Chapter 12
Emerging Leadership
Perspectives
Great leaders walk
the talk
Chapter 12 Study Questions
What is integrative leadership?
What is moral leadership?
What is change leadership?
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What is integrative leadership?
• Full-range leadership theory (FRLT)
– Involves nine dimensions covering both
transformational and transactional leadership,
especially emphasizing contextual variables
– designed to recognize contextual variables that
link observations to a set of relevant facts,
events, or points of view
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What is integrative leadership?
• Shared leadership
– a dynamic, interactive influence process among
individuals in groups for which the objective is
to lead one another to the achievement of
group or organizational goals or both.
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What is integrative leadership?
• Leadership in self-managing work teams
– Leaders provide resources or act as liaisons
with other units but without the trappings of
authority associated with traditional first-line
supervisors
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What is integrative leadership?
Conditions for creating and maintaining
team performance
• Efficient, goal-directed effort
• Adequate resources
• Competent, motivated performance
• A productive, supportive climate
• Commitment to continuous improvement
and adaptation
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What is integrative leadership?
• Self-Leadership Activities
– represent a portfolio of self-influence strategies
that are believed to positively influence
individual behavior, thought processes, and
related activities
– behavior-focused, natural-reward, and
constructive-thought-pattern
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What is integrative leadership?
• Behavior focused strategies
– self-observation
– self-goal setting
– self-reward
– self-correcting feedback
– practice
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What is integrative leadership?
• GLOBE (Global Leadership and
Organizational Behavior Effectiveness
Research Program)
– attributes and entities that differentiate a
specified culture predict organizational
practices, leader attributes, behaviors that are
most often carried out and are most effective in
that culture
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Figure 12.1
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What is integrative leadership?
Culture dimensions
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•
•
•
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Assertiveness
Future orientation
Gender egalitarianism
Uncertainty avoidance
Power distance
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• Institutional emphasis
• In-group collectivism
• Performance
orientation
• Humane orientation
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What is integrative leadership?
Leadership dimensions
• Charismatic/value based
• Team-oriented
• Participative
• Humane-oriented
• Autonomous
• Self-protective
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Figure 12.2
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What is integrative leadership?
• Multiple-Level Leadership
– there are three different organizational domains
from the bottom to the top of the organization,
– (1) the production domain at the bottom of the
organization
– (2) the organization domain in the middle levels
– (3) the systems domain at the top
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Figure 12.3
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What is integrative leadership?
• Cognitive complexity
– are those who process information differently
and perform certain better than less cognitively
complex persons because they use more
categories to discriminate
• Social intelligence
– ability to notice and make distinctions among
other individuals
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What is integrative leadership?
• Absorptive capacity
– the ability to learn
• Adaptive capacity
– the ability to change
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What is integrative leadership?
• Managerial wisdom
– involves the ability to perceive variation in the
environment and an understanding of the social
actors and their relationships.
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What is moral leadership?
• Authentic leadership
– involves both owning one’s personal
experiences (values, thoughts, emotions, and
beliefs) and acting in accordance with one’s
true self (expressing what you really think and
believe, and acting accordingly).
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What is moral leadership?
• Self-efficacy
– an individual’s belief about the likelihood of
successfully completing a specific task
• Optimism
– the expectation of positive outcomes
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What is moral leadership?
• Hope
– the tendency to look for alternative pathways to
reach a desired goal
• Resilience
– the ability to bounce back from failure and keep
forging ahead
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What is moral leadership?
• Servant leadership
– primary purpose of business should be to
create a positive impact on its employees and
its community
– helps others discover their inner spirit,
– earning and keeping their trust
– exhibits is effective listening and service over
self interest
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What is moral leadership?
• Spiritual leadership
– a causal leadership approach for organizational
transformation designed to create an
intrinsically motivated, learning organization
– includes values, attitudes, and behaviors
required to intrinsically motivate self and others
to have a sense of spiritual survival through
calling and membership
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Figure 12.4
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What is change leadership?
• Change leadership helps deal with the
idea of an organization that masters the
challenges of change while still creating a
satisfying, healthy, and effective workplace
for its employees
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What is change leadership?
• Transformational change
– radically shifts the fundamental character of an
organization
• Change agents
– individuals and groups who take responsibility
for changing the existing behavior patterns of
another person or social system
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What is change leadership?
• Unplanned change
– occurs spontaneously and without a change
agent’s direction
• Planned change
– intentional and occurs with a change agent’s
direction
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What is change leadership?
• Performance gap
– a discrepancy between the desired and actual
state of affairs
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Figure 12.5
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What is change leadership?
Forces for change
• Organization-environment relationship
• Organizational life cycle
• Political nature of organizations
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Figure 12.6
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What is change leadership?
• Unfreezing
– stage at which a situation is prepared for
change
• Changing
– stage in which specific actions are taken to
create change
• Refreezing
– stage in which changes are reinforced and
stabilized
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What is change leadership?
• Force-coercion strategy
– uses authority, rewards, and punishments to
create change
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What is change leadership?
• Rational persuasion strategy
– uses facts, special knowledge, and rational
argument to create change
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What is change leadership?
• Shared-power strategy
– uses participatory methods and emphasizes
common values to create change
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What is change leadership?
• Resistance to change
– an attitude or behavior that shows
unwillingness to make or support a change
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What is change leadership?
Why people resist change
• Resistance to the change itself
• Resistance to the change strategy
• Resistance to the change agent
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Figure 12.7
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