GOAL 1 – Colonial America MONSTER REVIEW!
Colonies
 New England Region – MA, NH, CT, RI, triangle trade, middle passage, Puritan
(Mass Bay Colony),City on a Hill – John Winthrop, Pilgrim (Plymouth),
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson (RI) - religious dissenters, New
England Town Meetings – direct democracy
 Middle Region – NY, DE, NJ, PA, William Penn – Quakers, trade, farming,
bread basket
 Southern Region – MD, VA, NC, SC, GA, cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo,),
large plantations, indentured servant & slave labor, John Smith – Jamestown,
James Oglethorpe – founded Georgia as a debtors colony, Maryland Toleration
Act
Foundational Events and Documents
 Magna Carta (1215) – Limited government, taxation requires consent
 Bacon’s Rebellion – settlers in western Virginia rebel against government,
showed frustration over governmental control by wealthy planters, displayed
willingness to rebel against an oppressive government
 Mayflower Compact (1620) – Established the concept of self-government
(popular sovereignty)
 Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)– First representative legislative body in the
colonies
 Maryland Toleration Act – Religious freedom for Christians, including
Catholics
 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) – First written constitution in the
colonies
 English Bill of Rights – Established protection of rights of the accused
 John Peter Zenger Case (1735) – Established idea of freedom of the press
 Great Awakening – Development of religious ideas other than the Church of
England, growth of American Identity
 Albany Plan of Union (1755) – Ben Franklin’s attempt to unite colonies for
common defense, American Identity
Road to the Revolution
 Salutary neglect – English policy of non-enforcement of trade regulations
 Mercantilism – Exploitation of colonies for the benefit of the mother country,
trade restrictions were placed on the colonies by Great Britain
 French and Indian War – Colonies & Great Britain vs. French & Indians,
dispute over Ohio Valley territory
o major significance= war debt caused salutary neglect to end!
 Series of taxes and declarations imposed by Great Britain = Sugar Act,
Quartering Act, Stamp Act (Boston Massacre), Declaratory Act, Tea Act
(Boston Tea Party), Intolerable (Coercive) Acts
o major significance = resulted in growing colonist discontent
 Common Sense – written by Thomas Paine, advocated that colonies should
declare independence
 Declaration of Independence (1776) – primary author = ThomasJefferson
o uses John Locke’s ideas of natural rights & “Social Contract Theory” to
justify separation from England
After the Revolution
 Treaty of Paris (1783) – ended Revolutionary War
 Articles of Confederation – first government after the Rev. War.
 Major weaknesses of Articles of Confederation included = no national courts,
no Congressional power to levy taxes, difficult to change, no regulation of trade,
no enforcement of laws passed, no national currency
 Only positive outcomes of Articles of Confederation:
o Land Ordinance (1785) – organized western land into townships, 1st
governmental aid toward public education
o Northwest Ordinance (1787) – Outlined steps for statehood
 Shay’s Rebellion – revealed the weaknesses of the Articles, led by outraged
farmers
Constitutional Convention
 Delegates originally met to revise the Articles of Confederation
 Major Compromises:
o Virginia and New Jersey Plans – resulted in the Great Compromise
 large states satisfied by House of Representatives and small states by
Senate
o 3/5 Compromise – Slaves = 3/5 of a person for the purpose of
representation.
o Other conflicting issues: tax on exports, slave trade regulations,
presidential elections (Electoral College)
Federalist vs. Anti-federalist
 Federalists- favored a strong federal govt., supported Constitution, Madison,
Hamilton, John Jay wrote the Federalists Papers to encourage ratification of the
Constitution
 Anti-Federalists – feared strong federal govt., opposed the Constitution,
supported states rights, wanted the Bill of Rights, George Mason, John Hancock,
Patrick Henry
 Constitution ratified after Bill of Rights were added
GOAL 1 – Review Questions
1. What was the first document in the colonies to establish the concept of selfgovernment?
2. What was the first permanent English colony in the New World? What was the
purpose of this settlement?
3. What groups settled in the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay areas? What was the
purpose of these settlements?
4. Which colony was set up as a debtors’ colony?
5. Which region of colonies was known as the “Bread-Basket” Colonies?
6. What was the first written constitution in the colonies?
7. What document allowed religious freedom to all Christians, including Catholics?
8. What document limited the power of the English monarch in 1215?
9. What was the first representative assembly in the colonies?
10. What colonial case established freedom of the press?
11. What is meant by salutary neglect? Did the colonists like this idea?
12. How did Britain’s practice of salutary neglect encourage the growth of an American
Identity?
13. What conflict led to the end of salutary neglect?
14. England placed trade restrictions on the colonies. England benefited from these trade
restrictions. This describes what economic theory?
15. What are John Locke’s natural rights?
16. John Locke believed that man’s natural state is free but man chooses to form a
government to protect his property. What theory does this describe?
17. What did Thomas Paine encourage in his pamphlet, Common Sense?
18. Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?
19. What was the first government after the Revolutionary War?
20. What rebellion did farmers in Massachusetts that illustrated the weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation lead?
21. Ultimately, why were the Articles of Confederation weak?
22. How should a state be represented in Congress according to the Virginia Plan?
23. How should a state be represented in Congress according to the New Jersey Plan?
24. Describe the Great Compromise and the legislature that this plan established.
25. What compromise settled this dispute of how slaves should be counted for the
purpose of representation?
26. What political party supported the ratification of the US Constitution?
27. What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?
28. What was added to the US Constitution that satisfied the Anti-Federalists?