAL PROBLEMS
No _________________ or
____________________ branch.
Each colony gets __________ vote.
Congress cannot ____________
the colonies or _______________
commerce.
The King and Parliament won’t
listen to the colonists and have too
much power.
The King and Parliament tell the
colonists who to trade with and tax
them.
The colonies have no say in their
government.
U.S. History I
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CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
135
HOW DID AMERICANS TRY TO FIX THEIR GOVERNMENT?
By 1787 – five years after the end of the Revolutionary War
- many Americans knew that their first attempt at a government
with the Articles of Confederation wasn’t meeting their needs. No
one was sure how to fix them, though. Leaders agreed that all
the states should meet to discuss making a new constitution.
Each state sent delegates to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to do this.
This meeting was called the Constitutional Convention.
George Washington went to the convention as a delegate for
the state of Virginia. The delegates from all the other states
selected him to be the convention’s president.
There were three major issues the delegates faced
 They debated the power the government should have
 They debated how the states should be represented in the
national government
 They debated how the government should be set up
Eventually the delegates created a document that addressed
all of these issues, called the United States Constitution. 9 of the
13 states had to vote to ratify, or approve, the document. It
became the new plan of government once the ninth state to ratify
it, New Hampshire, did so on June 21, 1788. George Washington
was elected as America’s first president in 1789.
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THE PREAMBLE OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION
WHAT DID THE CONSTITUTION SET OUT TO DO?
The preamble to the United States Constitution is an important piece
of American writing. It established in the plan of government what the
goals for that government would be.
“We the People of the United States, in Order to form
a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic
Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the
general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to
ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this
Constitution for the United States of America.”
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THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
WHY DID AMERICAN LEADERS MEET IN
PHILADELPHIA IN 1787?
WHO WAS SELECTED TO LEAD THE CONVENTION?
WHAT THREE ISSUES DID THE DELEGATS DISCUSS
AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION?



WHAT WAS THE GREAT COMPROMISE?
Summarize what you have read in a few short sentences.
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THE SEPERATION OF POWERS
140
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
JUDICIAL BRANCH
Summarize what you have read in a few short sentences.
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THE FEDERAL SYSTEM
141
HOW DID THE NATIONAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS DECIDE
TO SHARE POWER?
The writers of the Constitution agreed that the national government
and state governments should share power, but how much power should
one side have? Their experience with King George III and Great Britain
continued to influence their thinking.
They agreed that the national government should have certain
powers in order to maintain the country. These powers include:






The ability
The ability
The ability
The ability
The ability
The ability
Court
to
to
to
to
to
to
tax
coin money
control trade between the states and with other nations
maintain the armed forces of the United States
establish regulations on new immigration
maintain courts and judges lower than the Supreme
The Constitution then said Congress can write any laws that would
help carry out these powers. Any other powers were left to the states.
Many of the powers given to the national government solved the problems
Americans had experience with the Articles of Confederation.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH
LOUDOUN COUNTY
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THE BILL OF RIGHTS
HOW DID AMERICANS PROTECT THEIR RIGHTS IN THE NEW
CONSTITUTION?
Many people in state governments like Patrick Henry and Samuel
Adams were upset with the Constitution. They weren’t happy with just
deciding how the government worked. They wanted to make sure
Americans would have the rights expressed in the Declaration of
Independence made clear. When the Constitution was signed, these rights
weren’t included.
James Madison was a delegate from Virginia who proposed
amendments to the Constitution. An amendment is a change to a
document. Madison had ten amendments he felt would secure the rights of
every American. These ten amendments came to be called the Bill of
Rights.
FIRST
SECOND
FREEDOM OF SPEECH, RELIGION,
PRESS, ASSEMBLY, AND PETITION
RIGHT TO KEEP
AND BEAR ARMS
THIRD
FOURTH
RIGHT TO REFUSE
QUARTERING OF SOLDIERS
UNREASONABLE SEARCHES
AND SEIZURES
FIFTH
SIXTH
RIGHTS OF ACCUSED PERSONS
RIGHT TO A FAIR, SPEEDY, AND
PUBLIC TRIAL
SEVENTH
EIGHTH
TRIAL BY JURY
IN CIVIL CASES
LIMITS OF BAILS, FINES,
AND PUNISHMENTS
NINTH
TENTH
RIGHTS NOT SPECIFICALLY
MENTIONED IN CONSTITUTION
STILL PROTECTED
POWERS NOT GIVEN TO
GOVERNMENT ARE GIVEN TO THE
STATES AND PEOPLE
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WHERE THE BILL OF RIGHTS COME FROM
WHAT WAS THE INSPIRATION FOR THE BILL OF RIGHTS?
