Life in the Colonies
TSSBAT:
Trace the development of representative
government
Describe the impact of triangular trade on the
colonies.
Analyze the impact of the great awakening
Evaluate the economies of the early economies.
Patroon
• Landowner with
manorial rights in
the Dutch colony
of New
Netherland.
Peter Stuyvesant
• The last Director
of the colony of
New Netherland
before it
became New
York.
Duke of York
• Second son of
the English
Monarch
• Shown in the
picture is
Prince Andrew.
Protestant Reformation
1500-1620
Roman
Catholics
Protestants
Catholics
who want to
change the
Roman
Catholic
Church from
within.
Puritans
Other Europeans
who came to America
for Religious Freedom
Church
Of
England
Puritans who
want to
change the
Church of
England
from within.
Separatists
who came to America
for Religious Freedom
Puritans
• Didn’t think English
Reformation went
far enough, they
still seemed
Catholic.
• They migrated for
religious freedom.
Printing press  Bible translations  separation in Christianity
Puritan Beliefs
• (1) that personal salvation was entirely from
God,
• (2) that the Bible provided the indispensable
guide to life,
• (3) that the church should reflect the express
teaching of Scripture, and
• (4) that society was one unified whole.
Spanish Armada
• For years, England and Spain disagreed over
trading and religion.
• In 1585, Spain waged and unsuccessful war
against England.
• After the war, England would begin its efforts
to colonize in the Americas.
Lost Colony of Roanoke
• In 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh was granted the right to colonize North
America by the Queen.
•
What happened to the colony?
• Nobody knows. Maybe they went to live with
Indians up north, maybe they were attacked
by other Indians or Spain.
Notes
Early British Settlements
Jamestown
15 years after Raleigh's failure at
Roanoke, companies began seeking
the right to colonize and profit from
North America.
The Virginia Company was granted the
right to inhabit Virginia (a charter)
Joint Stock Company
The Virginia Company was owned by a
group of investors who never went to
North America. The investors hoped to
profit from the colonists efforts.
#7
Notes
Early British Settlements
Jamestown
Captain John Smith—made early contact
with Natives and forced the colonists to
grow food rather than search for
treasure. After leaving in 1609 the
Jamestown Colony failed, with
numerous people dying of disease and
starvation (the starving time), until the
roughly 1614
Tobacco
In 1614, tobacco became a major cash
crop that saved the economy of
Jamestown—the colony began to grow
rapidly thereafter. By 1620, there were
more than 1,000 residents.
#7
Notes
Early British Settlements
Jamestown
Tobacco
In 1614, tobacco became a major cash crop that saved the
economy of Jamestown
Early Relationship with Natives
There was early success between the colonists and Chief Powatan.
Even though there was fighting between the settlers and the
Powatans, they helped the settlers through the ‘starving time’
through offerings lead by Pocahantas. War would continue, only 60
of the 400 settlers made it through the starving time and wars
between 1609-1610.
House of Burgesses
The first democracy in the Americas.
#7
Notes
Early British Settlements
Plymouth Colony
Separatists got their name for wanting to
separate from the Church of England. They
were part of a group called Puritans, people
who wanted to change the Church of
England (Anglican Church).
Separatist Come to America—they wanted
to start their own church in the Americas.
(religious freedom)
Mayflower Passengers
Not everyone was a Separatist on the
voyage. Some, called ‘strangers’, were
indentured servants, craftspeople, and poor
farmers. (economic opportunity)
Mayfower Destination was the Virginia
region. Yet, they were off course, landing far
north at Cape Cod (in MA).
#7
Mayflower compact
Notes
Early British Settlements
Plymouth Colony
Mayflower Compact
Before arriving on the shore, an agreement
was made to follow the orders of elected
leaders. Government should operate by
consensus and remain loyal to the crown.
Economic Arrangement
The Mayflower passengers were supported
by investors. They had to share their profits
with investors.
Hardships
Life was difficult. Soil was not best for
farming. They would be largely dependent
on imports from England for subsistence and
focus their work on export products. Natives
helped them grow crops that were suitable to
the region (i.e., corn).
#7
Notes
Early British Settlements
Plymouth Colony
Relationship with Native Americans
As the Mass Bay colony grew, Puritans had
little tolerance for the non-converted Natives.
