Module 2
Chapter 2
Preamble and
Article I Terms
Cases
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Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857): Declared that African
Americans were not, and could not be, American
citizens. This case, which also invalidated the Missouri
Compromise of 1820, helped serve as a catalyst to the
Civil War and was overturned by the Fourteenth
Amendment.
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): Overturned a monopoly
granted to steamboats by the state of New York on the
basis that this monopoly interfered with piloting licenses
granted to pilots of other ships by the national
government.
Home Building and Loan Association v. Blaisdell (1934):
In upholding the Minnesota Mortgage Moratorium Law,
the Court indicated that it would give a much more
liberal reading to the contract clause than the Court had
given in the nineteenth century
Cases
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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Ruled that
Congress had the implied power to establish a
national bank and that the state of Maryland had
no authority to tax it.
Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co. (1895):
Invalidated the income tax as unconstitutional;
the decision was overturned by ratification of the
Sixteenth Amendment.
U.S. Term Limits v. Thornton (1995): Decided
that the qualifications listed for members in the
Constitution were exclusive and that states could
not add to this requirement by imposing their
own term limits.
Preamble and Article I Terms
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Appropriation: A legislative grant of money to
fund programs
Articles and Sections of the Constitution:
Articles are subdivisions of the Constitution.
Sections are subdivisions of Articles. The US
Constitution has 7 Articles. Article I has 10
sections.
Bi – cameral: A two house legislature
Bill of Attainder: Pass a law creation a person
guilty of a crime without a trial
Preamble and Article I Terms
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Counterfeiting
To make an illegal copy of something
Dual Citizenship
You are a citizen of the United States and the state in
which you reside. The United States does not recognize
being a citizen of the United States and another country.
Duty of Tonnage
A tax on as specific rate per ton of capacity. States may
not use this form of tax
Elastic Clause
Article I, Section 8 which gives Congress the power to
make laws necessary of proper to complete other
responsibilities.
Preamble and Article I Terms
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Emoluments: Salary or payment
Enumeration: Population count done by
census every 10 years
Ex Post Facto Law: A law that makes an
act criminal although the act was legal
when it was committed
Preamble and Article I Terms
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Impeachment: Charges against a President or
Justice made by a majority of the House of
Representative
Implied Powers: Non-specific constitutional
powers stated to be necessary and proper for
carrying out the other powers granted Congress
Incompatibility Clause: This clause prohibits
any member of Congress from accepting an
appointment for any other civil office of the US
government during his/her active term.
Preamble and Article I Terms
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Letters of Marquee and Reprisal:A
commission issued during a state of war by
governments authorizing attach on ships to seize
property of a hostile nation. Only the US
national governments may issues these
commissions. States are prohibited from doing
so.
Naturalization: Process of becoming a citizen
of the United States
Posterity: Decedents or people who come after
us.
Preamble and Article I Terms
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Preamble
This is the introductory statement at the beginning of
the Constitution stating the objectives of the document.
Revenue Bills
Bills for raising revenue, taxes etc. Revenue Bill must
originate from the House of Representative.
3/5 Clause
Slaves in the US were counted as 3/5 of a person for the
purpose of (1) accessing state taxes on property or (2)
counting toward the number of representative in the
House which a State is allotted.