Exercise 9: Energy balance
PART 1: Understanding the energy balance
Please choose and open one of the files “2012_BAL_COUNTRY.xls”. This file is the “IEA balance builder” for
the COUNTRY of your choice.
The purpose of the IEA Balance Builder is to build a country energy balance following the IEA methodology
starting from data in physical units. In this case, the file has been prefilled for your analysis. In the sheet
“Aggregated balance”, you find a complete energy balance for the given country, for the year 2012.
The goal of this introductory exercise is to understand the main concepts behind an energy balance and to
become familiar with it. The series of questions below will guide you through an analysis of the balance.
Supply
1. Is the country an energy producer? If so, of what products?
2. What is the largest energy source in the country’s energy mix?
3. Is the country overall self-sufficient? Why?
4. Look for the values of TPES/population in 2000 and 2012 by selecting the country in the right menu
at: http://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/ . Has it changed?
Transformation
5. What is the difference between a negative number and a positive number in the transformation
sector?
6. What are the sources of electricity in the country?
7. Focus on main activity electricity producers: how much energy is lost in the overall electricity
generation? What share of the total input to electricity does it represent?
8. Bonus question: If the country has generation of electricity from coal or natural gas main activity
producers, what is the specific efficiency of generation? (Use information of electricity generation
by source at the bottom of the page; note that 1 GWh = 0.086 ktoe).
Final consumption
9. What is the largest final consumption sector?
10. What is the share of oil products in road consumption?
PART 2: Building the energy balance
Please open the file BalanceBuilder_Statisland.xls
The purpose of the IEA Balance Builder is to build a country energy balance following the IEA methodology.
This can be done either by filling by hand the “Data in physical units” and “Conversion factors” worksheets
or by uploading data from the IEA data questionnaires. Whenever data need to be adjusted, it is good
practice to adjust the corresponding questionnaire and re-upload it.
You are presented with a partially filled balance builder, follow the instructions below to complete the data.
Note that yellow cells indicate errors (as explained in the “Main Menu” worksheet).
Before starting, open the “Data in physical units” worksheet. You will note the following issues:
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there is an arithmetic error for other bituminous coal
anthracite has data on the “Data in physical units” worksheet but no data on the “Disaggregated
balance” worksheet, due to missing net calorific values in the “Conversion factors” worksheet.
Now do the following:
1. Please adjust the coal questionnaire STATISLAND_Coal.xls for 2012 according to the following:
a. Other bituminous coal: consumption in Industry Sector - Non-metallic minerals was
accidentally left out. It should be 7666 kt.
b. “Table 4”: Update the following net calorific values:
Anthracite: 28710 kJ/kg for production, 28958 kJ/kg for Imports , 28710 kJ/kg for exports,
12235 kJ/kg for Used in main activity plants, 19732 kJ/kg for Used in industry and 21472
kJ/kg for For other uses.
2. Once you are done with the above changes you can upload the coal questionnaire.
3. Check the Balance Builder to make sure that all the errors were corrected.
General balance question:
4. Look at the nuclear and hydro columns in the “Data in physical units” worksheet, numbers are
reported in electricity output not in production and transformation, why?
Looking at nuclear and hydro in the “aggregated balance” worksheet we find numbers in
production; how are they calculated? What is the implied efficiency?