Name: ________________________________________ Group:____________
Activity: 2.4
PART 2
Name of Activity: Determination
of ABO Blood type
Stage’s Objectives:
1.
2.
To learn the method of measuring ABO blood type.
To study how to determine ABO blood type.
Background
Blood type (also called blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic
substances (antigens) on the surface of red blood cells. If the red blood cell had only “A” antigen on it, that blood was
called type A. If the red blood cell had only “B” antigen on it, that blood was called type B. If the red blood cell had a
mixture of both antigens, that blood was called type AB. If the red blood cell had neither antigen, that blood was called
type O.
In biological terms, a foreign chemical causes the creation of antibodies against it. So in type A blood, there anti-B
antibodies because the immune system recognizes type B red blood cells as foreign. In type B blood, there anti-A
antibodies. In type AB, there are no antibodies against either type A or B antigens. In type O blood, there are antibodies
against both type A- and B antigens (Figure 2-1).
Figure
2-1 Blood
type
Experimental Methods
Sterilized lancet or needle; microscope slides; ethanol preps; distilled water; toothpick; anti-A and anti-B sera (human).
Procedure:
1.
2.
Obtain a clean microscope slide. Using a glass-marking pencil, mark one end A and the other end B.
Lance your finger to obtain blood. Clean the palmar surface of the third or fourth finger with a sterile gauze pad
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Name: ________________________________________ Group:____________
3.
4.
5.
6.
soaked with 70% ethanol. With a sterile lancet or needle, make a puncture on a fingertip.
Wipe off the first drop.
Place one drop of blood on each of the marked slide.
Add one drop of anti-A serum to the A side. Add one drop of anti-B serum to the B side. With a toothpick, using a
different toothpick for each side. Spread each mixture over an area of about 0.75 in diameter.
Observe the slide for any agglutination of red cells. If agglutination occurs on side A only, you have the blood type A.
if it occurs on side B only, you have blood type B. if a reaction occurs on both sides, you have type AB. If no reaction
occurs on either side, you have type O.
Cautions
1.
2.
Keep all the materials needed ready and protected from dust, particularly the clean microscope slides.
Using the different toothpick to mix the blood and the anti-A or anti-B sera. Make certain you do not mix the anti-A
and anti-B antisera.
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Name: ________________________________________ Group:____________
EXPERIMENT REPORT
Name: _________________________________ Date: __________________________________
Lab section: ____________________________________________________________________
Results:
1. Complete the following result table in experiment of human blood type determination ( INCLUDE ALL THE
STUDENTS )
Table. 2-1 Human blood type determination.
Blood
Agglutination
with anti-A
Agglutination
with anti-B
Type
Student 1
Student 2
Student 3
Then, make separate tables according to the Blood Group and insert 3 graphs with the following information:
1. Pie Bar with percentages of students per blood group
2. Graph of type of blood in girls
3. Graph of type of blood in boys.
2. In terms of antigens and antibodies, what does the blood type AB mean?
 MAKE A RESEARCH PAPER OF THIS PRACTICE ( BASED ON THE ACTIVITY
2.3 “ SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PAPER COMPONENTS”)
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Name: ________________________________________ Group:____________
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