Observing Invertebrates
Classification

Classification = arranging animals or other
things into groups according to their
similarities

Carolus Linnaeus = came up with a
practical methods of classifying the plants
and animals into groups according to their
similarities
Linnaeus’ System
Practical Method for classification
Kindgom
King
Phylum
Phillip
Class
Caught
Order
One
Family
Funny
Genus
Green
Species
Snake
Last 2 divisions give the scientific name
 Languages for scientific names were Latin
and Greek; chosen because educated
people in the Western world spoke these
languages

Kingdoms
Plant Kingdom
 Animal Kingdom

Plant Kingdom

Forests

Fungus
More Plant Kingdom

Venus Fly Trap

Flowers
Animal Kingdom

Alligator

Birds
More Animal Kingdom

Amoeba

Butterflies
More Animal Kingdom

Deer

Eagle
Animal Kingdom
Vertebrates = animal with a backbone
 Invertebrates = animals without a
backbone

Vertebrates

Horse

Cats
Vertebrate = Cat
Other Cat Classifications

Orders
 Carnivores

Family
 Felids

Genus
 Felis

Species
 Feline
Class of Vertebrates = 3%
Mammals
 Birds
 Fish
 Amphibians
 Reptiles

Invertebrates

Butterflies

Paramecium
Classes of Invertebrates = 97%

Protozoans – microscopic animals



Paramecium
Amoeba
Arthropods
Insects
 Arachnids
 Crustaceans
 Centipedes
 Millipedes
 Mollusks
 Worms

Phylum Arthropods
External skeleton = exoskeleton – made of
chitin (tough material of protein)
 Jointed appendages = legs
 Segmented bodies


90% are in the insect class
Insects
3 body parts: head, thorax, abdomen
 1 pair of antennae to help feel, hear, and
taste
 Simple eyes to see light and shadow
 Compound eyes to see in many directions
at once
 Spiracles – tiny openings in the abdomen
where air enters

More Insect Notes
Tracheae – breathing tubes
 3 pairs of jointed legs
 1 or more pairs of wings

Insects

Butterfly

Praying mantis
Metamorphosis

Metamorphosis = change in appearance

Complete metamorphosis
 Egg
= larva = pupa = adult
 Examples are butterflies and moths
Complete Metamorphosis

Monarch butterfly

Horn devil moth
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Egg = nymph = adult
 Example: grasshopper

Familiar Order of Insects
Orthoptera = means straight wings
 Straight, papery wings that fold in a
straight line along bodies when not flying

Examples of Orthoptera

Examples: crickets, grasshoppers, locusts,
cockroaches
More Orders
Odonata = means toothed
 Long, slender bodies; huge eyes; 2 pair of
transparent wings

Examples of Odonata Order

Damselfly

Dragonfly
Coleoptera Order
Coleoptera = means sheath wings
 ¼ of all insects are in this order
 Straight line down their backs

Coleoptera Example

Beetles
Homoptera Order
Homoptera = means same wings
 When not flying, their wings look like a
tent
 They are a nuisance to farmers

Homoptera

Aphids

Cicada
Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera means membrane wings
 Social insects like bees, ants and wasps

Lepidotera Order
Lepidoptera means scale wings
 Butterflies fly during the day
 Moths fly mostly at night (nocturnal)

Lepidoptera Examples

Monarch Butterfly

Horn Devil Moth
Hemiptera Order
Hemiptera means helf wing
 Front wings cross over to form an X or V
at the base of the abdomen
 True bugs

Hemiptera Examples

Stink Bug
Diptera Order
Diptera means two wings
 Leave popular group of insects

Diptera Examples

Fly

Mosquito
Arthropod Engineers: Spiders
Belong to Animal Kingdom and Phylum
Arthropod; Class of Arachnids
 8 legs
 Simple eyes with poor vision
 2 distinct body regions

 Abdomen
 Cephalothorax
= head and thorax combined
Arachnids continued
No wings, so they crawl from place to
place
 No antennae, but feel with setae
(sensitive hairs that grow all over their
body)
 Creative engineers making webs to trap
food

Arachnids continued
Breathe with book lung (organ in their
body where several thin sheets of tissue
are filled with blood vessels like a book’s
pages)
 Growth is from baby spiders; not through
metamorphosis

Spider Webs
Manufacture silk inside their abdomens
 Use silk webs to trap insects for food
 Rely on silk safety lines to keep from
falling when they jump from place to place
 Use camouflage (disguise or conceal) their
hideaways with silk
 Ballooning = way young spiders sail
through the air on silk strands

Spiders
Spinnerets = special tubelike structures on
a spider that produce silk
 Orb Web = wheel-shaped spider web with
a spider in the center; only lasts about a
day

Selection of Spiders

Platform spider = blankets a small section
of ground with a flat maze of silk to form
a sheet web

Ogre-faced spider = uses its silk to make
a tiny net small enough to hold between
its leg
Kinds of Spiders
Trapdoor spiders = digs a hole in the
ground and waits for its meal; lines the
hole with silk and then build a silk trap
door that fils snugly over the top of the
hole
 Spitting spider = spits out a pair of strong,
sticky threads to immobilize its victim
 Water spider = lives entire life underwater

Spitting Spider
Trapdoor Spider
spider
home
More Kinds of Spiders
Black Widow = found in dark basements
and sheds; can easily be recognized by
the red, orange, or yellow “hourglass” on
its black abdomen; bite can be deadly
 Brown Recluse = harmful spider by a dark
violin-shaped mark on top of its body; bite
is painless, but venom is deadly

Pictures of Spiders

Black Widow

Brown Recluse
More Spiders
Tarantula = largest spiders in the world;
feeds primarily on insects, small reptiles,
small mammals, and sometimes frogs
 Goliath birdeater of South America is the
world’s largest tarantula
 Harvestman = daddy longlegs; round
body suspended between 8 long legs;
feeds on insects and garden plants

More Arachnid Pictures

Tarantula

Harvestman
More Arachnids
Scorpion = long tail with a poisonous
needlelike point on the end
 Ticks
 Mites = can cause a skin infection called
mange (fatal for animals if left untreated);
people get skin infections called scabies
 Host = term describes the organism on
which a parasite lives

THE
END