In 1636, war broke out with the Pequot
people (Pequot War), and the British
responded by burning down the natives
village. In the 1670s King Charles ordered
the destruction of multiple native peoples in
the Colony (King Phillip’s War).
#7
Mayflower Compact
Compact Pledges
1. Loyal to God
2. Subjects of the King.
3. Create a government for order and to preserve society.
4. Obedience to laws and officers.
Do you feel it would be fair for you to make such a pledge in America?
What about the pledge or compact is unfair?
Plimouth Plantation
• Living museum of the
Plymouth Plantation
settled by the Pilgrims.
• Migrated for religious
freedom.
Squanto
• Assisted the
pilgrims with
their first winter
in the colonies.
Samoset
• First Native to
make contact with
the Pilgrims
Notes
New England Colonies
Great Migration Begins
The Massachusetts Bay
Colony would be a different
society—based on the Bible.
John Winthrop, the colonies’
first governor, wanted to make
the colony a “city upon a hill”
for God to see.
During the 1630’s more than
15,000 Puritans journeyed to
Massachusetts.
In the colony, all government
officials were ministers or
church leaders.
#8
Notes
New England Colonies
Great Migration Begins
In the colony, all government officials
were ministers or church leaders. This
resulted in a very intolerant society.
Examples of an intolerant society:
1. Social Customs—women who
committed adultery were braded
with the letter A
2. Religious Practices—everyone was
required to attend church and obey
the church clergy
3. Government and the Courts were
run by clergy/elders. Banishment,
flogging,
#8
Notes
New England Colonies
#8
Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut
The first written constitution in
America.
Tom Hooker
Led a group of Massachusetts Bay
Colonists to Connecticut—a new
colony was formed.
He left because the church
government was not democratic.
Ministers and the church
hierarchy ran the courts and
government—he wanted the
church members to make
decisions and be office holders.
How
democratic
was the
Fundamental
Orders?
Notes
New England Colonies
Native American Wars
King Philip’s War
After the trial and execution of
three Wampanoags for murder of a
Native Christian convert, war broke
out in the New England Colonies.
The Natives were lead by
Metacomet (or King Philip).
In the 1670s King Charles ordered
the destruction of multiple native
peoples in the Colony.
800 out of 52,000 English colonists (1 out of every 65) and
3,000 out of 20,000 natives (3 out of every 20) lost their lives
due to the war, which makes it proportionately one of the
bloodiest and costliest in the history of America
#8
Notes
New England Colonies
#8
Forming of Rhode Island
Roger Williams was a
minister in the
Massachusetts Bay
Colony.
He led a group of his
congregation to a new
land—forming the
colony of Rhode Island.
He left for religious
freedom—unhappy with
the strict Puritan ways
and the treatment of the
native people.
How
democratic was
the colony of
Rhode Island
compared to
Massachusetts
and
Connecticut?
Notes
New England Colonies
#8
Forming of Rhode Island
Ann Hutchinson was a
colonist in
Massachusetts who
challenged the Puritan
religious authority.
She was banished from the
colony for believing that
each individual can have
a relationship with
God—even without the
bible and their ministers.
How do you
feel about
Williams and
Hutchinson’s
views?
Would you
have acted
similarly?
Notes
New England Colonies
#8
Notes
New England Colonies
Economy of New England
Subsistence Farming is when a farmer
only grows enough food, or earns enough
from his crop, to meet the basic needs of
his family.
Most New England farmers (1620-1700) were
subsistence farmers because the growing
seasons were too short and the soil was
rocky.
#8
Notes
New England Colonies
Economy of New England
(after 1700) The growth of small and large
businesses would grow as cities would grow.
Small Business
1. Lumber Mills
2. Women
Cottage industries (candle making, soap, clothing)
3. Craftspeople
Skilled trade workers (blacksmiths, shoe makers,
furniture makers, gunsmiths, printers).
Large Business
1. Fishing
2. Shipbuilding
3. Shipping/Trade
#8
Just to be sure…
• Export
Something that
country sends out
Import
Something the
country takes in
from another
country
Triangular Trade
Europe, Africa, Caribbean
Notes
Europe, Caribbean, New England
New England
Colonies
New England,
Africa, Caribbean
#8
Notes
New England Colonies
Trade
New England was the
wealthiest colonial
region because it
controlled European
trade from the
American colonies.
Triangular Trade
In order to maximize
profit (always carrying
a full load of cargo),
triangular routes were
developed by the
shipping industry.
