SIMPLE MACHINES
By: Nikita Ravi
K. International School Tokyo
SIMPLE MACHINES
Simple machines are machines that
make work easier for us by allowing
us to push or pull over increased
distances.
A Fulcrum
Examples of Simple Machines

Pulleys

Wheel & Axle

Gear

Lever

Inclined Plane

Screw

Wedge
WHY ARE SIMPLE MACHINES USEFUL
Simple machines are useful because they can make a
physical job easier by changing the magnitude or the
direction of the force exerted to do work
PULLEYS
A pulley is a simple machine that uses grooved wheels and a rope to raise,
lower or move a load
WHEEL & AXLE
A wheel is a circular device that is attached to a rigid bar in its center. A
force applied to the wheel causes the axle to rotate,
Axle
GEAR
The gear is sometimes considered a simple machine, but a gear is really
just a wheel with teeth
LEVER
A lever is a stiff bar that rests on a support called a fulcrum which lifts or
moves loads
INCLINED PLANE
An inclined plane is a flat surface that is higher on one end
Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier
SCREW
A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a pole which holds things
together or lifts materials.
WEDGE
A wedge is an object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp
edge, which cuts material apart
SIMPLE MACHINES & COMPOUND MACHINE
SIMPLE MACHINE
When you put simple machines Simple machines are "simple"
because most have only one
together, you get a complex
moving part. Some are so
machine, like a lawn mower, a
simple, they don't have any
car, even an electric nose hair
moving parts!
trimmer!
COMPOUND MACHINES
SCISSORS SIMPLE MACHINE
The Scissors have 2 different types
of simple machines in them. There is
a lever and a wedge.
On a scissor there are 2 wedges. The
wedges a re used because they have
sharp ends to easily cut the piece of
paper.
Wedge
Lever
There is also a lever connecting with
the 2 wedges. Without the lever we
cannot press the two parts of the
scissors to cut the something.
Lever
Fulcrum
MEET THE INVENTOR
It was not until the middle ages that the scissors started to look the way
we know them today. Leonardo DaVinci, famed painter of the Mona Lisa
and outstanding inventor, is most frequently credited with inventing the
modern scissor formed from two separate pieces of metal, attached at a
central pivot point.
HISTORY
Earlier people would have tore the paper by hand
or by other ways which might not be a precise cut.
The earliest devices that can be loosely described
as scissors were probably made in Egypt in around
1500 BCE. These comprised a single piece of
bronze metal formed into a U shape, with the ends
of the U sharpened into blades and the curve
acting as a spring so that the blades moved apart
on release after each cut. However, it would
appear that the blades were not designed to cross,
which would not have made them particularly
efficient.
Cross-bladed scissors were invented in about 100
AD by the Romans. Then Leonardo DaVinci
improved the invention.
PROS & CONS ABOUT THE SCISSORS
CONS
PROS
The cons about the scissors is
that they easily cut any parts of
your body and blood will flow.
This happens because there
are 2 wedges as mentioned
before which are very sharp.
The pros about the scissors is
that they can help us cut things
out like papers. This commonly
used in offices and schools.
But when it comes to home
needs we need the scissors to
open food packets and such.
SCISSORS USAGE IN OUR DAILY LIFE
Scissors are hand-operated cutting instruments. They consist of a pair of metal blades pivoted so that
the sharpened edges slide against each other when the handles (bows) opposite to the pivot are closed.
Scissors are used for cutting various thin materials, such as paper, cardboard, metal foil, thin plastic,
cloth, rope, and wire. Scissors can also be used to cut hair and food. Scissors and shears are functionally
equivalent, but larger implements tend to be called shears.
There are many types of scissors and shears for different purposes. For example, children's scissors,
used only on paper, have dull blades and rounded corners to ensure safety. Scissors used to cut hair or
fabric must be much sharper. The largest shears used to cut metal or to trim shrubs must have very
strong, sharp blades.
Specialized scissors include sewing scissors, which often have one sharp point and one blunt point for
intricate cutting of fabric, and nail scissors, which sometimes have curved blades for cutting fingernails
and toenails.
Special kinds of shears include pinking shears, which have notched blades that cut cloth to give it a
wavy edge, and thinning shears, which have teeth that cut every second hair strand, rather than every
strand giving the illusion of thinner hair.
STAPLER SIMPLE MACHINE
A staple has various of simple
machines. Like wedges and levers.
The staples in a stapler are wedges.
