UNIT 3
THE CONSCIOUS
SELF
AREA OF STUDY 1: MIND, BRAIN &
BODY
CHARACTERISTICS &
PATTERNS OF SLEEP
Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep
(NREM sleep)
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
sleep)
(REM
CHARACTERISTICS &
PATTERNS OF SLEEP
Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep
(NREM sleep)
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
sleep)
(REM
CHARACTERISTICS & PATTERNS
OF SLEEP
NREM SLEEP
The characteristics of NREM sleep include:
•
The brain is active, but not as active as REM sleep or normal waking
consciousness
•
May be the time when the body recovers, repairing body tissue,
removing waste products and replenishing neurotransmitters
•
Consists of 4 different stages in which the sleeper progresses from
light sleep to deep sleep over the course of the night
BEING AWAKE
BEING ASLEEP
HYPNAGOGIC STATE
CHARACTERISTICS & PATTERNS
OF SLEEP
NREM SLEEP – STAGE 1
STAGE 1 CHARACTERISTICS
• Drift into and out of a true sleep state
• Decrease in heart rate, respiration, body temperature
and muscle tension
• Hypnic jerks occur
• EEG shows a decrease in alpha waves, replaced by
theta waves
CHARACTERISTICS & PATTERNS
OF SLEEP
NREM SLEEP – STAGE 2
STAGE 2 CHARACTERISTICS
• A light stage of sleep in which someone can be said to be truly
asleep
• Body movements lessen, breathing becomes more regular, blood
pressure and body temperature continue to decrease
• EEG shows mainly theta waves (but slightly lower in frequency and
higher in amplitude than Stage 1)
• Sleep spindles periodically appear (brief burst of higher frequency
brain waves)
• K-complexes appear in response to external stimuli (bursts of low
CHARACTERISTICS & PATTERNS
OF SLEEP
NREM SLEEP – STAGE 3
STAGE 3 CHARACTERISTICS
• The start of the deepest period of sleep (moderately
deep sleep)
• Heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature
continue to decrease and breathing rate is slow and
steady
• EEG shows that delta waves begin to appear (20-50%
of brain waves)
• These delta waves indicate the onset of slow-wave
CHARACTERISTICS & PATTERNS
OF SLEEP
NREM SLEEP – STAGE 4
STAGE 4 CHARACTERISTICS
• The deepest stage of sleep (called very deep sleep)
• Our muscles are completely relaxed and barely move
• Delta waves dominate the EEG recording
• When woken during Stage 4 sleep, person experiences
sleep inertia
• Sleep-walking, sleep talking and night terrors may occur
CHARACTERISTICS & PATTERNS
OF SLEEP
REM SLEEP
REM SLEEP CHARACTERISTICS
• The eyeballs rapidly move beneath the closed eyelids
• EEG shows low amplitude, high frequency beta waves
• Heart rate and blood pressure increases
• Breathing is quicker and more irregular
• Although occasional twitching occurs, the muscles in the face and
body are limp
• Paradoxical sleep (internally the brain and body are active, while,
externally, the body appears inactive)
CHARACTERISTICS & PATTERNS
OF SLEEP
REM SLEEP
REM SLEEP CHARACTERISTICS
•80% of time that someone is awoken during REM sleep that
person will report that they were dreaming
READ BOX 3.4 – WHY WE DREAM (pg.142-143)
HOMEWORK
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3.2 (pg.143)
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3.3 (pg.144)
CHANGES IN SLEEP
PATTERNS OVER THE
LIFESPAN
CHANGES IN SLEEP
PATTERNS OVER THE
LIFESPAN
CHANGES IN SLEEP PATTERNS OVER THE
LIFESPAN
SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE SHIFT DURING ADOLESCENCE
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
Hormones are produced in a 24-hour period to control body functions
MELATONIN is the neurotransmitter released that causes us to feel
sleepy. This cycle is linked to external cues such as
sunlight, alarm clocks, meal times & television
CHANGES IN SLEEP PATTERNS OVER THE
LIFESPAN
SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE SHIFT DURING ADOLESCENCE
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
Hormones are produced in a 24-hour period to control body functions
SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE SHIFT
A hormonally induced shift of the body clock forward by about 1 to 2 hours
This means an adolescent is sleepier 1 to 2 hours late than other people
RESULTS IN SLEEP DEBT
Sleep that is owed and needs to be made up
(Now you know why you sleep in on the weekend!!)
HOMEWORK
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3.5 (pg.152)
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3.6 (pg.152)