Valencia High School
AP/IB Art History
Mrs. Schultz
Content Area: Later Europe and Colonial Americas
Unit #7
Chapter 26 and 27: Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism,
Photography
1700-1900
History
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Death of Louis XIV in 1715 brought a resurgence of aristocratic life.
Excavations Ruins in Greece, Turkey, and Europe (Pompeii – mid 1700’s)
Town houses became centers for the Rococo style.
American Revolution 1763-1783
French Revolution broke out in 1789 which brings about an interest in the Greek ideal of
Liberty and democracy.
Napoleon saw himself as a new "Caesar", crowned in 1804.
Neoclassicism takes architectural hold in the U.S. with Thomas Jefferson.
New ways of thinking about the new world.
Voltaire (1694-1778) = Science/Technological Improvement
Rousseau (1712-1778) = Nature alone must be society's guide
1839 Daguerreotype presented
1818-1883 Darwin and Marx – Human evolution and social equality
Franco-Prussian War 0f 1870
List of Required AP Works (20 works):
Cue Cards
1. Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo. Attributed to Juan Rodriguez. c. 1715 C.E. Oil on
canvas.
2. The Tete a Tete. From Marriage a la Mode. William Hogarth, c. 1743 C.E. Oil on canvas.
(Breakfast Scene pg. 740-741)
3. A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery. Joseph Wright of Derby, c. 1763- 1765 C.E.
Oil on canvas. (pg. 744, 726, 727)
4. Jean- Honore Fragonard, The Swing (1767). Oil on canvas. Wallace Collection, London. (pg.
734).
5. Monticello. Virgin, U.S. Thomas Jefferson (architect). 1768- 1809 C.E. Brick, glass, stone,
and wood. (pg. 736, 750, 751)
6. The Oath of the Horatti. Jacques- Louis David. 1784 C.E. Oil on canvas. (pg. 728, 747- 784,
755, 757- 758, 760)
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Valencia High School
AP/IB Art History
Mrs. Schultz
7. George Washington. Jean- Antoine Houdon. 1788- 1792 C.E. Marble. (pg. 751- 752, 782)
8. Self- Portrait. Elisabeth Louise Vigee Le Brun. 1790 C.E. Oil on canvas. (pg. 739- 740)
9. Y no hai remedio (And There’s Nothing to Be Done), from Los Desastres de la Guerra (The
Disasters of War), plate 15. Francisco de Goya. 1810- 1823 C.E. (published 1863). Drypoint
etching.
10. La Grande Odalisque. Jean- Auguste- Dominique Ingres. 1814 C.E. Oil on canvas. (pg. 761)
11. Liberty Leading the People. Eugene Delacroiz. 1830 C.E. Oil on canvas. (pg. 768, 770)
12. The Oxbow (View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a
Thunderstorm). Thomas Cole. 1836 C.E. Oil on canvas. (pg. 773)
13. Still Life in Studio. Louis- Jacques- Mande Daguerre. 1837 C.E. Photograph. (pg. 791- 793)
14. Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament). London, England. Charles Barry and
Augustus W.N. Pugin (architects). 1840- 1870 C.E. Limestone masonry and glass. (pg. 788)
15. The Stone Breakers. Gustave Courbet. 1849 C.E. (destroyed in 1945). Oil on canvas. (pg.
775- 777)
16. Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art. Honore Daumier. 1862 C.E. Lithograph.
(pg. 794)
17. Olympia. Edouard Manet. 1863 C.E. Oil on canvas. (pg. 781- 782)
18. The Horse in Motion. Edward Muybridge. 1878 C.E. Photograph. (pg. 796)
19. Joseph Mallord William Turner, Slaves Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon
Coming on (‘Slave Ship’) (1840). Oil on canvas. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. (pg. 772- 773)
20. The Valley of Mexico from the Hillside of Santa Isabel (El Valle de Mexico desde el Cerro de
Santa Isabel). Jose Maria Velasco. 1882 C.E. Oil on canvas.
List of Required IB Works (14 works):
Cue Cards
1. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Queen Zenobia addressing her Soldiers 1725/30). Oil on canvas.
National Gallery of Art, Washington.
2. Balthasar Neumann, Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (Basilika Vierzehnheiligen), near
Bad Staffelstein (1743- 72). Exterior and ground-plan.
