Interest Grabber
Section 21-1
Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral?
Have you ever eaten mushrooms? Perhaps you have seen them growing
from the ground in a forest or yard. Perhaps you have seen them for sale
in a supermarket.
1. What are some things that you know about mushrooms?
2. Would you classify mushrooms as an animal, a plant, or something
else? Give reasons for your answer.
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Section:
Section Outline
Section 21-1
21–1
The Kingdom Fungi
A.
B.
C.
D.
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Section:
What Are Fungi?
Structure and Function of Fungi
Reproduction in Fungi
How Fungi Spread
Hyphae Structure
Section 21-1
Nuclei
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Cross wall
Cytoplasm
Hyphae With Cross Walls
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Section:
Nuclei
Cell wall
Hyphae Without Cross Walls
Figure 21-2 The Structure of a Mushroom
Section 21-1
Fruiting body
Hyphae
Mycelium
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Section:
Interest Grabber
Section 21-2
Fungi and You
Believe it or not, fungi play an important role in your life. The bread you
eat, the salad you make, and the medicine that you take when you are sick
may include various types of fungi.
1. List as many examples of fungi that you can.
2. How are fungi helpful to humans?
3. How are fungi harmful to humans?
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Section:
Section Outline
Section 21-2
21–2
Classification of Fungi
A. The Common Molds
1. Structure and Function of Bread Mold
2. Life Cycle of Molds
B. The Sac Fungi
1. Life Cycle of Sac Fungi
2. Yeasts
C. The Club Fungi
1. Life Cycle of Club Fungi
2. Diversity of Club Fungi
3. Edible and Inedible Mushrooms
D. The Imperfect Fungi
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Section:
Concept Map
Section 21-2
Fungi
are divided into the phyla
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Deuteromycota
includes
includes
includes
includes
Common
molds
Sac fungi
Club
fungi
Imperfect
fungi
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Section:
Figure 21-5 The Life Cycle of Rhizopus
Section 21-2
Zygospore
(2N)
FERTILIZATION
Sporangium
Gametangia
MEIOSIS
Sporangium
Spores
(N)
Zygospore (2N)
Spores (N)
Stolons
+ Mating type (N)
- Mating type (N)
Sporangiophore
Asexual
Reproduction
Rhizoids
Sexual Reproduction
Diploid
Haploid
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Section:
Figure 21-7 The Life Cycle of an Ascomycete
Section 21-2
Fruiting body (N + N)
Hyphae
(N + N)
Ascus
(N + N)
Diploid
Zygote (2N)
Haploid
Hyphae (N)
Gametangia
Asci
FERTILIZATION
HYPHAE FUSE
MEIOSIS
+ Mating type (N)
Sexual Reproduction
- Mating type (N)
Ascus
Conidia (N)
Hypha (N)
Conidiophore
Hypha (N)
Asexual Reproduction
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Section:
8 Ascospores
(N)
Figure 21-8 The Life Cycle of a
Basidiomycete
Section 21-2
Fruiting body (N + N)
Gills lined
with basidia
Cap
Button
Gills
Stalk
Base
Basidia
(N + N)
Secondary
mycelium (N + N)
FERTILIZATION
HYPHAE FUSE
Primary mycelium (N)
Zygote (2N)
- Mating type (N)
Haploid
+ Mating type (N)
MEIOSIS
Diploid
Basidiospores (N)
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Section:
Interest Grabber
Section 21-3
Which Fungi Are They?
You may recall that decomposers break down the remains of other
organisms. Parasites are organisms that harm other organisms while living
on or within them. Some live in close contact and form a mutually
beneficial association with other species.
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Section:
Interest Grabber continued
Section 21-3
Classify each of the following fungi as decomposers, parasites, or
organisms that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another
species.
1. A network of fungi covers the roots of fir trees. The trees provide the
fungi with food, and the fungi help the tree roots absorb water.
2. Fungi living on growing corn stalks destroy corn kernels.
3. Mushrooms growing on a fallen log obtain food from the decaying
wood.
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Section:
Section Outline
Section 21-3
21–3
Ecology of Fungi
A. All Fungi Are Heterotrophs
B. Fungi as Decomposers
C. Fungi as Parasites
1. Plant Diseases
2. Human Diseases
3. Other Animal Diseases
D. Symbiotic Relationships
1. Lichens
2. Mycorrhizae
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Section:
Lichen Structure
Section 21-3
Densely packed hyphae
Layer of algae/
cyanobacteria
Loosely packed hyphae
Densely packed hyphae
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Section:
Video
Fungi
Click the image to play the video segment.
Go Online
Interactive test
Articles on fungi
For links on fungi go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code
as follows: cbn-6211.
For links on asexual reproduction, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter
the Web Code as follows: cbn-6212.
Interest Grabber Answers
1. What are some things that you know about mushrooms?
Possible answers: Mushrooms grow from the soil in dark, damp places.
They are eaten by animals, including people. They are soft.
2. Would you classify mushrooms as an animal, a plant, or something else?
Give reasons for your answer.
Students will likely say that mushrooms should be classified as something
other than plants or animals. Possible reasons: Mushrooms grow in soil, as
plants do, but they aren’t green. Mushrooms aren’t animals because they
don’t move from place to place as animals do.
Interest Grabber Answers
1. List as many examples of fungi that you can.
Mushrooms, mold, yeast, mildew, truffles
2. How are fungi helpful to humans?
They are sources of food and are used in making bread, wine,
and medicines.
3. How are fungi harmful to humans?
Some are poisonous and can cause illness or death.
Interest Grabber Answers
Classify each of the following fungi as decomposers, parasites, or organisms
that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another species.
1. A network of fungi covers the roots of fir trees. The trees provide the fungi
with food, and the fungi help the tree roots absorb water.
Organisms that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another
species
2. Fungi living on growing corn stalks destroy corn kernels.
Parasites
3. Mushrooms growing on a fallen log obtain food from the decaying wood.
Decomposers
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