Unit 9—Vietnam and Counterculture
Chapters 16 – 17
CSS 11.10, 11.11
Part Four
Other Movements of the 1960’s 11.8.2, 11.10.5, 11.11.2
EQ#8: How did the rights movements of the 1960’s and 1970’s
expand rights for diverse groups of Americans?
Other Civil Rights Movement
• Hispanic Civil Rights
Movement
• Spanish-speakers arrived in
America in the 1500s
• Spain controlled Central and
South America as well as large
parts of North America
• the US bought Florida in 1819
• the US added Texas in 1845
• the US added the Southwest in
1850
• the US added Puerto Rico in
1898
• Hispanics are the largest
minority in the US today
Hispanic Rights Movement
• Hispanic immigration
increased after 1965
• Immigration and Nationality
Act
• Mexican immigration
increased after the 1911
revolution
• the bracero program of the
1940s
• from 1960s to 1980s over 2
million immigrants came to
the US
Other Civil Rights Movement
• Cesar Chavez
• migrant workers tried to
form unions but failed
• long hours, low wages,
poor housing, no
healthcare, exposure to
chemicals
• Cesar Chavez organized
the United Farm Workers
• he used strikes, boycotts,
and hunger strikes to
gain support for his cause
Other Civil Rights Movement
• United Farm Workers
• in 1975, California passed
a law to recognize the
rights of farmworkers to
unionize
Other Civil Rights Movement
• Chicano Movement
• pushed for political gains for
Hispanics
• lawsuits and elections
• cultural education at college
and high school
• La Raza
• by 1980, six Hispanics were
in Congress
• Bill Richardson of New Mexico
ran for president in 2008
• debates for both democrats
and republicans were held on
Hispanic television channels in
2008
Other Civil Rights Movement
• American Indian Movement
• AIM sought political rights
for Native Americans
• focus was on Indians in
urban ghettos
• land, mineral, and water
rights
• self-government (fishing
rights and religious rights)
• Indians have more power
to make their own rules
today
Other Civil Rights Movement
• activism became more
militant (less peaceful)
• in 1969, Indians seized
Alcatraz for 2 years
• in 1972, Indians marched
from San Francisco to DC
and occupied the Bureau of
Indian Affairs
• in 1976, several protests
contrasted the bicentennial
with the state of Indians
Consumer Rights
• Unsafe at Any Speed,
1965
• traffic accidents and
fatalities were on the rise
• Ralph Nader’s book
showed that car makers
cared more for profit than
safety
• new laws required seat
belts in all cars
• National Traffic and Motor
Vehicle Safety Act, 1966
Chevy Corvair
Consumer Rights
• Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA)
• OSHA requires businesses
to provide basic safety
standards for its employees
• guards on all moving parts
• permissible exposure limits
• personal protective
equipment
• blood borne pathogens
• exposure to asbestos
EQ#8:
• How did the rights movements of the
1960’s and 1970’s expand rights for
diverse groups of Americans?
Part Four
The Environmental Movement 11.11.5
EQ #9: What forces gave rise to the environmental movement,
and what impact did it have?
The Environmental Movement
• Silent Spring, 1962
• Rachel Carson explained
that pesticides (DDT)
hurt animals
• causes thinning in birds’
eggs
• Congress restricted DDT
• said that human activity
affects the environment
• began the
environmentalist
movement
The Environmental Movement
• Earth Day (April 22,
1970)
• created as a grassroots
event to focus on helping
the environment
• 2,000 colleges and
universities
• 10,000 primary and
secondary schools
• 100s of communities across
the US
• 20,000,000 Americans
The Environmental Movement
• Clean Air Act, 1970
• limited automobile and
factory emissions
• smog checks and
unleaded gas
• Clean Water Act, 1973
• limited industrial and
agricultural waste
The Environmental Movement
• Endangered Species Act,
1973
• gave federal protection to
animals and plants
• bald eagle
The Environmental Movement
• Environmental Protection
Agency, 1970
• the EPA regulates the impact
businesses have on the
environment
• industry argues that
regulation raises costs and
hurts the economy
The Environmental Movement
• Love Canal, 1978
• the EPA found the
community had high
rates of cancer and birth
defects
• thousands of tons of
chemical waste had
been buried in the area
over several decades
• led to creation of
Superfund to clean these
sites up
The Environmental Movement
• Three Mile Island, 1979
• a partial nuclear
meltdown in
Pennsylvania sent panic
across the nation
• the radiation was
contained but 25,000
lived within 5 miles of it
• no more nuclear power
plants have been built
since
• still debate what to do
with the nuclear waste
• The San Onofre
Nuclear Power Plant
produces 20% of
Southern
California’s
electricity. Should
we turn to nuclear
energy to save the
environment?
EQ #9:
• What forces gave rise to the
environmental movement, and what
impact did it have?