Unit 6: The Civil War &
Reconstruction
Chapter 16: The Civil War
Section 2: Early Years of the
War
Vocab & Art Smart Terms
• Cavalry
• Casualty
• Ironclad
Why did the South think that they could win the war?
Rank the top 5 advantages the North had over the South
Did the North & South expect a
long war?
What does this
picture represent?
First Battle of Bull Run
• Lincoln grows
impatient for action.
• North & South
finally meet in
Virginia.
• July 21, 1861
General Irvin McDowell
• Led 30,000
inexperienced Union
troops into Virginia.
• Goal: Manassas
Railroad Junction
near Bull Run River
• Why was the railroad
junction important?
General P.G.T. Beauregard
• Confederate General
meets McDowell’s
troops at Bull Run.
The Union was winning
the Battle of Bull Run!
Until they hit a
stonewall…
General Thomas Jackson
• Confederate General
• Saved the day for the
South
• Earned the nickname
“Stonewall”
“There stands Jackson like a stonewall!
Rally behind the Virginians!”
The North lost the Battle of Bull Run.
As we neared the bridge the rebels opened a very
destructive fire upon us, mowing down our men like grass,
and caused even greater confusion than before. Our artillery
and baggage wagons became fouled with each other,
completely blocking the bridge, while the bomb shells
bursting on the bridge made it "rather unhealthy" to be
around. As I crossed on my hands and knees, Capt. Smith
who was crossing by my side at the same time was struck by
a round shot at the same time and completely cut in two.
After I crossed I started up the hill as fast as my legs could
carry and passed through Centreville and continued on to
Fairfax where we arrived about 10 o'clock halting about 15
minutes, then kept on to Washington where we arrived about
2 o'clock Monday noon more dead than alive, having been
on our feet 36 hours without a mouthful to eat, and traveled a
distance of 60 miles without twenty minutes halt.
Effect
McDowell, you are FIRED!
Awww……
George McClellan, you are
HIRED!
15 minute Art Activity
In your notes, Draw a detailed picture of the First
Battle of Bull Run:
Be sure to include:
-Bull Run River
-Manassas Railroad Junction
-Spectators
-General McDowell (Union) vs. General Beauregard
(Confederacy)
-Union Advance stopped by General “Stonewall”
Jackson
-Union “Skedaddles” back to Washington
-Mission to capture Richmond fails
-Lincoln fires McDowell and hires McClellan
War at Sea
Monitor vs. Merrimack
March, 1862
Merrimack – C.S.A
Monitor - Union
POP QUIZ STUDY GUIDE
• Describe the success and failures for each
part of the Union’s Anaconda Plan:
War in the West
Victories for the North
• Ulysses S. Grant
– The Union’s best
General
• Captured Fort
Henry and Fort
Donelson (TN
River)
• Won Battle of
Shiloh (April 1862)
“No terms except
Unconditional Surrender!”
New Orleans Falls
• Union Captured New
Orleans on April, 1862
• With these Union
victories, the North
controlled the
Mississippi River and
split the south!
David Farragut
Union Commander at New Orleans
Union Controls the Miss. River
Now, let’s head
back east . . .
War in the East
McClellan’s Campaign
• Union General of the
Army of the Potomac
– Drill, Drill, Drill!
– Hesitated on the field
• Goal: Capture
Richmond (June, 1862)
– Why Richmond?
“I had a Sergeant Driscoll, a brave man, and one of the best shots
in the Brigade. When charging up Malvern Hill, a company was
posted in a clump of trees, who kept up a fierce fire on us. . .
Their officer seemed to be a daring, reckless boy, and I said to
Driscoll, ‘if that officer is not taken down, many of us will fall . . .’
‘Leave that to me,’ said Driscoll; so he raised his rifle and the
moment the officer exposed himself again bang went Driscoll,
and over went the officer, his company at once breaking away. . .
I stood looking on. Driscoll turned (the officer) over on his back. He
(the officer) opened his eyes for a moment, and faintly murmured
‘Father,’ and closed them forever.
I will forever recollect the frantic grief of Driscoll; it was harrowing to
witness. He (the officer) was his son, who had gone South
before the war.”
-Battlefield Tragedy, 1862
June, 1862
Who was waiting for
McClellan in
Richmond?
Robert E. Lee & J.E.B. Stuart
• Confederate
Commander
• Confederate Cavalry
Commander
• Lee’s “eyes and ears”
June 1862
Lee stopped
McClellan from
taking Richmond.
nd
2
Battle of Run
Great victory! Now
take full command
and invade the
North!
Why did Jefferson Davis want Lee to invade the north?
Battle of Antietam
September 17, 1862
• Lee invades Maryland
• Lee & Stuart combine forces with
“Stonewall” Jackson against McClellan
September 13, 1862
According to the records, the XII Corps, 1st division of General
Alpheus Williams, was bivouacked about a mile southeast of
Frederick, Maryland, on a meadow occupied the day before by
Confederate General D. H. Hill's command. Around 10 a.m. on the
13th of September, 1862, Private Barton W. Mitchell of the 27th
Indiana, along with Sergeant John M. Bloss, discovered an
envelope containing three cigars wrapped in a piece of paper lying
in the grass. The document turned out to be a copy of
Confederate General Robert E. Lee's orders for the Invasion of
Maryland. The dispatch was addressed to Confederate General
Hill. Passed up through the chain of command, the captured order
gave Union General George B. McClellan advance notice of his
enemy's movements. Holding the paper, McClellan exclaimed,
"Here is a paper with which, if I cannot whip Bobby Lee, I will be
willing to go home."
What did McClellan do?
• He learned that Lee’s
army was divided into
four parts.
• He had a great chance to
overwhelm Lee’s army
one piece at a time.
• Overly cautious!
– Waited 4 days to attack.
– Gave Lee a chance to
gather his forces.
• September 17, 1862
• Single bloodiest day of the war
Battle of
Antietam
• 6,000 Union and Confederate soldiers die
• 17,000 wounded
• Lee is outnumbered
– Lee sends in every soldier.
– McClellan hesitates.
– Fight ends in stalemate.
• Lee’s invasion is over.
– Lincoln begs McClellan to follow
and crush Lee.
I ordered you to
follow and destroy
Lee’s army!
………!
McClellan,
you’re FIRED!
Ambrose
Burnside,
you’re HIRED!
Ummm, okay . . .
to be continued . . .