Year 11 PE
Muscles and Bones Test
Name:
_________________________
1
TRUE/FALSE –
Write in the space provided, T/F for the following statements.
1. The clavicle is commonly known as the collar bone.
2. Phalanges are classified as short bones.
3. You would find the sternum in the spine.
4. The cartilage that protects the end of the bones is known as
smooth cartilage.
5. The tibia is located on the anterior area of the leg.
6. Synovial joints are characterized by a large range of
movement.
7. The clavicle is superior to the cranium.
8. Hinge joints are located in the elbow and shoulder.
9. If I bend my arm to touch my nose then my elbow would
be flexing.
10. Hanging on the monkey bars would mean my arms are
extended.
11. The three different types of muscle are cardiac, skeletal
and internal.
12. The agonist muscle is the muscle responsible for the main
movement.
13. In the upward phase of a bar bell curl the agonist muscle
would be the triceps.
14. You are trying to push a stationary car; the type of
muscular contraction would be isokinetic.
15. The Central Nervous System is responsible for all skeletal
muscular contractions.
16. A motor neuron is the nerve and all the muscle fibres that
it stimulates.
17. The gastrocnemius is located in the lower back.
18. The gluteus maximus is largely responsible for hip
extension.
19. The rectus abdominis located in your stomach area.
20. One of the main functions of the muscular system is to
maintain our posture.
(20 marks)
2
MULTIPLE CHOICE -
(Place answers in the boxes provided)
1.
From inferior to superior the curvatures of the spine are the:
A/
lumbar, sacral, cervical, thoracic.
B/
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral.
C/
sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical.
D/
thoracic, lumbar, sacral, cervical
2.
Bones are attached to each other mainly by means of:
A/
ligaments and skin.
B/
muscle and skin.
C/
ligaments and muscle.
D/
tendons and muscle.
3.
Which of the following is NOT a category of joint ?
A/
cartilagenous
B/
fibrous
C/
hyaline
D/
synovial
4.
Which of the following is an example of a saddle joint ?
A/
the base of the thumb
B/
the ankle
C/
the knee
D/
the hip
5.
The movement known as circumduction is a combination of:
A/
abduction, adduction, pronation, supination.
B/
inversion, eversion, flexion, abduction.
C/
flexion, extension, hyperextension.
D/
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction.
6.
Whilst carrying a tray in front of the body with the hands lying flat under the tray:
A/
the hands are flexed.
B/
the hands are extended.
C/
the hands are supinated.
D/
the hands are pronated.
7.
Pointing the toes towards the floor is an example of
A/ inversion
B/ plantar flexion
C/ eversion
D/ dorsi flexion
8.
When the leg performs adduction
a) it increases the angle between two bones
b) it decreases the angle between two bones
c) it moves towards the midline of the body
d) it moves away from the midline of the body
3
9.
The muscle responsible for shrugging the shoulders is the
a) rhomboids
b) trapezius
c) latissimus dorsi
d) pectoralis major
10.
The muscle fibre type responsible for explosive movement are
a) fast twitch
b) quick twitch
c) slow twitch
d) ballistic twitch
11. A muscle can exert its greatest force during which type of contraction?
a) isokinetic
b) isotonic –concentric
c) isotonic – eccentric
d) isometric
12. The message the brain sends to the muscles are:
a) chemical
b) electrical
c) mechanical
d) fibrous
13. What mineral/ion is necessary for muscular contraction?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Potassium (K)
Phosphorous (P)
Calcium (Ca)
Sodium (Na)
14. Which pair of muscles does NOT have an agonist/antagonist relationship?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Trapezius/Rhomboid
Bicep/Tricep
Quadriceps/Hamstrings
Erector Spinae/ Rectus Abdominus
15. The two contractile proteins within a myofibril are
a) actin and tropomyosin
a) actin and myosin
c) myosin and tropomyosin
d) troponin and tropomyosin
(15 Marks)
4
SHORT ANSWER 1. List four functions of the skeleton.
(i) _____________________________ (ii) _______________________________
(iii) ____________________________ (iv) _____________________________ (4 marks)
2.
Give two examples of a short bone.
(i) _______________________________ (ii) _____________________________ (2 marks)
3.
Give two functions of a flat bone.
(i) ________________________________ (ii) ____________________________ (2 marks)
4. What classification of joint is each of the following ? Tick the appropriate box. If Synovial, specify the
type of Synovial Joint.
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Type of Synovial
Shoulder
Knee
Cranium
Pelvis
Wrist
Costal Cartilages
Neck
Thumb
(14 Marks)
5. Discuss in detail the importance of healthy well balanced diet at a young age to increase mineral deposits.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________ (4 Marks)
5
6. Name the bones that form each of the following joints.
Shoulder :
1. _________________________________ 2. ______________________________
3. _________________________________
Knee :
1. _________________________________ 2. ______________________________
3. _________________________________ 4. ______________________________
(7 marks)
7. Name the movement for the following arm actions.
Bending the elbow to take a drink:
_______________________________________________________
Raising the arm to the side:
_______________________________________________________
Swinging the arm in a full 360o circle:
_____________________________________________________________
Rotating the hand to the palm UP position:
_______________________________________________________
(4 marks)
8. Name the movement for the following leg actions.
Straightening the knee to kick a ball:
______________________________________________________
Pushing the foot down on the accelerator pedal:
______________________________________________________
Twisting the foot to turn the sole outward:
______________________________________________________
(3 marks)
Q9. Explain what a motor unit consists of, and give a sporting example of the process that sees information
(messages) received by the brain and then sent to the muscle group required.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ (3 marks)
6
10. Label the diagram of the skeleton below:
(17 marks)
7
11.Complete the following by circling the correct term in the sentence.
A) The hand is in a prone/supine position if it is palm down on the table.
B) Your toes are distal/proximal to your head.
C) The radius is on the medial/lateral side of the forearm.
D) Sleeping on your back you are lying in a supine/prone position.
E) The head is inferior/superior to your chest.
F) The clavicle is anterior/posterior to the scapula.
G) The ribs are lateral/medial to the sternum.
H) Your elbow is at the distal/proximal end of your humerus.
I) Your phalanges are medial/lateral to your illium.
J) Your thoracic vertebrae are anterior/superior to your patella.
(10 Marks)
8
12. Label the diagrams of the muscular system below:
(7 Marks)
9
13. List the THREE (3) different types of muscle. Give an example for each
a) ________________________________ eg)
b) _________________________________ eg)
c) _________________________________ eg)
(6 Marks)
14. When throwing a ball, the elbow performs extension.
a) List the agonist and antagonist muscle in this movement
Agonist - ________________________
Antagonist - _____________________
(2 Marks)
b) Explain the process Reciprocal Inhibition in elbow extension
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________ (2 Marks)
c) Give another example of an antagonistic muscle pair:
________________________________________ & ______________________________________
(2 Marks)
15. Name the muscle responsible and list the type of contraction for each movement
MOVEMENT
AGONIST MUSCLE
TYPE OF CONTRACTION
Extending the elbow
Dorsi flexion
Flexing the knee
Abducting the arm
Holding the abdomen in a
flexed position
(10 Marks)
16. Fill the blanks
Muscular contraction occurs as a result of filaments (____________ and ___________) sliding past one
another. The ____________ __________________ theory is the current model used to explain how the
individual muscle structures combine to produce force. During muscle contraction myosin heads or
__________ bridges bind with ________________ and pull the thin filaments either side inwards to the
centre of the __________________. As the thin filaments slide towards each other the sarcomere
___________________.
(7 Marks)
10