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BILL OF RIGHTS MATCHING
144
DIRECTIONS – Cut out the squares and match the ideas to the
amendments.
FREEDOM OF SPEECH
FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS
FREEDOM OF RELIGION
RIGHT TO A SPEEDY TRIAL
RIGHT TO ASSEMBLE
RIGHT TO VOTE
RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY
What two documents influenced the Bill of Rights? Who wrote them?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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THE FIRST FIVE PRESIDENTS
WHAT KEY EVENTS TOOK PLACE DURING THE TERMS OF OUR FIRST FIVE
PRESIDENT?
George Washington (1789-1797)
 Federal court system was established.
 The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution
of the United States of America.
 Plans were created for development of the
national capital in Washington, D.C. Benjamin
Banneker, an African American astronomer and
surveyor, helped complete the design for the
city.
John Adams (1797-1801)
 A two-party system emerged during his
administration. (Only President of these five not
from Virginia)
Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)
 He bought Louisiana from France (Louisiana
Purchase).
 Lewis and Clark explored new land west of the
Mississippi River.
James Madison (1809-1817)
 American toughness in the War of 1812 caused
European nations to gain respect for the United
States.
James Monroe (1817-1825)
 He introduced the Monroe Doctrine warning
European nations not to interfere in the Western
Hemisphere.
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THE FIRST FIVE PRESIDENTS
146
GEORGE WASHINGTON
JOHN ADAMS
THOMAS JEFFERSON
JAMES MADISON
JAMES MONROE
Summarize what you have read in a few short sentences.
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WARMP UP AND CLASSWORK
ARTICLES OF
CONFEDERATION
1. What were the four
weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation?
a. _____________________
_____________________
b. _____________________
_____________________
c. _____________________
_____________________
d. _____________________
_____________________
CONSTITUIONAL
CONVENTION
2. Where did delegates meet and
what did they decided to do about
the Articles of Confederation?
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
3. Who was elected to lead the
convention?
____________________________
4. What three things did the
delegates debate?
a. _______________________
_______________________
b. _______________________
_______________________
c. _______________________
_______________________
CONSTITUTION
5. What are the three branches of
government in the constitution
and what do they do?
a. _______________________
_______________________
b. _______________________
_______________________
c. _______________________
_______________________
6. What did the Great Compromise
decide?
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
7. What are Checks and Balances?
____________________________
____________________________
8. How many states had to ratify
the constitution?
____________________________
9. What two documents are the
Bill of Rights based on?
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
10. What does the Bill of Rights
do?
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
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YOU CAN GO TO MEETINGS.
YOU CAN OWN A GUN.
YOU ARE ALLOWED TO CHOOSE
YOUR PRESIDENT.
YOU CAN ATTEND THE CHURCH OF
YOUR CHOICE.
A GROUP OF PEOPLE WILL DECIDE
WHAT HAPPENS TO YOU IF YOU
COMMIT A CRIME.
YOU CAN’T BE KEPT IN PRISON
FOREVER WITHOUT A TRIAL
A NEWSPAPER CAN PUBLISH
PEOPLE’S OPINIONS.
YOU CAN CRITICIZE YOUR
GOVERNMENT.
YOU CAN GO TO MEETINGS.
YOU CAN OWN A GUN.
YOU ARE ALLOWED TO CHOOSE
YOUR PRESIDENT.
YOU CAN ATTEND THE CHURCH OF
YOUR CHOICE.
A GROUP OF PEOPLE WILL DECIDE
WHAT HAPPENS TO YOU IF YOU
COMMIT A CRIME.
YOU CAN’T BE KEPT IN PRISON
FOREVER WITHOUT A TRIAL
A NEWSPAPER CAN PUBLISH
PEOPLE’S OPINIONS.
YOU CAN CRITICIZE YOUR
GOVERNMENT.
YOU CAN GO TO MEETINGS.
YOU CAN OWN A GUN.
YOU ARE ALLOWED TO CHOOSE
YOUR PRESIDENT.
YOU CAN ATTEND THE CHURCH OF
YOUR CHOICE.
A GROUP OF PEOPLE WILL DECIDE
WHAT HAPPENS TO YOU IF YOU
COMMIT A CRIME.
YOU CAN’T BE KEPT IN PRISON
FOREVER WITHOUT A TRIAL
A NEWSPAPER CAN PUBLISH
PEOPLE’S OPINIONS.
YOU CAN CRITICIZE YOUR
GOVERNMENT.
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U.S. History I