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Valencia High School
AP/IB Art History
Mrs. Schultz
3. Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters: Plate 43 of The
Caprices [Los Caprichos], (1799). Etching, aquatint, drypoint, and burin. Metropolitan Museum
of Art. (p. 763-764)
4. Francois Boucher, Cupid a Captive (probably c. 1754). Oil on canvas. Wallace Collection,
London. (pg. 733).
5. Jean- Honore Fragonard, The Swing (1767). Oil on canvas. Wallace Collection, London. (pg.
734).
6. Benjamin West, The Death of General Wolfe (1770). Oil on canvas. National Gallery of
Canada, Ottawa.
7. Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare (1781). Oil on canvas. Detroit Institute of Arts. (pg. 762)
8. Jean Auguste Ingres, The Bather (‘The Valpincon Bather’) (1808). Oil on canvas. Musee du
Louvre, Paris.
9. John Constable, Wivenhoe Park, Essex (1816). Oil on canvas. National Gallery of Art,
Washington.
10. Eugene Delacroix, The Death of Sardanapalus (1827). Oil on canvas. Musee du Louvre,
Paris. (pg. 767)
11. Joseph Mallord William Turner, Slaves Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon
Coming on (‘Slave Ship’) (1840). Oil on canvas. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. (pg. 772- 773)
12. Gustave Courbet, A Burial at Ornans. Oil on canvas. Musee d’ Orsay, Paris. (p. 776)
13. Sir John Everett Millais, Ophelia (1851- 52). Oil on canvas. Tate Collection. (p. 786)
14. John Singer Sargent, The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit (1882). Oil on canvas. Museum
of Fine Arts, Boston. (p. 784)
Vocabulary
Chapter 26:
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Enlightenment
fete galante
Grand Tour
Rococo
Royal Academy of Painting
tapestries
Chapter 27:
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calotype
camera lucida
daguerreotype
lithography
odalisque
realism
Romanticism
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Valencia High School
AP/IB Art History
Mrs. Schultz
Rococo 1700 - 1750
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Shift of power to the aristocrats paralleled in Baroque and Rococo.
French Royal Academy set the taste for art in Paris
Strong Satirical paintings
Epitome: paintings that show aristocratic people enjoying leisure
Relaxation of morals – more happy-go-lucky art
Love themes, whimsical portraiture, pastel colors
Arabesques – “s” or “c”curve
Enlightenment 1750 - 1815
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Newton and Locke – empirical proof and sensory perception
Scientific method – fostered technological inventions
Promoted questioning of all assertions
Enlightenment brought about the rejection of royal and aristocratic authority
Current events depicted have classical influences
Neoclassicism 1775 - 1800
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Neoclassical art – more democratic
Return to classical (Greco-Roman)
Lesson- duty and self sacrifice
Strong colors, classical elements, dynamic compositions
Smooth clean brush strokes, simple yet grand
Themes: courage, sacrifice, love of country, portraiture
“Grand Tour” – Greece and Italy – Tourist Art – postcards
Romanticism – 1815-1840
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Influenced by a sense of individuality and freedom of expression
In favor of emotion vs. Stern Neoclassical
Emphasis on imagination and complex settings
Transcendental landscapes
Exploration of the subconscious and dreams/nightmares
Style- rugged brush strokes, dynamic stories, vibrant colors
Realism – Mid 19th c.
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Favored events and people of their own place and time for subjects of art
Connection between science and progress – Enlightenment
Photography
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Valencia High School
AP/IB Art History
Mrs. Schultz
 Introduction of Photography
Architecture/Technology
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Revival of Medieval/ Gothic style architecture
Late 18th century = Industrial Revolution (cast iron, and carvings from bronze is cheaper
than carving marble)
Things to think about
What is Rococo? What is Neoclassicism? What is Romanticism? Why are new styles coming
to light? What is going on in the world during the 18th& 19th century? Are the changes in the
world affecting the artists and their work? How did science replace theology? What role did
democracy play in these paintings? Who was buying Rococo pieces and why? What was the
Enlightenment and what was its affect on the world, and art in particular? What evidence is
there for claiming that an artist was like an investigative reporter? What are the new
materials employed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries? What was the effect of the
industrial revolution on artistic production? Was there any indication that art was moving
towards a purpose primarily for the common man? How do you think things will progress
afterwards?
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