The worst part
(inhuman) of the trade
was the middle
passage.
#8
Slavery in the Colonies
• Over 11 million
Africans were sold in
slavery in the
Americas.
• Most were sent to
plantations in Brazil
and the West Indies.
• Ends with the 13th
amendment in 1865
Notes
Southern Colonies
#10
Slave Labor
What does your graph show?
Notes
Southern Colonies
#10
Economy of the South
Plantations are large farms that
grow a cash crop for profit.
Plantations dominate the
economy of all southern
colonies
What does your graph show?
While the Sothern economy
was controlled by plantations
most white farmers were
subsistence or tenant farmers.
Notes
New England Colonies
Native American Wars
After the Great Migration of Puritans in the
1630s, armed conflict began with the
Native Americans.
Pequot War
In 1636, war broke out with the
Pequot people (Pequot War) in new
colony of Connecticut. The cause of
the war was primarily due to fur
trading. The Puritans did not want to
trade with Pequot, causing the Pequot
to attack a Mohegan and Mattabesic
trading posts. The Puritans responded
by burning down the natives village.
#8
Conclusion
New England Colonies
#8
Religious Freedom
Government
Mayflower Compact
Plymouth Colonists
Fundamental Orders of CT
Thomas Hooker
Salem Witch Trials
Separation Church/
State
Great Migration
John Winthrop/ MA Bay Colony
Anne Hutchinson
Challenged religious beliefs
Roger Williams
Preached Toleration
Began Rhode Island
Lack of Toleration
until 1693
Economy
Subsistence Farming
Lumber Mills
Craftsman
Shipping/Triangular Trade
Middle Passage
Fishing
Notes
Middle Colonies
England Takes Over Third
Region
In 1664 England sends a
naval fleet to attack the
Dutch Colony of New
Amsterdam. The Dutch
were unprepared to
protect themselves, the
English took over without
a fight.
The King granted New
Amsterdam to his brother—
the Duke of York.
The Duke of York renamed
the colony New York.
#9
Notes
Middle Colonies
Religious Freedom
Due to the colony having a
diverse population, the
Duke of York promises
religious freedom..
Government
The Duke of York appointed
a Governor and Council of
Advisors.
The colonists demanded a
representative government.
The Duke resisted, keeping
control for almost 40
years.
#9
Notes
Middle Colonies
New Jersey
The Duke of York
granted the Southern
lands of New York to
a pair of proprietors—
Lord Berkery and Sir
Carteret.
Yet, in 1701 the colony
was given back to the
king—making it a
Royal Colony like
New York.
#9
Notes
Middle Colonies
#10
Pennsylvania
In order to repay a debt, the King repaid
William Penn by giving him the lands
that is now Pennsylvania.
William Penn was a Quaker. Quakers
believed:
1. That all humans are equal in the
eyes of God.
2. In pacifism. This means they
believed in non-violence and
therefore would not fight in wars.
Notes
Middle Colonies
Pennsylvania
Holy Experiment
Pennsylvania was an opportunity to
put Quaker ideals into law.
In 1682, the city of Philadelphia was
built, which would later be known as
“the city of brotherly love.”
because of Penn’s Quaker ideals.
Penn would sign peace agreements with
Indians and would demand
religious freedom for all faiths—
not just the Quakers.
#9
Notes
Middle Colonies
Pennsylvania
Charter of Liberties
In 1701, Penn
granted the
colonist the right
of a democratic
representative
government.
#9
Conclusion
Middle Colonies
Notes
Middle Colonies
Economy of the Middle Colonies
Due to the diverse population from
many parts of Europe, the Middle
Colonies did very well because the
immigrants brought with them their
knowledge of farming from their
homelands.
Unlike the South and North, a large
middle class developed from
farming and they often traded
within their colony rather than
export to Europe.
#9
Notes
Colonial Life
Colonial Governments
Charter
Right to settle for a specific purpose.
Colonists elected their own legislators
and governors. King/Parliament must
approve Governor.
Proprietary
Right to settle given to one person or
a group of individual people.
Proprietors could run colony how they
wish.
Royal
Right of settlement controlled by
King/Parliament. King appointed
Governor and colonists elected
legislature.
#11
Notes
Middle Colonies
#9
Notes
Southern Colonies
Colonizing Maryland
Maryland was the dream of George
Calvert (Lord Baltimore)—a Catholic.
