Physical Science
Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy
Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer and Transformation
Grade 5 Quarter 2 Topics 8 & 9
What is Energy?
Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist
Keisha Kidd, Curriculum Support Specialist
Millard Lightburn, District Supervisor
Department of Mathematics and Science
Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy
Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer & Transformation
Benchmarks
SC.5.P.10.1 - Investigate and describe some basic forms of energy, including light, heat,
sound, electrical, chemical, and mechanical.
SC.5.P.10.2 - Investigate and explain that energy has the ability to cause motion or
create change.
SC.5.P.10.4 - Investigate and explain that electrical energy can be transformed into
heat, light, and sound energy, as well as the energy of motion.
Also Assesses:
SC.4.P.10.3 - Investigate and explain that sound is produced by vibrating objects and that pitch
depends on how fast or slow the object vibrates.
SC.4.P.10.4 - Describe how moving water and air are sources of energy and can be used to move
things.
SC.3.P.10.3 - Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object or travels
from one medium to another.
SC.3.P.10.4 - Demonstrate that light can be reflected, refracted, and absorbed.
SC.3.P.11.1 - Investigate, observe, and explain that things that give off light often also give off
heat.
SC.3.P.11.2 - Investigate, observe, and explain that heat is produced when one object rubs against
another, such as rubbing one's hands together.
Department of Mathematics and Science
What is Energy?
•
Energy is the ability to do work.
•
Energy is the ability to cause a change.
Energy can change an object’s:
motion
shape
temperature
color
3
Department of Mathematics and Science
Energy is all around us!
– You can hear energy as sound
when someone talks.
– You can see mechanical energy every time you
move.
– You can see energy as light from the sun or a
lamp.
– You can feel it as heat warms things up.
Discovery Fundamentals:
Energy Makes it Happen
Department of Mathematics and Science
What are the Forms of Energy?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Electrical
Light
Sound
Chemical
Heat/Thermal
Mechanical
kinetic
potential
http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/energy/
Department of Mathematics and Science
Kinetic Energy
Energy due to motion.
• Types of kinetic energy
• Kinetic energy can change into other forms of
energy.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Potential Energy
Stored energy that could cause change in the
future.
Potential energy is stored energy--energy ready to
go. A lawn mower filled with gasoline, a car on
top of a hill, and students waiting to go home
from school are all examples of potential energy.
Types of potential energy
• gravitational
• compressed spring
• chemical
• magnetic
Department of Mathematics and Science
Mechanical Energy
• Mechanical energy is the energy that is possessed
by an object due to its motion or due to its
position. Mechanical energy can be either kinetic
energy (energy of motion) or potential energy
(stored energy of position)
• All energy can be in one of two states: potential
energy or kinetic energy.
The amount of mechanical energy depends on the
object’s speed and mass.
Department of Mathematics and Science
What is Sound?
https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp
• Sound is a form of energy produced by a
vibration or a back and forth movement of an
object.
• Sound is a wave of vibrations that spread from
its source of its matter.
• The more vibrations the waves have, the more
energy, the louder the sound.
• The faster the vibrations or the frequency, the
higher the sound.
• How high or low a sound is called the pitch.
Department of Mathematics and Science
What is light?
•
•
•
Light is something that allows us to see
objects.
Light is a form of energy.
Light is produced by the vibrations of
electrically charged particles.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Properties of Light
• Light travels in a straight path.
• Light doesn’t travel through all objects.
These are defined as opaque.
• Light can be absorbed and changed to heat.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Properties of Light Continued
• Light bounces off or is reflected from some
kinds of opaque objects.
• Some objects let all light pass through them
are known as:
transparent
• Some objects let some light pass through
them are known as:
translucent
Department of Mathematics and Science
Bending Light Lab
Write down responses on your note page.
• Problem: What does light do when it travels
from one medium or state of matter (air) through
another medium (water)?
• Hypothesis:
• Test and Observe: Follow steps from the lab
sheet.
• Conclusion:
• Apply: Draw a light path though a cup
of water and explain it.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Light Changes Direction
• Light bends or refracts as it passes from one
medium (form of matter: solid, liquid or gas)
to another.
