The Articles of Confederation Section 1 State Constitutions Each
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The Articles of Confederation Section 1 State Constitutions Each State drafted their own ____________________________________ by 1777. These constitutions ______________________ the power of the government. First state to replace governor with ______ council members ______________________________________ How they limited Power Divided Power Between ____________________________ and a legislature Many set up a ___________________________– two house system to divide power further. This keeps power in the people’s hands. All these legislators were _____________________________ elected. Forming a Republic They wanted a ________________ central government They wanted to be small independent countries Only working together to _____________ war or handle relationships with other countries. New Government ___________________________________________________________ –adopted in Nov. 1777. States – sovereignty, freedom and independence ___________________________________ – conduct foreign affairs, maintain armed forces, borrow money and issue currency (money) Congress could not – regulate trade, press citizens to join army, or impose taxes Cont… No chief executive, business was handled through congressional committees. How legislature worked Each state had 1 vote All states had to approve articles and all amendments On ______________________________ the colonies became known as the United States of America after the articles were approved. Cont… Won their independence from Great Britain Expanded the ________________________ trade Helped set up the settlements and government of the _____________________________ territories. New Land Policies How territories applied for _______________________________ Population had to reach the ________________________________ states’ population at the time Then they had to _________________________________ for statehood This happened after western territories control was handed over to the central government The Ordinance’s The Ordinance of _________________ This established a process to survey and sell land ________________ of the ________________ River. Divided into townships 6 miles by 6 miles then divided into 36 sections. ______________________________ Ordinance Passed in __________ Area included land east of the Mississippi River, north of the Ohio River and West of the Appalachian Mountains Contained a bill of rights No ________________________________ _____________________________ people to apply for statehood Trouble occurs Printed money – depreciated (dropped in value) Food prices ___________ and many were upset. The _____________ from the Revolutionary War became a huge problem. Robert Morris’s Import Tax ____________ – Robert Morris was put in charge to run the country’s finances Established a ________ sales tax on imported goods He wanted Congress to be in charge To ________________ taxes Rhode Island would not approve so the financial crisis continued. Problems Great Britain Kept _______________ in the Great Lakes region Trade problems prevented with the West ____________________ They were mad that Loyalists did not get paid for lost property during the war. Spain Controlled _________________________ and lands west of the Mississippi River They __________________________ the River to the American settlers. An agreement was possible but Southern states _______________________________ it from being passed. Section Review Questions 1. Why did most states limit the power of their governors and divide the legislature into two bodies? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. According to the Northwest Ordinance, when might the people of a territory petition for statehood? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why did the Continental Congress have difficulty raising money? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How do you think the Northwest Ordinance would affect Native Americans? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. How effective was government under the Articles of Confederation? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Identify the Strengths and Weaknesses in the graphic organizer below. Articles of Confederation Strengths: Weaknesses: Convention and Compromise Section 2 Changes need to be made Articles Wanted a _________________________ government Pull the states out of the _____________________________________ Money the government collected went to _____________________________________ __________________________________ Shay’s Rebellion ________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ State’s seized lands and threw farmers in jail. _________________ – courts forced to close to prevent losing land 1,000 men went to raid a federal arsenal 4 men were killed during the stand. Slavery 1776 to 1786 – _____________________________ outlawed or taxed the import of slaves South Carolina and Georgia did not Quakers established an _______________________________________ movement By _________________ –Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, and New Jersey ended slavery. Freed African Americans faced Discrimination Being ___________________________________ from public places _____________________________________________________ Children had to attend separate schools Attended their own churches and established their own ________________________________ ____________________________ The Constitutional Convention James _______________________ and Alexander ___________________________________ led the charge to change the Articles of Confederation. When Washington decided to attend the meeting it became more important. They met in __________________________________________________ Cont… _______ delegates attended White males from the age of 80 to under 30 years old. Women, Native Americans, African Americans _____________________ in attendance or permitted to attend. Important Members/Info James ___________________________ – __________________________ (note taker) George _______________________________ – Presided over the meetings (________________________) Each state only received 1 vote _____________________________________ states had to be in attendance at the meeting Meetings were ______________________________ door Possible Plans for Government _______________________________________ Strong National Government _____ house legislature ________________ house – _________________________ by the people ________________ house – _____________________ by members of the lower house Members would be proportional to the population of each state Chief executive chosen by the legislature Court system ______________________________________ _________ house legislature _________ vote for each state Congress could set taxes and regulate trade Congress could elect a weak executive branch of more than one person The Compromise The __________________________________________ ___________________________________________suggestion _______house legislature ___________________ House – _______________________________________ _________________ – ______________________________________________ _________________ House –_______________________________________ – _________________________________________________________________ The Three-Fifths Compromise How to count enslaved people. Argument North – Slaves were property South – wanted them counted into population for more representatives To be counted only for taxes ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Slave Trade _______________________ states _______________________________ slave trade _______________________ states thought slaves were ________________________________ to their economies They agreed Congress would not interfere in the slave trade. Bill of Rights Believed the new government would ___________________ its power They believed it wasn’t needed because the powers were ______________________________ in the Constitution. Constitution Approved ______________________________________it was signed All delegates signed in Philadelphia _____ delegates ___________________________ to sign Elbridge Gerry Edmund Randolph George Mason Only ________________________________________ states needed to approve the Constitution. Section Review Questions 1. What did the farmers in Shay’s Rebellion want? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did New Jersey’s delegates object to the Virginia Plan? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What key issues had to be resolved to create a Constitution that most states would accept? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why do you think representation was such a thorny issue? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why is the Constitution a document of compromises? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6 Describe in the chart below the differences between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan. Virginia Plan Legislature Representation Executive Branch New Jersey Plan A New Plan of Government Section 3 Roots of the Constitution Framework for a ___________________________central government. Other governments were studied in the process of building our government. ___________________________________ British Documents that influenced English Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights _____________________________________________ Enlightenment Philosophers _________________________________ English philosopher Belief – all people had ___________________________________ rights To include life, liberty and property He believed that government was an ________________________________________ between the people and the ruler. __________________________________________________ French philosopher Belief – powers of government should be ______________________________________ and ______________________________________________ He believed that it would prevent any single person or group from gaining too much power. Ideas to the Constitution Federal System Powers divided between – National and States ________________________________________(Federal) – regulate trade, control currency, raise an army, and declare war ________________________ – regulate trade within their borders, establish – local government, schools, and set laws for marriage and divorce. __________________ could set taxes and administer criminal justice. Supreme Law of the Land The Constitution and laws _________ state could make or take actions against the federal government. Any argument between the two would be settled in the ________________________________________________________________. New Government Legislative Branch – ____________________________ What makes up this branch? House of Representatives Senate Powers of Congress Collecting _____________________________ Coining money Regulating _____________________________ Can _______________________________ war Raise and support armies _________________ all the laws in Government Executive Branch – _________________________________ What makes up this branch? President Vice President Job To _______________________________ the laws and policies Commander and chief of the armed forces Foreign policy ______________________________ Elected by the Electoral College _______________________________________________ Each state has their ______________ number of Electoral College voters Number = ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ The member elected to the office of President and Vice President will serve a _____ year term. Judicial Branch – _____________________________________ What makes up this branch? The _______________________________________________ Job _________________cases involving the Constitution _______________ passed by Congress And __________________________________________ between states System of Checks and Balances Means no _____________branch can have _______________ power than the other. Congress passes a bill – President can sign it or veto it – Congress can override a veto by 2/3 of both houses President appoints Supreme Court Justices – Senate Approves the appointments – The Court checks the constitutionality of laws and the presidential acts. Picking Sides __________________________________ ___________________________________ of the Constitution Supporters George Washington Benjamin Franklin James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay _______________________________________ ______________________________ the Constitution Argument – that a strong national government would take away __________________________ they fought for in the war. Supporters Patrick Henry Finally becoming a united country Protecting Rights They wanted a __________________________________ The only way Anti-federalists would _______________________________ the Constitution if they provided a Bill of Rights to protect individual freedoms. Adopting the Constitution First state to approve __________________________________ in 1787 ________________________________________________________ states were ____________ to making sure the documents survival ______________________________________________________________________________ Section Review Questions 1. What features of the Constitution developed form the ideas of Baron de Montesquieu? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why does the Constitution divide power among branches of government? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why did Virginia eventually ratify the Constitution? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. If a state law conflicts with a federal law, which law will prevail? How do you know? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5.What ideas and features are found in the United States Constitution? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Summarize in the chart below the Antifederalist arguments against the Constitution. Antifederalist Arguments
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