He wanted the land to be a haven
for persecuted Catholics in Europe.
Land was given to Calvert by the
King in order to repay a debt to
Calvert. He in turn divided the land
amongst his two sons.
The Calvert further divided the land
into large estates to relatives and also
people of wealth or royal descent. This
created an aristocratic class in Maryland (a
class of wealth and power). Other people came
because of the 100 acre policies for each
man, each wife, each child each slave.
#10
Notes
Southern Colonies
#10
Plantations in Maryland
Maryland estates are
frequently turned into
plantations (Large farms that
grew a cash crop for profit).
In Colonial America, labor on
plantations used unskilled
paid labor, indentured
servants, and slaves.
Notes
Southern Colonies
Act of Toleration
With growing conflicts between
the Catholic and Protestants, Lord
Baltimore passes a law allowing
Catholics and Protestants to
follow their religion freely.
Yet, more Protestants moved to
Maryland than Catholics and the
conflicts continued. The Act of
Toleration was not followed even
though it was law.
50 years after the Act, the
Anglican Church becomes the
official church of Maryland—not
Catholicism.
#10
Christian Religions of Europe
Protestant Reformation
Roman
Catholics
1500-1600s
such as
Maryland
Protestants
Such as
Quakers
Catholics
who want to
change the
Roman
Catholic
Church from
within.
Puritans
Europeans
who came to America
for Religious Freedom
such as
Mass Bay
Church
Of
England
Puritans who
want to
change the
Church of
England from
within.
Separatists
who came to America
for Religious Freedom
Notes
Southern Colonies
Virginia Expands
As other colonies were being
formed (such as Maryland),
Virginia continued to grow after
the settlement of Jamestown.
The leading cash crop was
Tobacco.
In the 1640s, the governor of
Virginia made an agreement with
Native Americans that colonists
would not settle west of the
coastal areas of Virginia.
#10
Notes
Southern Colonies
Virginia Expands
In the 1640s, the governor of Virginia
made an agreement with Native
Americans that colonists would not
settle west of the coastal areas of
Virginia.
Bacon’s rebellion began because a
group of colonists wanted to settle the
western areas of Virginia. The uprising
was lead by Nathaniel Bacon, a western
Virginian planter. Bacon lead attacks on
Native Villages and set fire to the capital
of Jamestown.
Bacon’s rebellion showed that colonists
were not willing to be restricted in their
settlement west.
#10
Notes
Southern Colonies
#10
Colonizing Georgia
Georgia, the last of the British Colonies was
founded in 1733. The charter was granted to
James Oglethorpe.
Georgia was founded to:
1. A Penal Colony for debtors.
2. A geographic barrier protecting the
English Colonies from Spanish Florida.
Oglethorpe would attack Florida in an
attempt to acquire more land for
England (increasing the military
buffer) and to demonstrate England’s
resolve to protect it’s colonies.
Notes
Southern Colonies
Colonizing Georgia
Colonists were upset
with Oglethorpe’s strict
restrictions. They
wanted more land, the
sale of liquor, and
slavery.
By 1751, Oglethorpe,
fed up with colonists
demands, gave up and
returned the colony to
the King.
#10
Conclusion
Southern Colonies
#10
Haven for Catholics
Act of Toleration
Bacon’s Rebellion
Penal Colony
for Debtors
Aristocrats
100 Acre
Policies
Western
Settlement
Plantation
Farming
Political History of England
Notes
Colonial
Life
Magna
Carta—1215
#11
Began the system of checking the power of the Monarchy (the King of
England)—a legislative branch (The fighting in North America in 1754 lead to a
new war in
Europe known as the
•Parliament) would share power with the King
Parliamentary Government
•The House of Lords (non-elected)
•The House of Commons (elected)
Glorious Revolution (1688)
When King Charles is replace by brother James, James tries to take
power away from the British Parliament (legislative branch).
Parliament forced James out of office and replaced him with his
daughter, Mary.
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Gave due process rights to English subjects– rights in British Courts and
to right to Petition the King.
Notes
Colonial Life
Political History
of England
Magna Carta—1215
• Began the system of checking
the power of the Monarchy (the
King of England)—a legislative
branch (Parliament) would share
power with the King
Parliamentary Government
•The House of Lords (non-elected)
•The House of Commons (elected)
#11
Notes
Colonial Life
#11
English Colonial Rule
Glorious Revolution (1688)
When King Charles is replaced by
brother James, James tries to take
power away from the British Parliament
(legislative branch). Parliament forced
James out of office and replaced him
with his daughter, Mary.