When you push down on a stapler it
sends out a sharp metal stapler,
Which pierces through papers.
A top of a stapler is a lever, it
transfers energy into a staple, which
staples your paper.
Fulcrum
Lever
Wedge
MEET THE INVENTOR
The first recorded stapler as such was in 18th century France where
it was said to have been used by King Louis XV and to be inscribed
with his personal seal. Then in 1866 George W McGill developed a
small, bendable, brass fastener that could be used with paper.
Later in that same year he invented the machine that could insert
the bendable brass clip into paper. He showed his invention at the
1867 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His work
continued on the stapler and in 1879 a patent was granted for the
Mc Gill Single-stroke paper press. This “stapler” could load a single
½ inch wide wire stable and had the ability to bind several sheets of
paper. However this invention was not even close to the modern day
version of the stapler that you and I use every day. It weighed over 2
and ½ pounds and could only load a single staple at a time.
HISTORY
Before staplers came along, we had tried
just about everything, from sewing and
gluing to clamping and skewering.
Around 1200 C.E., though, an industrious
group of medieval academics became the
first to adhere pages using ribbon and
wax, and while that practice has long
since fallen by the wayside, they were
also the first to bind them at the upper-left
corner, as we do today.
CONS
PROS
The bad points about a stapler
is that some people will get
hurt by accidentally pushing
the to part of the stapler. Then
suddenly the staple which is
very sharp is going to be
pinned to your hand. If you
take it off lots of blood will flow
all over your hand or any other
part of your body.
The good points about the
stapler is that it can keep the
papers you’ve done together.
These are commonly done in
offices and other business
companies. But the reason
some people also have staplers
at home is because when we
open a packet of food and want
to close it but it is impossible
we use a stapler to close the
food packet.
USES OF THE STAPLER
Stapling is the most common form of binding used in the
world today. You wouldn’t think that a stapler would bind,
but that is exactly what it does. It takes a group of
unorganized papers and binds them together by use of a
small piece of metal. Staplers are used for a wide variety
of projects. They are commonly used in the office to keep
documents organized. Staplers are used to staple as little
as two sheets of paper, and higher-end staplers can
staple stacks of paper together. Staplers are very popular
in the printing and book industry for creating small
booklets. A saddle stapler will put two to three staples
along the spine of a book to help keep it together.
TYPES OF STAPLER…
Skin Stapler: Used for the closure of skin in surgical
procedures.
Manual Desktop Staplers: Mostly used in the office.
The maximum amount of papers that they can typically
staple is 20.
Electric Staplers: Mostly used when stapling large
volumes of paper. Electric staplers use a motor to press
down on the staple head.
TYPES OF STAPLER…
Grouped Staplers: This stapler is used for stapling
booklets.
Saddle Stapling: Saddle staplers have a V shaped
anvil that allows the papers to be properly placed for
booklet stapling.
Stitchers: Stitchers can bind large amounts of paper
together quickly and are ideal for high-volume binding.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Works Cited
beginning, I. t. (2009, August 26). A brief history of staplers. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from Mental Floss:
http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/327
Gundrum, C. (1997-2011). Simple machines. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from mikids: http://www.mikids.com/Smachines.htm
it, w. t. (2011). Stapler. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from wanttoknowit: http://wanttoknowit.com/who-invented-the-stapler/
mediocre woman. (2005). scissors. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from yahoo answers:
http://answers.yahoo.com/activity?show=AA10309525
Office, B. (1996~2011). Stapler Guide. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from ABC office: http://www.abcoffice.com/stapler-guide.htm
scissors. (2011, November 19). Retrieved November 27, 2011, from wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scissors
Simple Machines. (n.d.). Retrieved November 27, 2011, from pppst: http://science.pppst.com/simplemachines.html
simple machines. (2000~2011). Retrieved November 27, 2011, from edheads: http://www.edheads.org
Welford, J. (2002~2011). A history of scissors. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from Helium: http://www.helium.com/items/1080513history-of-scissors-and-shears
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