• Refraction of Light Virtual Tutorial
Department of Mathematics and Science
What is Thermal Energy?
• Thermal energy is the total of all the kinetic
and potential energy of the atoms in an object.
• When any form of matter gets warmer, the
kinetic energy of its atoms increases.
• The object’s particles move faster, so its thermal energy
increases.
• A change in thermal energy can lead to a change in phase or
state of matter.
• Temperature is a measure of thermal energy.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Quiz: Constructed Response
Department of Mathematics and Science
Chemical Energy
• Chemical energy is made when substances react and
form new substances.
• Food, batteries, and fuels such as oil and gasoline
are stored chemical energy.
• Chemical energy can change to:
sound
light
thermal
electrical
kinetic
Department of Mathematics and Science
How Do People Get Energy?
Your body gets nutrients from eating food. It gets
energy from some of these nutrients. You need
energy to do activities. When you walk, talk,
sleep, sneeze, or pet a dog, you use energy. You
also need energy for your body to function on the
inside. You need energy for your heart to beat
and your brain to think.
It’s a good thing your digestive system helps your
body get the nutrients and energy it needs!
Department of Mathematics and Science
Read A Day in Your Digestive System
1. What is the purpose of the body’s
digestive system?
2. What are its main organs and their
functions?
3. In what organ are the nutrients that
provide energy released into the blood
stream?
4. Explain one way that energy is transformed
in your body.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Forms of Energy
Energy Forms
• Heat/thermal
• Electrical
• Chemical
• Mechanical:
potential
kinetic
• Sound
• Light /Radiant
•
•
•
•
What Happens?
Objects warm. Food cooks.
Lights on. / Machines run.
Organisms move and grow.
Flashlights light up.
•
•
•
•
Sled sits on top of a hill.
Sled slides down the hill.
Objects vibrate making noise.
Plants grow. / Lasers cut.
Department of Mathematics and Science
List 6 forms of energy and give
an example for each energy
Energy
Examples
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Department of Mathematics and Science
What is the Transformation of Energy?
Energy can change and move from one object
to another.
chemical >
electrical
>
light
Where does the energy of a lit light bulb transfer to
after the flashlight has been on for a while?
Heat energy transfers into the air.
Department of Mathematics and Science
FEnergy Stationstaions
Identify and record the different forms of energy
in your science notebook as you rotate
throughout the various stations.
Reflections:
• Describe what you learned in the energy
stations.
• What was interesting?
• What do you want to learn more about?
Department of Mathematics and Science
What are some transfers and/or transformations
of energy that are taking place in our classroom,
in our school or at home?
Department of Mathematics and Science
Transformation of Energy
A.
B.
A.
B.
C.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Energy Transformation
How is energy changing when a toaster is in use?
A toaster uses electrical, mechanical, and thermal energy.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Quiz
Part A: What is the source that powers
each of these devices?
Part B: Device
1.
___________
Part C: Converts energy to:
1.
2.
___________
2.
3.
__________
3.
4.
4.
___________
Department of Mathematics and Science
Concept Review: Forms of Energy
Discovery Education Techbook
1. What is energy?
Answer: Energy is the ability to work, including moving
objects or making changes.
2. What are the forms of energy?
Answer: They are light, mechanical, sound, heat, electricity,
and chemical.
3. What forms of energy can be observed using our senses?
Answer: We can sense energy when it is in the forms of
motion, light, sound, and heat.
4. What are the invisible forms of energy?
Answer: Invisible forms of energy are electricity,
and chemical. We can see the things those
forms of energy do.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Concept Review: Forms of Energy
Discovery Education Techbook
5. How is energy stored? Give examples.
Answer: Energy can be stored in many different forms.
Humans store energy in our bodies as chemical energy.
When we use it, it becomes another form of energy.
6. What are some ways energy can be transformed from one
form to another?
Answer: Energy can be transformed from one form to another in
many ways. Energy from moving water and air can cause a machine
to turn. These machines can transform the motion energy into
electrical energy.