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Gave due process rights to English
subjects– rights in British Courts and
to right to Petition the King. The law
ended the Absolute Power of the King.
Notes
Colonial Life
English Colonial Rule
Navigation Acts (1651-1673)
Limited Colonial trade with
other countries. Colonial
Shipping to Europe was
directed by England and certain
products were not allowed to be
sold to any country other than
England.
Mercantilism
England viewed the Colonies as
an economic resource to build
its own wealth. New England
and Southern colonies greatly
dependent on England for
economy (Triangular
Trade/Plantations)
#11
Notes
Colonial Life
Emerging Culture
Religion
No religion was less tolerant than other
religions in the 1600s than the Puritan
faith in the English Colonies. After the
Great Migration of Puritans, many other
faiths would come to Colonial America.
In the 1700s, the Great Awakening
(a period of religious growth), swept
throughout the colonies. Many new
churches began in America and the
family formed as the foundation of
colonial society. With the birth of many
new Christian faiths, the conflicts
between religions reduced in the
colonies.
#11
Notes
Colonial Life
Emerging Culture
Family Life
Men were the heads of households and
women were under their authority. Women
could attend church but rarely were allowed to
be church leaders nor could they vote in
elections. Young men were sent to be
indentured servants to other families in the
hopes that they could learn a trade.
Education for children was increasingly
valued in colonial homes.
Apprentice System
A young man who works for a period of time
as an indentured servant to learn a trade
under a craftsman or professional.
#11
Emerging Culture
Colonial Life
Religion
Notes
#11
No religion was less tolerant than other religions in the 1600s than the Puritan faith in the
English Colonies. After the Great Migration of Puritans, many other faiths would come to
Colonial America.
In the 1700s, the Great Awakening (a period of religious growth), swept throughout the
colonies. Many new churches began in America and the family formed as the foundation of
colonial society. With the birth of many new Christian faiths, the conflicts between religions
reduced in the colonies.
Family Life
Men were the heads of households and women were under their authority. Women could
attend church but rarely were allowed to be church leaders nor could they vote in elections.
Young men were sent to be indentured servants to other families in the hopes that they
could learn a trade. Education for children was increasingly valued in colonial homes.
Apprentice System
A young man who works for a period of time as an indentured servant to learn a trade under
a craftsman or professional.
Notes
Colonial Life
Do we have a class system in
the United States today?
#11
#11
Colonial Life
The British North American colonies developed their own practices of
politics, religion, and economics, independent of Great Britain
Great Migration-Puritans
1630s
Great Awakening of Christians
1700s
Church Officials
Govt.
Officials
Royal
Charter
Proprietary
Large Landowners
Merchants
Small Farmers
Tradespeople
Renters
Workers
Indentured Servents
Slaves
Triangular
Trade
large part
of NE economy
Middle
Colonies
independent
TEST REVIEW
The British North American colonies developed their own practices of
politics, religion, and economics, independent of Great Britain
1. What type of farmers were most New England and Southern farmers and why were the middle
colonies different?
2. Why was triangular trade important to the New England and Sothern colonies?
3. What were the Navigation Acts and what do the laws say about England’s view of the colonies?
1. How was the government of Massachusetts Bay different in the 1600s than the colonies
of Rhode Island and Connecticut?
2. What was positive that came from the Salem Witch Trials?
3. What events in England helped shape government in the Colonies?
1. In what ways were the colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Pennsylvania similar and different from
each other?
2. Are the founding of Maryland and Rhode Island more similar to Massachusetts or Pennsylvania?
3. Why was the Anglican faith the official religion in most colonies?
The War that Made America
The British have won the war, but they find their vast
North American empire difficult to manage.
Many Indians, tired of British broken promises and
disrespect, join together and launch attacks on
Britain’s frontier forts. In an attempt to stop the conflict
with Indians, King George issues the Proclamation of
1763, declaring that all lands west of the Allegheny
Mountains belong to the Indians. The Colonists are
upset with the Proclamation. Some Colonists take
matters into their own hands and begin a campaign of
anti-Indian violence.
The financial pressure on the colonists mounts as a
series of taxes is levied by the British Crown to pay for
the war.
Notes
Causes of European Colonization
Brazil
#6