PHOTOSYNTHESIS
What is the
MAIN
purpose of
photosynthesis?
To make:
GLUCOSE
(food)
Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen
What organisms can make
their own food?
AUTOTROPHS (PRODUCERS)
Example: Plants
What organisms must obtain their food?
HETEROTROPHS (CONSUMERS)
Examples: Mushrooms, cows, bacteria, humans, fish, birds
•
•
How is energy stored and released from ATP?
Where is the chemical bond broken to release
energy?
Energy is stored in chemical bonds and released
when bond is broken between 2nd & 3rd
Phosphate groups.
1
2
3
ATP contains energy like a battery
ADP + P (Uncharged Battery)
2 phosphate groups has low energy
ATP (Charged Battery)
3 phosphate groups has high energy
What color wavelengths are best for photosynthesis?
VIOLET &
BLUE
Green is
reflected by
the green
chlorophyll
(pigment/
protein)
Absorbed
Light is
Used
Light!!!
Which kind of wavelength has more energy?
Longer
or
Shorter
What are pigments?
What do pigments do?
Pigments are proteins!
Pigments absorb light!
What makes plants green?
CHLOROPHYLL (Pigment)
What are the 3 reactants
in the photosynthesis
chemical reaction?
• Sunlight
• H₂O
• CO₂
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
REACTANTS
→
PRODUCTS
What is oxygen in the
photosynthesis process?
Van Helmont
Hint: “H” for H2O
CO2 + H₂O → Sunlight → C6H12O6 + O2
Van Helmont’s experiment concluded that the plant must
have gotten its additional mass from H2O since that was all
that the plant received.
Priestly
(Think: Priests put candles in churches)
CO2 + H2O → Sunlight → C6H12O6 + O₂
Priestly found the plant released OXYGEN from his
experiment keeping mouse and flame alive.
Ingenhouz Hint: think “light house”
CO2 + H2O → Sunlight → C6H12O6 + O2
Ingenhouz repeated Priestly’s experiment but tried it with and without
sunlight to see if that was necessary. He found sunlight was an important
part of photosynthesis.
CO₂
GLUCOSE
Calvin
CO2 + H2O → Sunlight → C6H12O6 + O2
Calvin came up with the Calvin Cycle and showed how plants
take ATP and NADPH to change CO2 →C6H12O6 (glucose)
CO₂
H₂O
SUNLIGHT
Calvin
Cycle
Thylakoids
Light Dependent
Reaction
ATP
Light
Independent
Reaction
NADPH
O₂
(waste product)
C₆ H₁₂ O₂
(glucose)
LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION
(NEEDS SUNLIGHT)
WHY IS SUNLIGHT
NEEDED?
To break down
(blow up)
WATER (H2O)
to make
ATP & NADPH
(energy)
How is energy carried in ATP?
How is energy carried in NADPH?
In the CHEMICAL BOND
In the H+ and Electrons
LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION
(DOES NOT NEED SUNLIGHT)
Where does
Glucose C₆H₁₂O₆ get
its carbon,
hydrogen, and
oxygen in the Calvin
Cycle?
CO₂
and
NADPH
Glucose C₆H₁₂O₆
Where does the Calvin Cycle
(Light Independent Reaction) take place?
CO₂
12 PGA
RuBP
CALVIN
CYCLE
10
10PGAL
PGAL
2 PGAL
GLUCOSE
12 PGAL
“The Stroma is the
space where the
cycle takes place.”
Must know the flow of carbon molecules
through the Calvin Cycle
CO₂
12 PGA
RuBP
CALVIN
CYCLE
10
10PGAL
PGAL
2 PGAL
GLUCOSE
12 PGAL
Must know the flow of carbon molecules
through the Calvin Cycle
Let’s simplify it!!!
RuBP
CO₂
PGA
CALVIN
CYCLE
ATP & NADPH
(Energy)
PGAL
GLUCOSE
C₆H₁₂O₆
How many times does the Calvin Cycle go
around to make glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)?
CO₂
12 PGA
RuBP
CALVIN
CYCLE
10
10PGAL
PGAL
2 PGAL
GLUCOSE
12 PGAL