7. How can wind and water be used to move things?
Answer: Wind and water can move things like boats and balloons
on their own. They can also be used to make electricity.
Then the electricity can be used to make other things,
Department of Mathematics and Science
like fans or cars, move.
Forms of Energy Quiz
SC.5.P.10.1
1. Bob's father is preparing noodles for dinner. He
puts a pot of water on the electric stove to cook the
noodles in. When the water starts to boil, he adds
the noodles to the pot.
What form of energy causes the noodles to cook on
the range?
A. chemical
B. heat
C. light
D. mechanical
Florida Achieves
Department of Mathematics and Science
Forms of Energy Quiz
SC.5.P.10.1
2. Marie and her family are watching a fireworks
display at an outdoor Fourth of July celebration.
The fireworks store chemical energy, and when
they are set off, they give off two forms of energy:
light and which of the following?
A. electrical
B. mechanical
C. solar
D. Sound
Florida Achieves
Department of Mathematics and Science
Forms of Energy Quiz
SC.5.P.10.1
3. Miguel is rolling a ball down a hill. This is an
example of which form of energy?
A. chemical energy
B. electrical energy
C. mechanical energy
D. thermal energy
Florida Achieves
Department of Mathematics and Science
Forms of Energy Quiz
SC.5.P.10.2
4. Jose can throw a baseball from the outfield all the way
back to home plate. Why does he have to move his arm in
order to make the ball fly all that way?
A. He has to get the ball high enough in the air so the
air can support it.
B. The ball's energy can only be released if he lets it
go above the ground.
C. Moving his arm makes the ball's own energy take it
in the right direction.
D. He has to transfer some of his muscle's
energy to the ball to make it move.
Florida Achieves
Department of Mathematics and Science
Forms of Energy Quiz
SC.5.P.10.2
5. Judy is getting ready for school on a cold day in February. She
wants to make sure her hair is completely dry before she leaves
her house. She plugs her hair dryer into the wall outlet and turns
it on. Which of the following describes one of the steps involved
in using energy to dry Jennifer's hair?
A. Thermal energy is changed into mechanical energy, which
makes the motor in the hair dryer move.
B. Electrical energy is changed into heat energy, which makes
the motor in the hair dryer move.
C. Mechanical energy is changed into heat energy, which makes
the motor in the hair dryer move.
D. Electrical energy is changed into mechanical energy,
which makes the motor in the hair dryer move.
Florida Achieves
Department of Mathematics and Science
Forms of Energy Quiz
SC.5.P.10.4
6. Which of the following lists the forms of energy
that electricity can be transformed into?
A.
B.
C.
D.
heat, kinetic, light, and sound energy
chemical, heat, light, and solar energy
heat, kinetic, nuclear, and sound energy
gravitational, kinetic, solar, and sound energy
Florida Achieves
Department of Mathematics and Science
Forms of Energy Quiz
SC.5.P.10.4
7. When a radio is turned on, what energy
transformation occurs?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Heat energy is changed to light energy.
Kinetic energy is changed to sound energy.
Electrical energy is changed to sound energy.
Chemical energy is changed to mechanical energy.
Florida Achieves
Department of Mathematics and Science
Online Energy Resources
 The Energy Story:
http://energyquest.ca.gov/story/index.html
 Mechanical Energy (animation)
http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=2768797e-a7a0-45f5-b7a4812cd3422f7d&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=DETB
&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=
 Energy and the Environment:
http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/energy
 Energy http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/energy/section_1/topics/index.htm
 Kids and Energy http://www.kids.esdb.bg/index.html
 Science for Kids: Sound and Hearing
http://acswebcontent.acs.org/scienceforkids/index.html#Sound
Department of Mathematics and Science
Discovery Education Resources
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fundamental: Energy Makes it Happen
Exploration: Forms of Energy
E-book: Forms of Energy
Video: Sources of Energy
Video: What is light?
Exploration: Changing the Form of Energy
Video: Potential and Kinetic Energy
Video: The Law of Conservation of Energy
Department of Mathematics and Science