Name: ___________________________________ Class #: _____________ Class Period: ______________
Health Science Mid-Term Review
Nervous System
1. What is a nerve fiber that carries impulses toward the cell body called? Dendrite
2. What is the part of the brain that is responsible for thought, reasoning, memory, judgment, speech, and voluntary
body movement called? Cerebrum
3. What are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord called? Meninges
4. What do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work together to maintain? Homestasis
5. What carries messages to the cell body of a neuron? Dendrites
6. What does the parasympathetic nervous system do? slows heart rate, decreases respiration, and increases activity
in the digestive tract
Cardiovascular System
7. What is the muscle layer of the heart called? Myocardium
8. What is the chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood as it returns from the lungs called? Left Atrium
9. What is the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the right
atrium called? Tricuspid Valve
10. What are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called? Arteries
11. What are the blood vessels that contain valves to prevent blood from flowing in a backward direction called?
Veins
12. What is the double-layered membrane that covers the outside of the heart called? Pericardium
13. What are the smallest branches of arteries called? Arterioles
14. What is hypotension? Low blood pressure
Respiratory System
15. What do sinuses do? Warm and moisten air, provide resonance for the voice, and are lined with a mucous
membrane
16. What do the esophagus and trachea branch off of? Laryngopharynx
17. What is the correct name for the voice box? Larynx
18. What are the structures that allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood
called? Alveoli
19. What is the membrane or sac that encloses each lung called? Pleura
20. What are the tiny hairlike structures that filter inhaled air to trap dust and pathogens called? Cilia
21. What divides the nose into two hollow spaces? The nasal septum
22. Are nasal cavities lined with mucous membranes and have a rich blood supply? Yes
23. What does the basic structure of a lung look like? Left lung has 2 lobes and right lung has 3 lobes
24. What area of your brain controls the process of respiration? Medulla oblongata
25. What is surfactant? A liquid substance that covers the inner surfaces of alveoli and helps prevent them from
collapsing
Digestive & Urinary System
26. What are the folds in the mucous membrane lining of the stomach called? Rugae
27. What are the circular muscle between the stomach and small intestine that keeps food in the stomach called?
Pyloric Sphincter
28. What is the enzyme in the stomach that begins the chemical breakdown of fats called? Lipase
29. What is the first section of the large intestine called? Cecum
30. What are the fingerlike projections that line the walls of the small intestine called? Villi
31. Where does most of the digestion take place? Small intestine
32. What is the storage area for indigestibles? Rectum
33. Where are most of the nephrons of the kidney located? Renal Cortex
34. What are the two muscular tubes that extend from the kidneys to the bladder called? Ureters
Name: ___________________________________ Class #: _____________ Class Period: ______________
Skeletal System
35. What is the material in bones that produces red blood cells, platelets, and some white blood cells called? Red
Marrow
36. What is the membrane that lines the medullary canal called? Endosteum
37. What are the first seven pairs of ribs called? True Ribs
38. What is an inflammation of small, fluid-filled sacs surrounding the joints called? Bursitis
39. What is a bone break that pierces or ruptures through the skin called? Compound Fracture
40. What is a freely movable joint such as the shoulder or hip called? Diarthosis (synovial)
41. What is a fracture called when bone fragments or splinters into more than two pieces? Comminuted
42. Define epiphysis. The ends of the long bones
43. What is used to diagnose blood diseases and is sometimes transplanted? Red marrow
44. What is the appendicular skeleton? Arm bones, leg bones, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle
45. What is the maxilla? The upper jawbone
Muscular System
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Which type of muscle is voluntary? Skeletal
What type of movement occurs if the lower leg is straightened away from the upper leg? Extension
What is muscular dystrophy? A group of inherited diseases that lead to chronic, progressive muscle atrophy
In what muscles are injection sites located? Deltoid, quadriceps femoris, and gluteus maximus
What happens when muscles contract? They become shorter and thicker
Define origin. The muscle-to-bone attachment that does not move
Why does muscle atrophy occur? Severe illness, injury, or disease
What is myasthenia gravis? A chronic condition where nerve impulses are not properly transmitted to the
muscles, thought to be an autoimmune disease, and leads to progressive weakness and eventually paralysis
Integumentary System
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Define sebaceous. Oil glands of the skin
Define dermis. Corium, or true skin
Define sudoriferous. Sweat gland
Define jaundice. Yellowish skin color that indicates liver or gallbladder disease
Define erythema. Reddish skin color caused by burns or congestion of blood cells
What are nails made of? Dead, keratinized epidermal epithelial cells packed closely together
What does the skin help in the production of by using ultraviolet rays from the sun? Vitamin D
What is ringworm? A highly contagious fungal infection – not an actual worm!
