Esthetics Anatomy and Physiology

The study of structures of the human body and the substances these structures are made of. It is the science of the interconnected detail or organisms, or their parts.

The study of the functions and activities performed by body structures, including physical and chemical processes.

Also known as microscopic anatomy, is the stydy of the structure and composition of tissue.

Nucleus, Protoplasm, Mitochondria, Cell membrane

A basic unit of all living things. As a basic functional unit, the cell is responsible for carrying on all life processes. There are trillions of cells in the human body, and they wary widely in size, shape, and purpose.

The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell. It plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism. Within the nucleus is the nucleoplasm which is a fluid that contains proteins, and a very important acid known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA is what determines our genetic makeup.

A watery gel-like fluid containing the nutrient material necessary for cell growth, reproduction and self repair.

Serves to take in nutrients, break them down, and create energy. This chemical energy used within cells for metabolism is called ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Mitochondria are organelles floating freely throughout the cell. Some cells, like muscle cells, have several thousand mitochondria. Others, like blood cells, have none. Neurons don't need as many cells as muscles because they use less energy.

Part of the cells that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the. It is selectively permeable, controlling the introduction of beneficial substances into the cell and the removal of waste and substances that do not benefit the life of the cell. The cell. membrane protects the cell from its surroundings. It also communicates with other cells, linking like cells together to form tissues.

The normal process of cell reproduction in tissues that occurs when the cell divides into two identical cells called daughter cells.

Favorable conditions for cell reproduction: adequate supply of nutrients, oxygen, water; ability to eliminate waste; ideal temps.

Unfavorable: present toxins, disease, injury

Chemical process that takes place in living organisms. It concerts nutrients to energy so the cell can function. It also eliminates waste. These functions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, respond to their environments, and maintain their structures.

Aging influences the cell's metabolism and the cell begins to function less efficiently. Cell metabolism is something you will consider when working with your clients. Clients' response to treatment and response to active ingredients in products will be influenced by the efficiency and speed of their metabolism.

Connective Tissue

Epithelial Tissue

Muscle Tissue

Nerve Tissue

A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function. Each tissue has a specific function and are recognized by its characteristic appearance. There are FOUR types of tissue in the body.

Supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body.

E.g. bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia, blood and fat, which is also called adipose tissue. (stores energy and gives smoothness/contour to the body)

Collagen and elastin are protein fibers, and are also connective tissue.

Protective lining on cavities of the body and surfaces of organs.

E.g. skin, mucous membranes, lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands.

Contracts and moves the various parts of the body.

Carries messages thought the central nervous system to control and coordinate all bodily functions. Nerve tissue is composed of special cells called neurons, which make up the nerves, brain and spinal cord.

Organs

A collection of tissues that have an identifiable structure and perform specific functions.

A group of organs acting together for one or more functions.

Largest organ of the body. First line of defense against infection and water loss; regulates temperature, perceives sensation, produces vit. D; absorption capabilities.

E.g. skin & accessory organs (oil and sweat glands), sensory receptors, hair and nails.

Why know this? As it is largest organ learning its functions and the work of the accessory organs is a critical component in a skincare therapist's success

Forms physical foundation of the body.

Consists of the bones and movable and immovable joints.

Why know this? Important for protecting your own body mechanics when working, as well as knowing physical landmarks when providing treatments, including makeup applications.

Covers, shapes, & supports the skeletal tissue; also contracts and moves the various parts of the body.

Consists of muscles.

Why know this? Important when doing massages and performing electrical treatments such as micro-current; also to understand muscle movement to prevent repetitive motion fatigue when performing treatments.

Carries messages though the central nervous system, controlling and coordinating all bodily functions.

Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves.

Why know this? Need to know location of facial nerves and their actions when performing treatments; nerves control muscle movements of the face.

Controls the steady delivery of the blood though the body; works with the lymphatic channels.

Consists of heart with blood vessels.

Health of this system affects skin tissue health; circulatory issues are often contraindications and precautions to treatments; when performing body wraps for example, understanding which directions to wrap is essential for a good outcome, or an adverse event can occur.

Protects body from disease by developing resistances and destroying disease- causing toxins, foreign material, and bacteria.

Consists of spleen, lymph.

Many treatments require action from the lymphatic system, including performing lymphatic massage.

Affects growth, development, sexual activities, and normal regulatory processes of the body.

Consists of adrenal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas.

Hormones excreted by this system have a significant effect on the skin, and an understanding of that functioning will help when recognizing the need to refer a client for medical eval. Acne breakouts, hair growth, skin oiliness and dryness are a few.

Performs function of reproduction and passing on genetics to future generations; differentiates between sexes.

Consists of uterus, ovaries, penis, testes.

This system and hormonal influences accompanying puberty, pregnancy, peri menopause, and menopause make significant demands on the skin that require knowledge in order to provide a skin-care treatment.

Enables breathing, supplies the body with oxygen, and eliminates carbon dioxide as a waste product.

Consists of lungs, trachea, and bronchi

Adequate oxygenation of the tissue allows optimum cell functioning; possibility of the respiratory spread of infection affects safety and cleanliness.

Creaks down food into smaller and smaller particles to absorb nutrients or for excretion.

Consists of esophagus, stomach, gall bladder, liver, small and large intestines.

Good nutrition allows optimum functioning of all body systems.

Refers to elimination of waste matter

Consists of kidneys, bladder

Functions to eliminate toxic substances that can affect ofther body system functions.

The study of the structure and function of the skeleton and bony structures.

Sensory receptors, hair, nails, oil glands and sweat glands

- Gives shape and support to the body

- Protect various internal structures and organs

- Serve as attachments for muscles and act as levers to produce movement

- Help produce white and red blood cells (function of marrow

- Store most of body's calcium supply, as well as phosphorous, magnesium and sodium.

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The place where bones meet one another is typically called a joint. The body has over 230 joints

22 bones

Parietal (2)

Temporal (2)

Frontal (1)

Occipital (1)

Ethmoid (1)

Sphenoid (1)

Maxillary (2)

Zygomatic (2)

Mandible (1)

Nasal (2)

Platine (2)

Inferior nasal concha (2)

Lacrimal (2)

Vomer (1)

Hyoid (Adam's apple)

Cervical vertebrae

Ribs (12 pairs)

Scapula

Sternum

Clavicle

Humerus

Radius

Ulna

Carpus (8)

Metacarpus (5)

Phalanges (14)

The body has 630 muscles. 30 of those muscles are facial muscles.

1. Skeletal - voluntary muscles that contract w conscious thought

2. Smooth - involuntary muscles not under conscious control

3. Cardiac - specific to heart function and not under conscious control.

Frontalis - raises eyebrows; draws scalp forward

Temporalis (2)

Occipitalis - draws scalp backwards

Epicranius consists of both the frontalis and occipitalis

The corrugator - Draws eyebrow down and wrinkles forehead vertically.

The orbicularis occuli - Ring muscle around eyesocket. Closes the eye

The levator palpabrae superioris muscle - lifts the eyelid

The procerus lower eyebrows and wrinkles the top of nose.

The nasalis is a two-part muscle that covers nose. Flairs the nostrils