Inside Cells: Cells and Their Organelles
During the Program
1. What are the two types of living cell? In which of the biological kingdoms are each found?
2.
Define organelles:
3.
Complete the table for each of these units of measurement:
Unit
Micrometre
Nanometre
Symbol
4.
On the image of a cheek cell in the gallery:
a)
How can you tell it’s a eukaryotic cell?
Fraction of 1mm
b) How can you tell it’s an animal cell?
5.
What is another name for a cell membrane?
6.
State three functions of cell membranes:
7.
Complete the sentences:
On a cell membrane the phosphate heads are water-attracting, or __________________. The ______________ acid
tails are water-repelling or __________________.
8.
State three types of proteins and the function of each found in and on the surface of the cell membrane.
9.
The nucleus of a cell is often called its information centre. Why is this?
10. What is the function of nuclear pores?
11. What are nucleoli made of?
12. Define cytoplasm. Where is it found in a cell?
13. What is the cytosol?
14. Identify two processes that occur in the cytosol.
15. What is the cytoskeleton?
16. Identify two differences between microtubules and microfilaments.
17. What are microtubules and microfilaments made of?
18. What function does the cytoskeleton serve?
19. Why are mitochondria called the powerhouses of the cell?
20. What are cristae?
21. How many mitochondria can be found in cells?
22. Identify two types of cell that have more mitochondria than others.
23. Why do these cells need to have more mitochondria within them?
24. Why are there so many chloroplasts found in leaf cells?
25. What are thylakoids? What are thylakoid membranes?
26. What are stroma thylakoids?
27. Chloroplasts are one type of plastid. What does this mean?
28. Give two other examples of plastid.
29. Why is the rough endoplasmic reticulum called that?
30. The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the outer membrane of which other cell organelle?
31. Why do some cells in the human pancreas have up to 100 times the amount of endoplasmic
reticulum as other parts of the body?
32. Identify two places within a cell where ribosomes build proteins.
33. Identify two functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
34. What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
35. What are secretory vesicles?
36. What do lysosomes do?
37. What is the main role of the vacuole in plant cells?
38. As the vacuole expands in a plant cell, what happens to other organelles?