Does sweat contain odor? No
Patient’s Rights and Choices
63. Define malpractice. If a physician fails to use a degree of skill and learning commonly expected and the person
receiving care is injured
64. Define ethics. A set of principles relating to what is morally right or wrong
65. What is not included in a patient’s rights? A patient is entitled to free care regardless of circumstances.
66. Define a living will. A legal document that allows an individual to state what measures should or should not be
taken to prolong life when a condition is terminal
67. Give examples of signs of abuse. Poor personal hygiene, aggressive or withdrawn behavior, unexplained bruises,
fractures, burns, or injuries
68. What are requirements of the Patient Self-Determination Act? Affirm that there will be no discrimination or effect
on care due to advance directives, document any advance directives on the patient’s record, and educate the staff
on the medical and legal issues of advance directives.
69. What do the privacy standards of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) require?
Patients must be able to obtain copies of their medical records, patients must be given information on how to file a
complaint against a health care provider who violates the privacy act, and health care providers must tell a patient
how they will use the patient’s medical information.
70. Define negligence. Failure to give care that is normally expected of a person in a particular position, resulting in
injury to another person
Name: ___________________________________ Class #: _____________ Class Period: ______________
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Define abuse. Any care that results in physical harm, pain, or mental anguish
Define torts. Wrongful acts that do not involve contracts
What is considered privileged communication? All information given to health care personnel by a patient
Are health care workers responsible for knowing and following state laws that set standards for their profession?
Yes
75. What is required before health care facilities are allowed to release patient information to another facility? A
written consent by the patient
76. Does the patient have the right to withdraw consent at any time? Yes
77. What can result when you fail to meet your legal responsibilities? Legal action against you and your employer
Conflict Resolution and Mediation
78. How do you manage conflict? Use good listening skills
79. What is an example of a ground rule for dealing with anger? Never block someone from leaving an argument
80. What are the advantages of co-mediation? different mediators might use different skills and techniques, disputants
might relate to one or the other of the mediators, and mediators can split responsibilities.
Cell Phone Etiquette
81. What are the 7 rules for cell phone etiquette? Love the one you’re with, lights out phones off, avoid annoying ring
tones, modulate your voice, 10 foot proximity rule, keep it short, and hang up and drive
Non-Verbal and Verbal Communication
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What has the highest impact when understanding the message? Body language
What is the reason many relationships end? Lack of communication
Are men or women more likely to avoid conflict and downplay the emotions they are feeling? Men
What is required when a contract is explained to a non-English speaking individual? An interpreter
What percent of communication is done via verbal communication? 45%
What does verbal communication include? Spoken work and tone of voice
Teamwork & Consensus
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How could you help to eliminate gender bias? Refer to the health care professional by name or title
What is the definition of consensus? A collective opinion or general agreement
What is not a ground rule for consensus? Only the leader’s reactions are heard and considered
In consensus, is it acceptable to just drop the subject and move on? Yes
In consensus, should team members be more focused on team productivity or individual credit? Team
productivity
Parliamentary Procedure
93. What is the first step to an agenda? Call to order
94. What are the rules for discussing motions? Clearly state at the beginning of your debate whether you are for or
against the motion, ask permission to speak to your motion, one person speaks at a time, and follow the time limit
for discussing the motion.
95. What is the “Rule of Eight”? Obtain the floor, assign the floor, make the motion, second the motion, state the
motion, discuss/debate the motion, put the question, and announce the vote/state the action
96. Define bylaws. The specific rules that govern an organization, written by the members
97. Define out-of-order. To speak out of turn
98. Define plurality. The largest number of votes cast when there are more than two choices
99. One basic principle of parliamentary procedure is for the right of the minority or majority to rule? The majority
100. Define quorum. The minimum number of members needed to transact business legally